DRINKING WATER SOURCE ASSESSMENT for the Village of Cridersville PWS ID # December 2003

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1 DRINKIN WATER SOURCE ASSESSMENT for the Village of Cridersville PWS ID # December 2003 INTRODUCTION. The 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act establish a program for states to assess the drinking water source for all public water systems. Ohio s Source Water Assessment and Protection Program is designed to help public water systems protect their sources of drinking water from becoming contaminated. This assessment: < identifies the drinking water source protection area, based on the area that supplies water to the well(s); < inventories the potential contaminant sources in the area; < evaluates the susceptibility of the drinking water source to contamination; and < recommends protective strategies. The purpose of the assessment is to provide information that the Village of Cridersville can use to help protect its source of drinking water from contamination. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION & EOLOY. The Village of Cridersville is a community public water system serving 2391 people. The drinking water source protection area for Village of Cridersville was delineated by Floyd Browne Associates, Inc. and was endorsed by Ohio EPA on July 10, The consultant used Visual Modflow, a 3- dimensional numerical model, to delineate the protection area. More information on Village of Cridersville's protection area can be found in the report titled Delineation of the Zone of Capture Areas for the Village of Cridersville, Ohio dated May This system operates 4 wells that pump approximately 250,000 gallons of water per day from a sand and gravel (3 wells) aquifer (water-rich zone) and the carbonate bedrock (1 well) aquifer. According to the May 2003 report the aquifers are covered by 50 to 60 feet of lowpermeability material, which provides significant protection from contamination. The top of the sand and gravel aquifer is 50 to 60 feet below the ground surface. The top of the carbonate bedrock aquifer is 184 feet below the ground surface. Soils in the area are silt loams which are somewhat poorly drained, meaning that much of the rainfall and snowmelt will not infiltrate into the soil, instead it will run off or pond. The topography is generally nearly flat. round water in this area is replenished by the gradual flow of water underground from higher to lower elevations. At the Village of Cridersville wellfield, in the bedrock ground water flows generally toward the northwest, based on a potentiometric surface map completed by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. According to May 2003 report, Since we assumed the aquifer is confined, the static water level should be relatively flat throughout the area. PROTECTION AREA. The drinking water source protection area for the Village of Cridersville s well is illustrated in Figure 1. This figure shows two areas, one inside the other. The inner protection zone is the area that provides ground water to the Village of Cridersville s well within one year of pumping. A chemical spill in this zone poses a greater threat to the drinking water, so this area warrants more stringent protection. The outer protection zone is the additional area that contributes water when the well is pumped for five years. Together, they comprise the drinking water source protection area. The protection area for Village of Cridersville was delineated by Floyd Browne Associates, Inc. and was endorsed by Ohio EPA on July 10, The consultant used Visual Modflow, a 3- dimensional numerical model, to delineate the protection area. More information on Village of Cridersville's protection area can be found in the report titled Delineation of the Zone of Capture Areas for the Village of Cridersville, Ohio dated May 2003.

2 INVENTORY. On December 3, 2003, an inventory of potential contaminant sources located within the drinking water source protection area was conducted by the Ohio EPA. One potential source of contamination were identified within the protection area (see Figure 1). A facility or activity is listed as a potential contaminant source if it has the potential to release a contaminant, based on the kinds and amounts of chemicals typically associated with that type of facility or activity. It is beyond the scope of this assessment to determine whether any specific potential source is actually releasing (or has released) a contaminant to ground water. Also, the inventory is limited to what staff were able to observe on the day of the site visit. Therefore, the Village of Cridersville staff should be alert to the possible presence of potential sources of contamination that are not on this list. ROUND WATER QUALITY. A review of the Village of Cridersville s water quality record currently available in the Ohio EPA s drinking water compliance database did not reveal any evidence of chemical contamination at levels of concern in the aquifer. Please note that this water quality evaluation has some limitations: 1) The data evaluated is for treated water samples only, as the Ohio EPA s quality requirements are for the water being provided to the public, not the water before treatment. 2) Sampling results for coliform bacteria and naturally-occurring inorganics (other than arsenic) were not evaluated for this assessment, because they are not a reliable indicator of aquifer contamination. Current information on the quality of the treated water supplied by the Village of Cridersville s Public Water System is available in the Consumer Confidence Report for the system, which is distributed annually. It reports on detected contaminants and any associated health risks from data collected during the past five years. Consumer Confidence Reports are available from the Village of Cridersville. SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS. This assessment indicates that the Village of Cridersville s source of drinking water has a low susceptibility to contamination due to: < presence of a thick protective layer of clay overlying the aquifer, < significant depth (over 50 feet below ground surface) of the aquifer, < no evidence to suggest that ground water has been impacted by any significant levels of chemical contaminants from human activities, and < no apparent significant potential contaminant sources in the protection area. This susceptibility means that under currently existing conditions, the likelihood of the aquifer becoming contaminated is relatively low. This likelihood can be minimized by implementing appropriate protective measures. This susceptibility analysis is subject to revision if new potential contaminant sources are sited within the protection area, or if water sampling indicates contamination by a manmade contaminant source. PROTECTIVE STRATEIES. Each public water supplier can take a few simple steps to protect the drinking water source. The attached checklist identifies strategies for protecting your drinking water source from the potential contaminant sources located on your property. The Ohio EPA encourages all parties to work together to address water quality concerns and help protect Ohio's valuable drinking water resources. Please take a few minutes to review the checklist. Then: < Place a checkmark in the box next to the protective strategies that could be implemented within your Village. < If a possible protective strategy is not appropriate or applicable to your facility, please mark N/A next to the strategy. < If a strategy is already in place, check the box and indicate in the date column approximately when the strategy was implemented. < Select those strategies you plan to implement and note in the date column when you plan to carry out these strategies. When complete, please send a copy of the checklist to Richard Kroeger at Ohio EPA,

