and traffic in Demark and EU Trekanten, Center for Miljø, Copenhagen 11 th. May 2009 Lars Christian Larsen Dinex A/S Dinex Emission Technology A/S

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1 Air Pollution, CO 2 and traffic in Demark and EU Trekanten, Center for Miljø, Copenhagen 11 th. May 2009 Lars Christian Larsen Dinex A/S Dinex Emission Technology A/S Outline Emissions, Environment & Legislation Emission tecnologies DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) DOC+ / PMcat (Partial filter) DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) EGR (Exhaust Gas Re-circulation) Combined solutions for both OEM & retrofit Performance & compliance

2 Emissions (simplified chemistry) C x H y + (N 2 + O 2 ) C x H y N 2 O 2 H 2 O CO 2 NO NO 2 HC CO PM! (N 2 + O 2 ) + H 2 O+ CO 2 + (NO + NO 2 ) + HC + CO + (PM) Hydrocarbons Diesel: C 15 H 28 Nitrogen Oxygen Air: 79% N % O 2 Water Carbomonoxide Nitrogenoxide Nitrogendioxide Nitrogenoxides Hydrocarbons Legislated Carbonmonoxide OVKRAV Particle Mass NOx Emissions Eastern Europe/Far East Euro 2 and 3 USA EPA/07 PM EPA/10-12 NOx+PM Europe Euro 4/06 NOx Euro 5/08 NOx Euro 6/10-12 NOx+PM

3 EU-legislation for HDD Engines Oxidation catalyst (DOC) Chemical oxidation of CO and CH, and the SOF of PM 80-95% reduction af CH og CO DOC+ or PM cat an improved DOC with an efficiency rate of 30-50% DOC POC Flow direction

4 Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) PM & PN removed from the exhaust Ceramic monolith in most cases Some concepts combined with a catalytic coating; Catalysed Diesel Particulate Filter (CDPF) Efficiency rates of 80-99% of both PM and PN To be applied with different regeneration strategies Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Part of the exhaust gasses are re-circulated back into the air intake Up to 50% reduktion of Often in conjunction with EGR cooling device EGR can be used in conjunction with a DPF (Low pressure system) but high potential risk of failure

5 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Chemical reducion of via NH 3 Ammonia (NH 3 ) stored in as urea AdBlue Up to 90-95% reduction of 80-95% conversion/oxidation of HC og CO Some conversion of PM but not PN Several ways to the same goal Partikler Brændstofforbrug

6 Starting point & goals to acheive Partikler Euro3 Brændstofforbrug Euro4 Particle filter approach lav Partikler Partikelfilter Euro3 Brændstofforbrug Euro4

7 SCR-approach lav Partikler Partikelfilter Euro3 Brændstofforbrug Euro4 SCR lav PM The traditional approach lav Partikler Partikelfilter Motorudvikling Euro3 Brændstofforbrug Euro3+ Euro4 SCR lav PM

8 EGR-approach lav Partikler Partikelfilter Motorudvikling Euro3 Brændstofforbrug Euro3+ EGR + DOC Euro4 SCR lav PM Retrofit lav SCR Udgangspunkt Partikler Kombination Partikelfilter Mål lav PM

9 Technologies & approaches sumarised Particle filters removes PM & PN SCR reduces No x Combined solutions achieves both EuroIV og EuroV solutions are SCR or EGR EuroVI og Tier IV solutions might hopefully be DPF + SCR Regenerations strategier Unassisted DiPex CRT DiSiC + FBC AR diesel + DOC AR burner Exhaust gas temperature [ C]

10 Di 4-way catalyst DPF removes PM & PN Catalytic Coating oxidised CO/CH/PM SCR reduces 4-way solution for diesel engines Certified to Euro6 and EEV More than 250 installations in Holland, Sweden, Denmark and the UK Di Requierements Temperatur, opacity, lube oil, ULSD and service Space envelope SCR inoperational below 200 C in the exhaust, so efficiency rates heavily dependent on duty cycle % No x reduction possible

11 Di 4-way Catalyst Source: Report VTT-S ETG Diesel Particulate Filter Urea nozzle (injection) Temperature Sensor 1 (pre-catalyst) Level Sensor/ Suction lance DinLog Display NOx Sensor (Upstream) Back pressure Alarm box NOx Sensor 2 -optional (Downstream) Temperature Sensor 2 (post-catalyst) SCR Catalysts Urea tank Dosing unit

12 Arriva Copenhagen Partikelfiltre vs. Euro4/Euro5 Euro3 uden filter Euro4 med filter Euro5 med SCR (uden filter) Euro4 med filter er en faktor 100 bedre end Euro3 og Euro5 uden filter

13 Particle filters vs. Euro4/Euro5 Partikelfilter reducerer antallet af partikler 99,5% Euro 5 med SCR er 75 gange højere Particle Filtre vs. Euro4/Euro5 New Euro4 & Euro5 vehicles (w/o filter) are compliant with legislation and have low PM emissions But the amounts of ultrafine (PN) particles may be even higher than emissions from older vehicles and older engines with a retrofitted filter PN expected to part of EuroVI

14 Thank you for your attention

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