Aksel Gruelund Sørensen

Transcription

1 Aksel Gruelund Sørensen 1

2 1997 Offshore Action Plan Five offshore areas were pointed out Feasibility studies were made A demonstration project should be erected on each site A vision of 4,000 MW of offshore wind power in

3 Key Figures for Offshore Wind Farms (1997) Installed capacity Full-load hours (net) Investment per MW Capital costs per kwh O&M costs per kwh Læsø MW 3380 hours/year DKK 11.7 million DKK 0.28 DKK 0.08 Horns Rev MW 3530 hours/year DKK 11.7 million DKK 0.27 DKK 0.08 Total costs per kwh DKK 0.36 DKK

4 1998 Decrees The Danish Minister of Energy announced decrees Elsam/Eltra must build a farm at Horns Rev Elkraft must build a farm at Nysted 4

5 1998 Dividing the Decree Elsam as a production company - builds the offshore wind farm and the internal offshore network Eltra as a transmission company - builds the offshore platform and the transmission grid The borderline is the secondary side of the platform transformer 5

6 1998 Dividing the Decree Eltra s motive for owning offshore networks: - cables above 100 kv were needed - to integrate the offshore grid into the overall system - to secure equal access to offshore platforms 6

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8 Evaluation Offshore wind farms may replace onshore wind turbines in the future High utilisation time (>50% higher than onshore) Connection to the transmission grid (150 kv or 400 kv) As a result, Eltra and Elkraft initiated work on specifications for connecting wind farms to the transmission grid 8

9 Specifications - Philosophy to ensure the properties essential for the power system operation as regards security of supply, reliability and power quality in the short as well in the long run to ensure certain abilities in the wind farm for use at operation of the power system to transform the wind turbine into a wind power station 9

10 1999 Specification Rules Were Introduced Power and power control Frequencies Reative power compensation Voltage quality Stability requirements Protection Communication to/from the wind farm Verification and tests 10

11 How to Connect Horns Rev? 11

12 How to Connect Horns Rev? 12

13 How to Connect Horns Rev? 13

14 How to Connect Horns Rev? 14

15 How to Connect Horns Rev? 15

16 How to Connect Horns Rev? 16

17 How to Connect Horns Rev? 17

18 How to Connect Horns Rev? Gasrør Karlsgårde Endrup Lykkegård havmølleparker á ca. 150 MW område for udbygning af havmøller område hvor det ikke er muligt at lægge kabel Militærtskydeterræn km Råstofindvindningslokaliteter 18

19 How to Connect Horns Rev? 19

20 Conclusions Specifications for connecting wind farms to the transmission grid were made Integration of further offshore wind farms into the grid was considered The wind farm was commissioned on July 1, 2002 Now it is time for following up! 20