3 DDAW-NWDO, 347 North Dunbridge Road, Bowling reen, OH or fax at The Ohio EPA staff will review this checklist with you during a future site visit or phone call. For additional information or assistance, please contact the Ohio EPA at or toll-free at ext BIBLIORAPHY Floyd Browne Associates, Inc., 2003, Delineation of the Zone of Capture Areas for the Village of Cridersville, Ohio Wellfield. Ohio EPA public drinking water files. Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 1970, round Water for Planning in Northwest Ohio - A Study of the Carbonate Rock Aquifers, Report No. 22. Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2000, lacial Aquifer Map (digital). Ohio EPA, 2002, Drinking Water Source Protection Area Delineation uidelines & Process Manual, Draft (February, 2002). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Survey of Auglaize County, Ohio.

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5 Protective Strategies Checklist for the Village of Cridersville PWS ID # Address: Contact Name: Phone: Please note the protective strategies in this checklist are recommended best management practices for the potential contaminant sources identified during your inventory and is not a comprehensive list of the strategies that can be used to minimize the potential for contamination. Local ordinances and state and federal regulations may also apply to the potential contaminant sources that appear in this checklist. Ohio EPA recommends that you become familiar with the requirements of any ordinances and regulations that may apply. Ohio EPA can also provide assistance with education and training activities. OFF-SITE POTENTIAL sources located off the ENERAL PROTECTIVE STRATEIES Take opportunities to inform neighbors about drinking water source protection. Contact local elected officials (trustees, council members, commissioners) about issues that may impact drinking water protection areas. ON-SITE POTENTIAL ENERAL PROTECTIVE STRATEIES Well Construction Install backflow prevention devices on equipment such as boilers and dishwashers. Replace loose, cracked, or missing well caps with new, insect and vermin proof, vented well caps. Ensure proper construction of new wells. (Could we give more here - i.e., no depression or gaps around the well casing?) Education Inform employees about the protection area and the potential contaminant sources identified in the report. Train employees on proper material handling and spill cleanup techniques.

6 ENERAL PROTECTIVE STRATEIES (Continued) ABOVEROUND STORAE TANKS (ASTs) Contingency and Emergency Planning Identify any short- and long-term alternative sources of drinking water that may be available. Prepare a list of important contacts for water supply related emergencies. Contact the local fire department and local emergency planning committee about the location of the drinking water source protection area. Place tanks on paved surfaces within secondary containment structures (berms, dikes, liners, or vaults that can hold 110% of the contents of the largest tank) or use double walled tanks. Remove and properly dispose any rainwater that accumulates in the secondary containment area. Perform preventive maintenance on the storage tanks and piping systems to detect potential leaks before they occur. Train employees on proper material handling and spill cleanup techniques. Install spill and overflow protection. Use dry clean-up methods rather than hosing fueling and loading areas down. Store absorbent cleaning materials in a readily accessible location. Cover fueling areas to reduce exposure to storm water. Inspect storage areas (fueling and loading areas) to detect problems before they occur. Keep storage areas secure against unauthorized entry. Locate ASTs as far as possible from wells, surface water bodies and storm drains. ARICULTURAL CHEMICALS Do not mix or load agricultural chemicals near water wells, drains, or surface water bodies. Mix and load chemicals and rinse equipment on a containment pad. Clean up chemical spills (even small ones) immediately. Have absorbent spill material (cat litter, sawdust, etc.) available when mixing and loading. Minimize container and equipment cleanup needs by mixing only enough product for the job at hand. Rinse product containers immediately after use, capturing all rinse water for proper disposal. Participate in container recycling programs for empty containers. Properly dispose of rinsed pesticide containers that cannot be refilled or recycled.

