New challenges in wind energy R&D going further offshore introducing energy storage

Transcription

1 New challenges in wind energy R&D going further offshore introducing energy storage Jochen Bard Head of department energy conversion and storage, IWES Kassel

2 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft in Germany Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, the largest organization for applied research in Europe undertakes applied research of direct utility to private and public enterprise and of wide benefit to society. 80 research units, including 60 Fraunhofer Institutes 22, 000 staff 2 billion annual research budget Research centers and representative offices in Europe, USA, Asia and in the Middle East. Hannover Berlin Potsdam Teltow Braunschweig Magdeburg Cottbus Oberhausen Halle Dortmund Kassel Schkopau Leipzig Duisburg Schmallenberg Dresden St. Augustin Jena Aachen Euskirchen Chemnitz Wachtberg Ilmenau St. Ingbert Bremerhaven Saarbrücken Karlsruhe Pfinztal Ettlingen Stuttgart Darmstadt Würzburg Erlangen Freiburg Holzen Efringen- Kirchen Bremen Itzehoe Lübeck Kaiserslautern Fürth Nürnberg Freising Rostock München Holzkirchen

3 Fraunhofer Alliances Adaptronics Ambient Assisted Living AAL Automobile Production Building Innovation Cloud Computing Digital Cinema E-Government Energy Food Chain Management Additive Manufacturing Lightweight Structures Nanotechnology Optic Surfaces Photocatalysis Polymer Surfaces POLO Cleaning Technology Simulation Water Systems (SysWasser) Traffic and Transportation Vision Advancer

4 Fraunhofer Alliance Energy > 1500 employees Renewable energies Photovoltaics, Solar thermal, concentrating solar plants Biomass, biogas and bio fuels Fraunhofer Wind Energy Network Efficient use of energy Energy in buildings Smart grids Storage technologies Itzehoe Magdeburg 13 Oberhausen 7 12 Dresden Ilmenau Würzburg Erlangen Karlsruhe Pfinztal 2 12 Stuttgart Freiburg 13 USA Bremerhaven 3

5 Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology Bremerhaven and Kassel Advancing Wind Energy and Energy System Technology Research spectrum: Wind energy from material development to grid optimization Energy system technology for all renewables Foundation: 2009 Annual budget: approx. 30 million euros Personal: approx. 400 Directors: Prof. Dr. Andreas Reuter, Prof. Dr. Clemens Hoffmann Formerly: Fraunhofer-Center für Windenergie und Meerestechnik CWMT in Bremerhaven Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik ISET in Kassel

6 Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology Business fields I Wind energy technology and operating management Elasticity and dynamics of turbines and components Competence center rotor blade Development of rotors, drive trains and foundations

7 Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology Business fields II Environmental analysis for wind and ocean energy Control and integration of decentralized converters Energy management and grid operation Energy supply structures and systems analysis

8 Experimental facilities Rotor blade test stands DyNaLab: Multi-MW nacelle testbench, compl. in 2013 Component test stands Climate chambers Offshore test field for materials and systems Representative wind measurement network for Germany (200m Metmast, mobile LIDARs) DeMoTec Design center for modular supply technology for components and subsidiary systems SysTec Systems test center, open air test site DG (Distributed Generation) test and certification center and European DERlab network Accredited test laboratory electromagnetic compatibility with open area test site according to IEC Experimental center for bio energy systems technology

9 Development phases of the EU offshore wind market in terms of water depth (m) and distance to shore (km) up to average distance to shore [km] nd market phase German EEZ UK round (GER) (UK) (others) announced floating projects st market phase average depth [m]

10 Areas suitable for offshore wind installations in European seas m m m 0-30 m Map shows operational (green) offshore and planned wind farms (yellow) offshore wind farms

11 Cost challenge in deep water cost [million ] bottom mounted foundations floating concepts Monopile Jacket Spar Tension leg Semi sub water depth [m] Manufacturing cost models for 5 MW turbine foundations (various sources)

12 HiPRWind High Power, high Reliability offshore wind technology Project start date: November 1, End date: October 31, 2015 Total budget 20 million, total EC-funding 11 M 1130 person months over 5 years Main research topics: Floater and mooring systems Controls, power and grid Condition and structural health monitoring Advanced rotor concepts

13 HiPRwind: Programme Aim: install and operate a floating MW-class wind turbine for research purpose Location: BIMEP, off Bilbao, Spain Industrial challenge: design, procurement, construction and installation of the floating WT within three years of project start and within the available budget Research prospects: generate field data from experiments on a real wind turbine in harsh offshore conditions during at least two years 13

