Genetics Table Simplified

Transcription

1 Genetics Table Simplified Parent s Names: and Kid s Name: Sex: Chr. # Gender Male Female Chr. # Trait Homozy. D. Heterozy. Homozy. R. X, Y XY XX 21 Freckles on Cheeks Present Present Absent Trait Homozy. D. Heterozy. Homozy. R. $$ $ $ $$ 1 Face Shape Round Round Square 7 Hair Type Curly Wavy Straight RR Rr rr WW Ww ww 3 Chin Shape Round Round Square 8 Widow's Peak Present Present Absent SS Ss ss PP Pp pp 5 Cleft Chin Cleft Cleft No Cleft 9 Eyebrow Thickness Thick Thick Thin CC Cc cc TT Tt tt 18 Lips: Thickness Thick Thick Thin 10 Eyebrow Placement Apart Apart Touching in Middle JJ Jj jj EE Ee ee 16 Dimples Dimples Dimples Absent 11 Eye Distance Apart Close Less Close Far Apart KK Kk kk OO Oo oo 19 Nose Size Big Medium Small 12 Eye Size Large Medium Small NN Nn nn II Ii ii 14 Nose Shape Rounded Rounded Pointed 13 Eye Shape Almond Almond Round UU Uu uu VV Vv vv 22 Earlobe Attachment Free Free Attached 15 Eyelashes ("Movie") Long Long short ZZ Zz zz MM Mm mm 20 Hairy Ears Present Present Absent 17 Mouth Width Wide Average Narrow DD Dd dd QQ Qq qq Very Very Light Skin Color 1,2,4 Very Very Dark Brown Very Dark Brown Dark Brown Medium Brown Light Brown Light Light Brown Brown Polygenic AAAAAA AAAAAa AAAaaa AAaaaa Aaaaaa Aaaaaa aaaaaa Hair Color 3,6,10, 18 Black Very Dark Brown Dark Brown Brown Light Brown Honey Blond Blond Very Light Blond VERY light! Platinum Polygenic HHHHHHHH HHHHHHH h HHHHHH hh HHHHH hhh HHHH hhhh HHH hhhh HH hhhhhh H hhhhhhh hhhhhhhh Eye Color 11,12 Dark Brown Brown Brown Brown Dark Blue Dark Blue light Blue light Blue Pale Blue Polygenic FFBB FFBb FFbb FfBB FfBb Ffbb ffbb ffbb ffbb

2 Group Names: and Date Record the outcomes of your chromosome drop. Chromosome 1: and Chromosome 2: and Chromosome 3: and Chromosome 4: and Chromosome 5: Chromosome 6: Chromosome 7: Chromosome 8: Chromosome 9: and Chromosome 10: and Chromosome 11: and Chromosome 12: and Chromosome 13: Chromosome 14: Chromosome 15: Chromosome16: Chromosome 17: Chromosome 18: and Chromosome 19: Chromosome 20: Chromosome 21: Chromosome 22: Chromosome 23 (circle the correct one): XX or XY