7 BULK LIQUID STORAE (DRUMS) BULK MATERIAL STORAE (INCLUDES ROAD SALT & YARD CHEMICALS) CHEMICAL STORAE AREAS (INDOOR) Store drums in a paved area surrounded by a dike system or on spill pallets to provide containment. Use dry clean-up methods and keep absorbent materials in an easily accessible location. Train employees on proper material handling and spill cleanup techniques. Inspect storage areas to detect potential leaks and perform preventive maintenance. Inspect the external condition of the containers. Ensure that lids are shut and caps are closed on all containers. Use temporary containment where required, such as portable drip pans. Use spill troughs for drums with taps. Inspect piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, valves) for failures or leaks. Keep bulk liquid containers as far as possible from wells, drains, streams, lakes, ponds, and other surface water bodies. Move chemical storage as far from wells, drains, and surface water bodies as possible. Cover storage piles with a roof or tarp. Install berms around outdoor storage piles. Store bulk materials on an paved surface which would prevent or minimize materials from leaching into the ground below. Move chemical storage as far from wells as possible. Store fuel, paints, and solvents in a protected, secure location away from floor and storm drains. Ensure that lids are shut and caps are closed on all containers. Educate personnel for proper storage, use, cleanup, and disposal of materials. Employ measures to protect against spillage, such as using drip pans during the transfer of liquids. Inspect shelving annually and replace or repair as needed. Inspect the external condition of the containers. Store containers no more than 2 rows deep with large containers in back. Store large and heavy containers on lower shelves. Maintain enough space between containers so that you can remove one without knocking others over. Store chemicals in an area where spills can be easily monitored, contained, and cleaned up.

8 CROP LAND Select pesticides that are labeled for the intended application site. Reduce pesticide use by alternating crops and practicing alternative farming methods. Consider the location of wells, lakes, ponds, streams, and sink holes when applying pesticides or fertilizer. Avoid applying pesticides and fertilizers near wells, lakes, ponds, streams, and sink holes. Take measures to prevent spills while mixing and applying chemicals. Consider the impact of weather and irrigation before application. DUMPS/DUMPIN AREAS Recycle waste materials if it is practical and environmentally safe. Properly dispose of trash, non-repairable items, and other refuse. Store trash, non-repairable items, and other refuse in containers or contained areas prior to disposal. Segregate wastes to allow for easier disposal and recycling. Clean up existing dumps. DUMPSTERS Move dumpsters as far from wells as possible. Place dumpsters in a paved area. Recycle waste materials if it is feasible and environmentally safe. Segregate wastes to allow for easier recycling. ELECTRIC SUBSTATIONS Place oil-filled electric equipment in a paved area surrounded by a dike system to provide containment. Perform preventive maintenance on the oil-filled electric equipment to detect potential leaks before they occur. Train employees on proper equipment maintenance and spill cleanup techniques. Use drip pans under equipment waiting for maintenance. Clean up chemical spills (even small ones) immediately.

9 FERTILIZER AND PESTICIDE STORAE Move chemical storage as far from wells, drains, and surface water bodies as possible. Store fertilizers and pesticides in a protected, secure location away from storm and floor drains. Store fertilizers and pesticides on paved surfaces. Ensure that lids are shut and caps are closed on all containers. Educate personnel for proper storage, use, cleanup, and disposal of materials; and the location of any spill response equipment. Employ measures to protect against spillage, such as using drip pans during the transfer of liquids. Inspect shelving annually and replace or repair as needed. Inspect the external condition of the containers. Store containers no more than 2 rows deep with large containers in back. Store large and heavy containers on lower shelves. Maintain enough space between containers so that you can remove one without knocking others over. FLOOR DRAINS Store fuel, paints, and solvents in a protected, secure location away from drains. Avoid washing grease, oil, or chemicals into floor drains. Clean up chemical spills (even small ones) immediately. Have spill material (cat litter or sawdust) available. Train employees on proper spill cleanup. Determine whether or not floor drains connect to a septic system surface water. If the drain is connected to a septic system and is located in an area that could receive leaks and spills, the drain should be plugged during chemical handling operations, or may need to be permanently closed. LAWN CHEMICALS Select lawn chemicals that are labeled for the intended application site and break down rapidly in the environment. Consider the location and condition of wells when applying pesticides or fertilizer. Take measures to prevent spills while mixing and applying chemicals. Leave untreated areas around wells, streams, storm drains, ponds, and sink holes. LEAKIN UNDERROUND STORAE TANKS Check the status of any cleanup with the Bureau of Underground Storage Tank Regulations at (614)

10 NATURAL AS LINES (RESIDENTIAL) NATURAL AS PIPELINES Monitor for any potential leaks. Conduct proper routine maintenance of lines. Monitor for any drips of oil from joints or low points in the lines. If any are noted, contact your natural gas supplier. Other protection strategies: Notify the pipeline operator about the drinking water source protection area. OIL & AS WELLS Contact the Ohio Department of Natural Resources about abandoned wells in the area. Install safeguards (such as diking or berming) against accidental releases at the storage area. Inspect storage tanks and piping systems to detect potential leaks and perform preventive maintenance. Ensure proper construction of new wells. PARKIN AREAS Use dry clean-up methods rather than hosing the parking areas. Control storm water flow on parking lots by grading or paving the area away from wells. Avoid using road salt for snow/ice removal; substitute with sand or gravel. PESTICIDE/ FERTILIZER USE SANITARY SEWER LINES Select pesticides that are labeled for the intended application site. Avoid applying pesticides and/or fertilizers within the immediate vicinity of the well(s). Take measures to prevent spills while mixing and applying chemicals. Consider the impact of weather and irrigation before application. Leave untreated areas around wells, streams and sink holes. Notify the sewer district about the drinking water source protection area.

11 SEPTIC SYSTEMS Have your septic tank inspected annually to ensure that the internal structures are in good working order and to monitor the scum level. Have tank pumped out by a licensed professional. Do not dispose of grease, oil, or chemicals in the septic system. arbage disposals should not be used with septic systems. Avoid septic system additives or cleaners that contain hazardous ingredients. Only use normal amounts of detergents, bleaches, drain cleaners, household cleaners and other products. Divert roof runoff, drains and other surface runoff away from the leachfield. Reduce the amount of water that flows through the system by practicing water conservation, such as using water-saving devices and repairing leaky plumbing. Look for signs of septic system failure. Consider replacing old or outdated systems and removing unused systems. Keep vehicles and other heavy objects off of the leach field and lines. Follow manufacturers guidelines for operation and maintenance of the system. This is particularly for systems with aeration tanks. SPILLS Clean up chemical spills (even small ones) immediately. Have absorbent spill material (cat litter, sawdust, etc.) available. Train employees on proper spill cleanup. STORM DRAINS Avoid washing grease, oil, or chemicals into storm drains. Clean up chemical spills (even small ones) immediately. Keep absorbent spill materials (cat litter or sawdust) readily available. Determine whether or not storm drains drain to surface water (river or retention pond) or to the ground (drainage well). If the storm drain drains to the ground and is located in a loading area or other areas that could receive leaks and spills, the drain should be plugged during loading or unloading operations. SURFACE WATER BODIES (INCLUDES PONDS RECEIVIN RUNOFF) Leave a buffer strip of grass or other vegetation around surface water bodies. Properly maintain retention ponds. Do not use pesticides and fertilizers in buffer strips around surface water bodies. Do not store liquid or bulk materials near surface water bodies.

12 TRANSPORTATION / TRANSPORTATION RELATED SPILLS UNDERROUND STORAE TANKS Post the telephone number of the local fire department near telephones. Contact the local fire department and local emergency planning committee about the location of the drinking water source protection area. Reduce the use of road salt. Install spill and overflow protection. Ensure that your tanks are in compliance with leak detection requirements. Perform preventive maintenance on storage tank systems to detect potential leaks before they occur. Train employees on proper material handling and spill cleanup techniques. Use dry clean-up methods rather than hosing the fuel area down. rade the fueling area so storm water runs off instead of standing in this area. Cover the fueling area to reduce exposure to storm water. Inspect the fueling area to detect problems before they occur. Maintain accurate inventory records for USTs, if deliveries do not match product used it may indicate a leak and the tank should be inspected. UTILITY SHEDS Move chemical storage as far from wells as possible. Ensure that lids are shut and caps are closed on all containers. Employ measures to protect against spillage such as using drip pans during the transfer of liquids. Educate personnel for proper storage, use, cleanup, and disposal of materials.