14 HiPRwind: Work plan Main research topics: Floater and mooring systems Controls, power and grid Condition and structural health monitoring Advanced rotor concepts 10 MW 1.5 MW > Increased scale > Improved reliability > Improved cost efficiency 14

15 Project timeline 15

16 The floating wind turbine Source: AWP Source: Olav Olsen Acciona Windpower AW1500: 1.5 MW rated power DFIG & Gearbox Hydraulic pitch system Rotor diameter 77m Hub height 60m above SWL Semi-sub platform: Column distance 35m Water depth 80m Steel weight <1000t 3 mooring lines Heave period ~20sec 16

17 Scaling and optimisation of the design for 10 MW 17

18 INFLOW Demo project INFLOW - INdustrialization setup of a FLoating Offshore Wind turbine FP7 funded Duration: 48 months from June 2012 on Total budget: 21.5 million 10 European project partners Successor project of VERTIWIND Aims: Prototype optimisation Preparation of industrialisation phase Installation of second floating VAWT 18

19 INFLOW technology roadmap 19

20 INFLOW consortium IWES contributions: Techno-economic assessment and benchmarking Communication and dissemination Coordination with other National / International initiatives Business/Market Deployment plan 20

21 FLOATGEN: Demonstration of two floating wind turbine systems for power generation in Spanish deep waters 2 MW Gamesa wind turbine on the concrete floating foundation Damping Pool designed by Ideol, France delivers two floating wind turbine systems for waters with a depth greater than 40 m utilising state of the art EU technologies 2 MW turbine model on a ringshaped surface-floating platform (Gamesa - IDEOL & Univ. Stuttgart) 3 MW turbine on a semi-submersible structure (Acciona - Navantia & Olav Olsen) Industry-led European initiative with partial public support 2015: Installation in Spanish waters 2016: Monitoring and testing of the operating systems in real open sea conditions (Fh IWES) 21

22 European Floating Wind Road Map Prof. Heronemus ELOMAR FLOAT DrijfWind EOLIA Hywind HiPRWind Windlfoat FLOATGEN NREL NER MW farm DeepCwind, US : design & testing 225-kW TLP : full-scale 3-MW to 5-MW floating WT : worlds first 25-MW floating wind farm : 500-MW -1 GW commercial wind farms

23 Wind power integration offshore and onshore Operational approach: Forecasting of wind production Power limitation of wind farms Wind farm control for voltage and frequency stabalisation Grid expansion and reinforcement Introduction of storage systems Locally, at distribution and transmission network level Capacity of hours, days, weeks and months 23

24 Wind farm control system 50 MW field test Control of frequency / active power voltage / reactive power Different grid codes, e.g. dynamics desired values 24

25 Real-Time Test Bed for Wind Park Controllers Real-time simulator: modelling the wind field, wind park grid and wind turbines automatic testing of soft- and hardware of park controllers and communication system Test cases: Set point changes Grid voltage changes (symmetrical/ unsymmetrical) Frequency changes 25

26 Range of Storage solutions a 1 m Years Weeks/Month PHS SNG (PtG) SNG Discharge time [h] d 1 h Batteries CAES CAES Days H 2 0,1 0,01 Fly Wheels SMES Hours 0,001 1 kwh 10 kwh 100 kwh 1 MWh 10 MWh 100 MWh 1 GWh 10 GWh 100 GWh 1 TWh 10 TWh 100 TWh source: Specht et al, 2010 Storage capacity of different storage systems 26

27 ICAES System Isothermal Compressed Air Energy System Ca. 10MWh/4000m 2 Source: SustainX

28 Stored Energy in the Sea (StEnSea) Source: Hochtief, IWES

29 Stored Energy in the Sea (StEnSea) Source: Hochtief, IWES

30 Power to Gas (PtG) Functional principle: Electrolysis; Transformation to NG with the Sabatier Reaction 4H2 +CO2 CH4+2H2O Feed into natural gas grid

31 Power to Gas (PtG) Functional principle: 1. Electrolysis 2. Sabatier Reaction: 4H 2 +CO 2 CH 4 +2H 2 O 3. Feed into natural gas grid Application: (T-J) Long-Term chemical energy Storage High capacities (230TWh) with existing gas network infrastructure Source: M Specht, ZSW Status & Trend: Testplants from Solarfuel, ZSW, IWES, Audi, EWE 6MW Anlage till 2013 ( kW, kW) Synergies: CO 2 from biogas-plants F&E: Dynamic electrolysis Direct Methanisation of biogas > 500 h of test operation at IWES biogas plant successfull demonstration of the principle

32 Thank you for your attention