Nanocarbons for Future Life & Green Technology
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1 TTI SURFACE SCIENCE LAB. Nanocarbons for Future Life & Green Technology Masamichi YOSHIMURA Toyota Technological Institute Nagoya, Japan
2 Outline Introduction of Nanocarbons Basic Research for Industrial Innovation Battery, Superhylipophilic sponge, Artificial joints Nano-characterization Advanced Microscopies, Nano-Manipulator Future of Nanocarbons 2
3 Discovery of Nano Carbons 1985 Fullerene 1 (Kroto ら ) 1991 MWCNT* 2 (Iijima) 1993 SWCNT 3 (Iijima) 2004 Graphene 4 (Novoselov) 2008 CNT-Graphite Composite 5 (Kondo) * CNT: carbon nanotube (1) H. W. Kroto et al., Nature, 318 (1985) 162. (2) S. Iijima, Nature, 354 (1991) 56. (3) S. Iijima and T. Ichihashi, Nature, 363 (1993) 603. (4) K. S. Novoselov et al., Science, 306 (2004) 666. (5) D. Kondo et al., Appl. Phys. Express, 1 (2008)
4 Physical Properties Materials 材料導電率 S/m 電流密度 A/cm 2 熱伝導率 current W /(m K) グラフェン ~5000 Graphene 単層 C N T ~3500 SWCNT 多層 C N T ~3000 MWCNT 銀 Silver 銅 Copper Aluminum Electric cond Ther cond アルミニウム Excellent electric and thermal conductivity properties of the composite, consisting of graphenes and carbon nanotubes
5 TTI SURFACE SCIENCE LAB. *A. Jorio et al., Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene Related System. **Mayorov, A. S. et al. Nano Le=. 11, 2396 (2011). ***T. Stauber et al., Phys. Rev. B 78, (2008). Graphene E nm * band structure Dirac point k E x F k y C.B. V.B. Ø Monolayer carbon sp 2 sheet Ø High carrier mobility of 250,000 cm 2 /Vs ** Ø 2.3% optical adsorption ***
6 Applications Many # of Layers Ramp Tube Graphene Sheet Few ordered Alignment disordered
7 TTI SURFACE SCIENCE LAB. Application of Graphene FET Transparent films Graphene on PET W. H. Lee et al., ACS Nano 6, 1284 (2012). I. Meric et al., Nat. Nanotech. 3, 654 (2008). Photo detectors Optical Modulator T. Mueller et al., Nat. Photonics 4, 297 (2010). C.- C. Lee et al., Opt. Express 20, 5264 (2012).
8 Ø Mechanical Exfoliation How to make Graphene TTI SURFACE SCIENCE LAB. Scotch tape Graphene Graphite Layer & size uncontrallable à not for mass production Ø Chemical Vapor Deposi0on Thermal decomposition Source gass Catalytic reaction Mass production
9 1.Introduction TTI SURFACE SCIENCE LAB. 9/60 Challenges in CVD Growth of Graphene on Cu Polycrystal; Randomly oriented Graphene domains Electric properties perturbed at the domain boundary à Enlargement of domain by nucleation suppression graphene High density of nuclei à small domain size Low density of nuclei è large domain size
10 TTI SURFACE SCIENCE LAB. Reduction of seed density tiny huge 10
11 Large and high- quality Graphdene 2.47 mm 2.55 mm 2.66 mm 11
12 Outline Introduc0on of Nanocarbons Basic Research for Industrial Innova0on Ba=ery, Superhylipophilic sponge, Ar0ficial joints Nano- characteriza0on Advanced Microscopies, Nano- Manipulator Future of Nanocarbons 12
13 Li ion ba=ery + Basal plane Edge What is the path of Li ion?(edge, basal, defects?) High Performance Battery
14 Mul0layer Graphene Growth 20 um
15 Any carbon materials to Graphene - Precipita0on Method Ni C Annealing and cooling graphene C atom Nguyen et al. ACS Nano Tiwari et al. Chemical Commun Amorphous carbon, carbon black, Admanten, polymer,
16 Superhydrophobic & Superlipophilic Sponge using Graphene Backgrounds: oil spil in the sea, water filtering Methods: 1)coa0ng of GO on the sponge surface, 2)reduc0on using Vitamin- C, Light,,, Melamine Graphite oxides (GO)
17
18 Lifetime of Artificial Hip Joint PE- Cup/Metal or Ceramic Head wear debri Osteolysis Metal cup/metal Head(Co- Cr) Co ions, Allergy Prolonga0on of Life0me by wear reduc0on DLC Coa0ng: low adhesion Carbon structures as a new coa0ng layer
19 Growth of CNT and Composites on ASTM F75 (bio-metal) Friction coef CNT µm counts Raw CNT Composite composites 5 µm CNT and composites stuctures are successfully synthesized Friction coef. of CNT & composites is reduced.
20 Outline Introduc0on of Nanocarbons Basic Research for Industrial Innova0on Ba=ery, Superhylipophilic sponge, Ar0ficial joints Nano- characteriza0on Advanced Microscopies, Nano- Manipulator Future of Nanocarbons 20
21 Scanning Probe Microscopy: See atoms
22 Fuel Cell Vehicles: 2014 Released by Toyota Pt/C Tutovista.com
23 Transmission Electron Microscopy of Pt particles during Operation of Fuel Cell Toyota & JFCC
24 Cutting of carbon nanotube sword fight : Nano-manipulation
25 Outline Introduc0on of Nanocarbons Basic Research for Industrial Innova0on Ba=ery, Superhylipophilic sponge, Ar0ficial joints Nano- characteriza0on Advanced Microscopies, Nano- Manipulator Future of Nanocarbons 25
26 10 Most Abundant Elements in the Universe Source: Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds; David L. Heiserman, 1992 Element Abundance measured relative to silicon Hydrogen 40,000 Helium 3,100 Oxygen 22 Neon 8.6 Nitrogen 6.6 Carbon 3.5 Silicon 1 Magnesium 0.91 Iron 0.6 Sulfur 0.38
27 Natural Graphite China, Korea, Russia, Brazil Sri Lanka China, Korea, Mexico
28 Gravity Map (google)
29 Sri Lankan Graphite: High purity
30 Waste carbon sources (Solid) Clothes, Tires, Wood, Plants, Foods (Gas) CO 2, Hydrocarbons 30
31 Stone Wood Silicon Iron
32 Carbon
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