3 This Information taken from :

4 It s A Baby! Using Genetics to Identify Traits Model (this is a modeling tool- the traits are not really found on these chromosomes) It s a Girl! If your dropping of the genes resulted in two "XX" chromosomes turning face up, then you are the very lucky parents of a little girl. The Mom contributed one "X" and the Dad the other "X". It s a Boy! If your dropping of the genes resulted in an "Xy" combination of chromosomes turning face up, then you are the very lucky parents of a little boy. The Mom contributed one "X" and the Dad the "y" chromosome. Chromosome #1 contains the genetic information in a gene we will call "R". This information determines the general shape of the face. Place your baby's genotype for face shape in the data table. Skin color is determined by three sets of genes on chromosomes #'s 1, 2, and 4. The dominant genetic code, gene "A" translates into a protein called melanin. This dark pigment is like a natural UV blocker. The greater the number of dominant genes one has, the greater the amount of melanin, the darker the skin, and the more UV protection a person has. These genes have been selected for near the Earth's equator where the intense UV photons can cause a great deal of damage to lighter skin. Count up the number of dominant and recessive genes and place your baby's genotype for skin color in the data table. The hair color gene, like skin color, is polygenic. The same genetic code is found on chromosome #'s 3, 6, 10 and 18. This code translates into pigment which is incorporated into the hair as it is growing, the greater the number of dominant alleles, the darker the hair. Hair color varies from black to white. Count up the number of dominant and recessive genes and place your baby's genotype for hair color in the data table. Chromosomes #'s 11 and 12 contain Eye Color Genes: Darker eyes are produced in the presence of more active alleles. In this situation, the Capital letters (F or B) represent alleles which are active in depositing dark pigment. Lower case letters (f or b) represent alleles which deposit little pigment. To determine the color of the eyes, assume there are two gene pairs involved one of which codes for depositing pigment in the front of the iris, and the other codes for depositing pigment in the back of the iris. Determine the genotype of the first pair (FF,Ff,ff) and the second (BB,Bb,bb). If your genotype is in the first column then check your eye color in the second column. All information is compiled from the following sight:

5 It s A Baby! Using Genetics to Identify Traits Model (this is a modeling tool- the traits are not really found on these chromosomes) Chromosome #7 contains the genetic code for hair type. The "W" hair-making DNA codes for amino acids which contain a sulfur atom which causes cross links between amino acids in the hair... thus curly hair! Straight hair lacks the many sulfur amino acids and does not make as many cross links. Place your baby's genotype for hair type in the data table. Chromosome #8 contains the genetic code for Widow's Peak. If your baby has a dominant "P" then he or she will possess that trait. (Notice that there is a line through the recessive small p".) Place your baby's genotype for Widow's Peak in the data table. Chromosome #9 carries a gene for eyebrow thickness called "T". It works with complete dominance. Place your baby's genotype for eyebrows in the data table. Chromosome #10 has the gene for eyebrow placement. "E" separates and lack of "E" causes connected eyebrows. Place your baby's genotype for eyebrow placement in the data table. Chromosome #11 has the gene for eye placement. The dominant gene places the eyes close together, the recessive, far apart. Place your "baby's" genotype for eye placement in the data table. Chromosome #12, besides carrying one of the pigment genes for eye color, also carries the gene "I" for eye size. Place your "baby's" genotype for eye size in the data table. Chromosome #13 has the eye shape gene "V." Dominant genes code for almond shape and homozygous recessive is round. Place your baby's genotype for eye shape in the data table. Movie star eyelashes are found on chromosome #15. Dominant "M" genes place your kid on the way to stardom! Place your baby's genotype for eyelashes in the data table. All information is compiled from the following sight:

6 It s A Baby! Using Genetics to Identify Traits Model (this is a modeling tool- the traits are not really found on these chromosomes) Chromosome #17's "Q" gene controls the width of the mouth. The dominant gene imparts width. Place your baby's genotype for mouth width in the data table. Chromosome #18's gene "J" adjusts the thickness of the lips. Place your baby's genotype for fullness of lips in the data table. Chromosome #16 contains genetic information regarding the construction of dimples. Place your baby's genotype for dimples in the data table. Chromosome #19 contains genetic information regarding the construction of nose size. Place your baby's genotype for nose size in the data table. Your baby's nose shape is determined by a gene on chromosome #14. The allele "U" imparts a rounded shape to the nose. Place your baby's genotype for nose shape in the data table. Chromosome #22 carries the gene for free ears. The gene "Z" causes the earlobe to hang free at the side of the head. Place your baby's genotype for earlobe attachment in the data table. Chromosome #20 contains DNA information encoded in a gene called "D" for ear hair. This information, if in its dominant form, causes the ear to grow a large amount of fuzzy hair. Place your baby's genotype for hairy ears in the data table. Chromosome #21 contains a gene, "$" which causes uneven pigment to form in the cheek region. If "$" is present then your child will have cheek freckles. Place your baby's genotype for freckles in the data table. All information is compiled from the following sight: