Fill the gaps in the sentences using these key words from the text. The paragraph numbers will help you. depression lack diabetes stagger obesity

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1 1 Warmer How many hours sleep do you think you need? Do you get enough sleep? What would be the ideal time for you to start school or work? 2 Key words Fill the gaps in the sentences using these key words from the text. The paragraph numbers will help you. depression lack diabetes stagger obesity 1. If you working hours, they start at different times. (para 1) 2. If you have a of sleep, you don t have enough sleep. (para 1) 3. is a serious medical condition when your body does not produce enough insulin to reduce the amount of sugar in the blood. (para 1) 4. is a medical condition in which a person is so unhappy that they cannot live a normal life. (para 1) 5. is when someone is too fat in a way which is bad for their health. (para 1) apprentice cycle school run rush hour synchronized 6. A is a series of events that happen again and again in the same order or at the same time. (para 3) 7. An is someone who works for a particular company, usually for little money, to learn the type of work they do. (para 5) 8. If things are, they happen at the same time. (para 5) 9. The is the time of day when there are most cars on the road because people are travelling to and from work. (para 6) 10. The is the journey by car to school each morning and back each afternoon. (para 6) 3 Find the information Find the following information in the text as quickly as possible. 1. What is the natural wake-up time for children aged around 10? 2. What is the natural wake-up time for children aged around 16? 3. What is the natural wake-up time for young people aged around 18? 4. How much sleep do people aged between 14 and 24 typically lose each night? 5. How much sleep do people aged between 24 and 30 to 35 typically lose each night? 6. What time does Dr Kelley get up?

2 Why you should start work at 10am (unless you re in your 50s) Emine Saner 9 September, Many of us know we don t get enough sleep but imagine if there was a simple solution: getting up later. In a speech at the British Science Festival, Dr Paul Kelley from Oxford University said schools should stagger their starting times to work with the natural rhythms of their students. This would improve exam results and students health (lack of sleep can cause diabetes, depression, obesity and other health problems). 2 Dr Kelley said that, when children are around ten, their natural wake-up time is about 6.30am; at 16, this rises to 8am; and, at 18, a person s natural waking hour is 9am, although you may think they are just a lazy teenager. The normal school starting time works for 10-year-olds but not for 16- to 18-year-olds. For the older teenagers, it might be better to start the school day at 11am or even later. A 7am wake-up time for older teenagers, says Kelley, is the same as a 4.30am start for a teacher in their 50s. 3 He says the solution is not to tell teenagers to go to bed earlier. The body s natural rhythm is controlled by a particular kind of light, says Kelley. The eye has cells that report to a part of the brain that controls our sleep rhythms over a 24-hour cycle. It s the light that controls it. 4 But it isn t just students who would benefit from a later start. Kelley says the working day should be more linked to our natural rhythms. Describing the average sleep loss per night for different age groups, he says: Between 14 and 24, people lose more than two hours. For people aged between 24 and about 30 or 35, they lose about an hour and a half. That can continue up until you re about 55 when it s in balance again. The 10-year-old and 55-year-old wake and sleep naturally at the same time. 5 So, should workplaces have staggered starting times, too? Should people in their 50s and above come in at 8am, people in their 30s start at 10am and the teenage apprentice at 11am? Kelley says that synchronized hours could have many positive effects. The positive side is that people s performance, mood and health will improve. It s very positive because it s a solution that will make people less ill, and happier and better at what they do. 6 There would probably be fewer accidents because drivers would be more awake, he says. It could mean the end of rush hour because people would stagger their work times and the times of their school run. A later start to the day for many, says Kelley, is something that would benefit all people, particularly families. Parents go and try to wake up teenagers who are waking up three hours too early. It creates problems for everybody. 7 So, what time does Kelley start work? I am 67 so that means I m like a 10-year-old and I get up just after six. I wake naturally. And, yes, he says he finds the start of his working day much easier now than when he was younger. Guardian News and Media 2015 First published in The Guardian, 09/09/15

3 4 Comprehension check Match the beginnings and endings to make statements about the text. 1. The natural wake-up time for lazy teenagers 2. The normal school starting time is 3. A particular kind of light 4. Young people aged between 14 and Synchronized working hours would 6. There wouldn t be so many accidents because a. lose more than two hours sleep each night. b. make people less ill, and happier and better at what they do. c. is 9 o clock in the morning. d. people would be more awake. e. controls the body s natural rhythm. f. fine for ten year olds but not for older children. 5 Chunks Rearrange the words to make phrases from the text. 1. time the school starting normal 2. to earlier bed go 3. our linked rhythms to natural 4. effects have could positive many 5. later a to day the start 6. hours early too three 6 Two-word phrases Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text. 1. sleep 2. school 3. exam 4. rush 5. age 6. health a. results b. group c. hour d. problems e. loss f. run

4 7 Word stress Put these words and phrasal verbs from the text into the correct column according to their stress. stagger improve enough rhythm average lazy create control teenage normal get up wake up A 0 o B o 0 8 Discussion Should schools have different starting times for different age groups? Why? Why not? Would you prefer to start school or work later? Why? Why not?

5 KEY 2 Key words 1. stagger 2. lack 3. diabetes 4. depression 5. obesity 6. cycle 7. apprentice 8. synchronized 9. rush hour 10. school run 3 Find the information 1. about 6.30am 2. 8am 3. 9am 4. more than two hours 5. about an hour and a half 6. just after six 6 Two-word phrases 1. e 2. f 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. d 7 Word stress A 0 o B o 0 stagger rhythm average lazy teenage normal improve enough create control get up wake up 4 Comprehension check 1. c 2. f 3. e 4. a 5. b 6. d 5 Chunks 1. the normal school starting time 2. go to bed earlier 3. linked to our natural rhythms 4. could have many positive effects 5. a later start to the day 6. three hours too early

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