SCIENCE IN THE PARK: ROCK POOLS SPECIES BIODIVERSITY LAB
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1 SPECIES BIOIVERSITY LAB Purpoe: To undertand the mportance of bodverty, calculate the ndce of the Smpon Index, and quantfy the bodverty of a ample. eveloped by E. A. Bett Tme: 40 mnute BACKGROUN: Smpon' verty Index a meaure of dverty. In ecology, t often ued to quantfy the bodverty of a habtat. It take nto account the number of pece preent, a well a the abundance of each pece. Before lookng at Smpon' verty Index n more detal, t mportant to undertand the bac concept. Bologcal dverty can be quantfed n many dfferent way. The two man factor taken nto account when meaurng dverty are rchne and evenne. Rchne a meaure of the number of dfferent knd of organm preent n a partcular area. For example, pece rchne the number of dfferent pece preent. However, dverty depend not only on rchne, but alo on evenne. Evenne compare the mlarty of the populaton ze of each of the pece preent. Rchne - The number of pece per ample a meaure of rchne. The more pece preent n a ample, the 'rcher' the ample. Spece rchne a a meaure on t own take no account of the number of ndvdual of each pece preent. It gve a much weght to thoe pece whch have very few ndvdual a to thoe whch have many ndvdual. Thu, one day ha a much nfluence on the rchne of an area a 1000 buttercup. Evenne - Evenne a meaure of the relatve abundance of the dfferent pece that make up the rchne of an area. To gve an example, we mght have ampled two dfferent feld for wldflower. The ample from the frt feld cont of 300 dae, 335 dandelon and 365 buttercup. The ample from the econd feld compre 20 dae, 49 dandelon and 931 buttercup (ee the table below). Both ample have the ame rchne (3 pece) and the ame total number of ndvdual (1000). However, the frt ample ha more evenne than the econd. Th becaue the total number of ndvdual n the ample qute evenly dtrbuted between the three pece. In the econd ample, mot of the ndvdual are buttercup, wth only a few dae and dandelon preent. Sample 2 therefore condered to be le dvere than ample 1. Page 1
2 Flower Spece Indvdual n Sample #1 Indvdual n Sample #2 ay andelon Buttercup Total A communty domnated by one or two pece condered to be le dvere than one n whch everal dfferent pece have a mlar abundance. A pece rchne and evenne ncreae, dverty ncreae. Smpon' verty Index a meaure of dverty whch take nto account both rchne and evenne. Smpon Index () meaure the probablty that two ndvdual randomly elected from a ample wll belong to the ame pece (or ome category other than pece). There are two veron of the formula for calculatng. In th cla we wll ue the followng n ( n N( N Where n the number of each ndvdual pece, N the total number of ndvdual, and range between 0 and 1. Wth th ndex, 0 repreent nfnte dverty and 1, no dverty. That, the bgger the value of, the lower the dverty. To calculate Smpon' Index for a partcular area, the area mut frt be ampled. The number of ndvdual of each pece preent n the ample mut be noted. For example, the dverty of the ground flora n a woodland, mght be teted by amplng random quadrate. The number of plant pece wthn each quadrant, a well a the number of ndvdual of each pece noted. There no necety to be able to dentfy all the pece, provded they can be dtnguhed from each other. A an example, let u work out the value of for a ngle quadrat ample of ground vegetaton n a woodland. Of coure, amplng only one quadrat would not gve you a relable etmate of the dverty of the ground flora n the wood. Several ample would have to be taken and the data pooled to gve a better etmate of overall dverty. Spece Abundance (n ) Woodruh 2 Holly Seedlng 8 Bramble 1 Wllow 1 Sedge 3 Total 15 Page 2
3 Then to olve for Smpon Index n ( n N( N 2( 8(7) 1(0) 15(14) 1(0) 3(2) So Smpon Index = 0.3 Pre-lab Queton Spece Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample Why would we want to rate the amount of bodverty n a locaton? 2. Examne the chart below and calculate the dverty ndce for the three ample. Sample 1 = Sample 2 = Sample 3 = 3. Ue the reult from the prevou queton to decrbe the bodverty of each ample. Page 3
4 Procedure 1. Ung a mall net, take a bottom ample from the mulated waterbody. Empty the ample and nventory the dfferent pece and the abundance of each pece n the ample. Ste 1 Spece Ste 2 Spece Ste 3 Spece Page 4
5 Ste 4 Spece 2. Ue the data to calculate the Smpon dverty ndex for each ample. Ste Smpon verty Index Ste 1 Ste 2 Ste 3 Ste 4 3. Whch te had the greatet amount of bodverty? 4. Whch te had the leat? 5. Whch pece were preent and abundant at every te? 6. Whch pece were only found at certan te? 7. Why do you thnk ome pece were not found at all te? What could have caued ther dappearance from the te? 8. What were ome problem or error aocated wth the mulaton? Page 5
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