Using waste resources at a Swedish pulp- and paper mill for produc7on of microalgae biomass

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1 Using waste resources at a Swedish pulp- and paper mill for produc7on of microalgae biomass SP Technical Research Ins7tute of Sweden Nordic Bal+c Bioenergy 2015 Conference Riga, Latvia, April 15 susanne.ekendahl@sp.se Bioeconomics

2 SP Technical Research Ins7tute of Sweden INDUSTRY UNIVERSITIES COLLEGES WE CREATE VALUE THROUGH COLLABORATION

3 33 pulp mills, 38 paper mills, in total 49 mills 118 saw mills 119 plants for processing of wood products 70 others Forest industry in Sweden Waste resources produced at pulp and paper mills: Flue gas containing CO 2 of mainly non- fossil origin Waste water with nutrients (N, P etc) Excess heat Why not use these waste resources to produce something biobased? Algae? Nordic Paper Bäckhammar members

4 Why cul7vate primary producers such as microalgae? CO 2 fixa+on Nutrient uptake of N and P High oil or sugar content possible No arable land needed High biomass/oil produc+vity per area Feedstock Liters of oil/(m 2 & year) Soy 0,040-0,050 Canola/Rapeseed 0,11-0,14 Jatropha 0,16-0,23 Palm 0,61 Algae 4,7 9,3 (World Biofuels Markets)

5 Theore7cal produc7vity of microalgae: 8 kg/m 2 * year based on sun energy at northern la7tudes Tredici M.,R. Photobiology of microalgae mass cultures: understanding the tools for the next green revolubon, Biofuels (2010)

6 Global yearly primary phytoplankton produc7on according to satellite based chlorofyll measurements nutrient supply as well as sunlight affects the outcome! Behrenfeld & Falkowski 1997

7 SP strategy Pursue refining a]er considering the product trophic level Product trophic levels 1. Medicals 2. Food 3. Cosme+cs 4. Feed 5. Plas+cs 6. Plas+zizers 7. Diesel 8. Alkohols 9. Paper 10. Methane 11. Biomass for hea+ng 12. Fer+lizers Energy Sacrifice biomass quality to gain energy efficiency! Control your cultures to get what you want! Niklas Strömberg Research Scien+st Ph.D SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces

8 Project Bäckhammars Algbruk at Nordic Paper Project 7tle: Algae culturing at pulp- and paper industries for sustainable produc+on of bio- oil Aim: To produce algae biomass using waste resources at a pulp- and paper mill and extract bio- oil for analyses of usability

9 Challenges 1) Energy balance 2) Cost of production 3) Cultivation and harvesting techniques No pumping? No hea+ng? No mixing? No transport? No centrifuging? No filtering? No ar+ficial lights? - use local resources! Nordic Paper pulp- and paper mill east of Lake Vänern 3 year project partners, SP coordinates Funded by Vinnova, ÅF, Region Värmland and partners Total >10 million SEK

10 Waste resources used Flue gas from soda process chimney 400 m away, % CO 2, ph controlled supply during day+me. Gas provides mixing. Elevated CO 2 levels important for produc+vity! Waste heat from the mill waste water treatment facility, approx 40 C, for exchange hea+ng and cooling the ponds from below To be used in the future: nutrients from waste water, either from the mill or from the nearby municipality sewage treatment plant (now clean fresh water + NPK fer+lizer). NPK must be replaced.

11 The Bäckhammar pilot plant In total 60 m 2 ponds 1 raceway 21 m 2, 30 cm deep, with paddle wheel 10 SP Tethys ponds, 2300 l each Total material cost 115 ksek

12 Bäckhammar plant (SP) Niklas Strömberg Research Scien+st Ph.D SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces

13 SP Raceway system (modules 21 m 2 ) Semiclosed system 21 m 2 / module Overpressure of CO 2 - > sterile cul+va+on Integrated waste heat - > longer cul+va+on Automated CO 2 distribu+on Low energy consump+on for mixing ~30 W Harvest once a year by sedimenta+on/floccula+on and drying Niklas Strömberg Research Scien+st Ph.D SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces

14 SP Tethys reactor 3,6 m 2 surface area & 2300 L Overpressure of CO 2 - > closed cul+va+on Automated CO 2 supply Integrated waste heat - > longer cul+va+on Low energy consump+on for mixing ~2 W Niklas Strömberg SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces Algae Research

15 Tethys reactor- culturing, harvest, drying CO2 Niklas Strömberg Research Scien+st Ph.D SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces

16 Microalgae strains Scenedesmus dimorphus UTEX 417, unicellular freshwater microalgae strain (originally from Lund) inoculated into the ponds Local strains thrive as well: Monoraphidium, Chorella, Scenedesmus quadricauda and others Bacteria and small animals an ecosystem! Scenedesmus dimorphus Monoraphidium

17 Results so far Bäckhammar photosynthe+c efficiency 2013 (3 months August- Oct): 1% Max outdoor ever: 3.5%* Max theore+cal: 5%* Dry biomass 2014: 26.6 kg, carbon content approx. 50 % Heat value 20-24,5 MJ/kg Oil content 2013: 10 %, 2014: prel. 19 %, have reached % at SP pilot plant in Borås Energy balance posi+ve? Compare with rape seed A long +me before being compe++ve with fossil oil *Tredici M.,R. Biofuels (2010)

18 Possible products/prototypes from our algae biomass Biocrude Biodiesel Pellets Biogas (as is or in co- diges+on) Plas+zisers Metal adsorp+on Water remedia+on of N and P

19 Collabora7on and funding partners

20 Project vision Second phase: Upscaled pilot plant with biomass and fuel produc+on with the aim to be able to drive a car x kms using biobased algae fuel take the step from enthusiast driven project to half commercial. Find middel value product. Funding needed. Connect the Swedish pilot plants with the industry and a Swedish Algae network, further connected to algae networks in the Nordic countries and EU Third phase: demonstra+on plant

21 Other pilot microalgae projects in Sweden MICROBioREFINE, Umeå Energy/SLU Cementa/Linné University, Öland SP/Stenungsund cluster/perstorp/cowi pre- study Trelleborg Municipality SP Algae Research Facility, Borås Industry: Simris Alg AB Omega 3 produc+on AstaReal - astaxan+n produc+on Susanne Ekendahl

22 The SP Algae Team thanks you for your a en+on!

The economics of micro-algae production

The economics of micro-algae production and processing into biofuel December 2006 Thomas Schulz Research Economist Farming Systems, Department of Agriculture Western Australia Key Message The Research