Potential opportunities in clean energy technology for Kangaroo Island

Transcription

1 Potential opportunities in clean energy technology for Kangaroo Island Delivering innovative technologies for a clean energy future Contributors Rob Dickinson, Peter Ashman, Bassam Dally, Nesimi Ertugrul, Jordan Parham, Andrew George, Jessica Tai Professor Gus Nathan Centre for Energy Technology

2 The Centre for Energy Technology Established team 40 staff (academic & research) 50 postgraduate students Multi-disciplinary Engineering & Sciences Strong links with industry 70 recent consultancies 8 recent patents Strong Research outputs > 100 Journal papers p.a. Significant budget Approx $8m p.a. (external) Slide 1

3 CET key priority areas 1. Hybrid Solar Thermal Energy Technologies Hybrid receivers, solar fuels, novel cycles 2. Novel Wind Power Technologies Noise control, infrasound & vertical axis 3. Alternative Fuels micro-algae & transport fuels 4. Combustion technology MILD combustion, gasification, soot 5. Energy Storage and Management Techno-economics, novel materials, hydrogen Slide 2

4 Previous Assessments relating to Kangaroo Island Three Honours projects undertaken for KI options: Wind + H2 / Battery + gen-set, Cape Willoughby (George & Tai; 2011) Wind + H2 / Battery + gen-set, Penneshaw data estimated (Lim & Kueh, 2012) 2014 aiming to use real mast data at Penneshaw Approach: Dynamic model with 12 years of wind data (30 min) BoM Supplemented by short term mast data (2014) Techno-economic assessment Slide 3

5 Objective of Visit: To engage Centre for Energy Technology Start the conversation Identify potential opportunities for partnership Slide 4

6 Potential opportunities for KI in high value innovative technologies Innovative technologies in Network Augmentation Capiltalise on recent advances in storage and smart grids Likely to be cheaper than new poles and wires Innovative technologies in Power generation Wind / hydrogen augmentation of existing grid Likely to be much cheaper than new under-sea cable or diesel Innovative technologies in transport fuels Integrated Wind / hydrogen power and fuel Strong potential for viability and will provide security Slide 5

7 Potential to lower cost through partnership developing solutions of broad relevance Capitalise on the globally high value of these solutions Develop innovative solutions from commercial components Learning can be exported to other locations Kangaroo Island has potential to participate in this: Mutually beneficial partnerships are needed to attract investment End users System integrators Monitoring and evaluation Slide 6

8 Long Term Drivers for Clean Energy Carbon Abatement Energy Security Investment in Clean Energy Technology Pollution Reduction International competitiveness Slide 7 Adapted from: Wyld group, 2008

9 Global Growth in Renewable Energy Global investment in renewable energy $b.pa Source: Bloomberg New Finance, 2012 Slide 8 Global Renewable Energy Supply Source: IEA, 2013

10 Challenge of renewables and KI are similar Variable supply stretches the grid Time history of Wind generation and demand in SA Slide 9 Source: ESIPC, 2008

11 Options to accommodate intermittent and variable resources Increased cycling of base-load and peaking plant Increases losses and O&M costs Increased Interconnection Requires significant investment during times of high power prices Increased demand management, e.g. Smart Grids Emerging opportunity, requires investment Increased energy storage Emerging opportunity, presently limited by technology and cost Hybridisation Reduces system installed capacity and cycling These are not mutually exclusive all can have a role Slide 10

12 Challenge = Opportunity Good Renewable Energy Resources: Confluence of good solar, wind, ocean and geothermal resource Constrained Electrical Grid: Sparse population density Interconnection to National Grid only 10% capacity High value for alternative solutions: Energy Storage Conversion of electricity to fuels such as H 2 and CNG Slide 11

13 The path is the goal Centre for Energy Technology Clean energy The path is the goal! Identify systems that are economically attractive Identify where the opportunities are greatest each location has its own unique combination Slide 12

14 SA A region of globally high value for energy storage Cumulative probability distributions of demand by region Source: Dickinson, Nathan, Ashman, Applied Energy, in preparation SA also has globally high combination of high wind power & constrained grid Slide 13

15 Energy Storage The next wave of technology after solar PV Penetration of Storage (SA Power Networks) 23,000 Australian jobs in renewable energy in 2012 (CEC) Slide 14

16 Drivers for Energy Storage technologies Managing the transition between energy sources: Buffering responses to rapid change in supply (e.g. PV & cloud) Managing Power quality: Buffering rapid changes to supply and demand Buffering load in stretched grid e.g. at extremities Load shifting: Short term: 1-2 hours Long term: hours to days Demand shifting (smart controls): Control of timing of load to match supply Deferring upgrades for transmission infrastructure: Increasing capacity to manage peaks in transmission Slide 15

17 Roles for storage in Electrical Power Systems Slide 16 Ref: Sandia National Laboratory

18 Long-duration flywheels Centre for Energy Technology Energy Storage Technology Map Metal-air batteries Flow batteries Pump hydro High-energy supercapacitor NaS batteries Hydrogen CAES Lead-acid batteries NiCd Li-Ion Other advance batteries High-power flywheel High-power supercap SMES The map of storage technologies functionally suited to power utility applications Slide 17

19 Proposed Mobile Energy Storage Test Unit Fully functional mobile energy storage system to demonstrate energy storage systems in real applications. Designed for connection with AC grids and Off-Grid operation; Road transportable by tow vehicle or flatbed truck; Storage systems bays for various energy storage technologies; Fully equipped on-site and on-line monitoring and logging systems. AC Grid or Off-Grid User Interface Lithium based battery storage Power elec converters System monitoring and comm interfaces (on-site and on-line) Dynamic loads Expansion for other energy storage systems: eg. other batteries, fuel cell, flywheels Energy management system for onboard devices and other external generation Slide 18 External connections for monitoring larger storage systems and other sources (diesel, PV etc.)

20 Financial Partners (Committed) Cash Support In-kind Support Status Project Lead University of Adelaide Platinum Partners $50,000 $1,900,000 Estimated Solar Storage $250,000 - Confirmed SA Power Networks $250,000 $150,000 est. Under negotiation Gold Partners Ecoult - $ ,000 est. Under negotiation Silver Partners ZEN - $100,000 Under negotiation Prospective partners (x2) $50,000 each Under discussion Slide TOTAL 19 $550,000 $ M

21 Slide 20 Centre for Energy Technology Potential opportunities on supply side KI s under-sea cable electricity supply is aging: Cost of replacement estimated to be $70m KI also has an excellent wind resource and good solar: However these are intermittent, so require storage or back-up Wind is the lowest cost source, but requires good grid connection New data from Penneshaw will allow this to be evaluated properly 100% Renewable energy is possible, but will not be cheapest: Would require significant grid augmentation & large storage New energy storage technologies are emerging (batteries/h 2 ) These offer new possibilities, but must be carefully chosen Hybrid systems are likely to be the cheapest: Wind / H 2 / gen-sets Distributed power: solar / battery is likely to play a growing role Augmenting cable with wind/h 2 likely to be a no-regrets option

22 Current Grid Eastern KI Centre for Energy Technology Slide 21 SA Power Network: Distribution Annual Planning Report

23 Current & Forecasted Electrical Demand SA Power Network: Distribution Annual Planning Report 2013 Slide 22

24 Back-up Gen-sets Back up generation is needed because: Peak capacity =10MW, but 20% losses in transmission Power outages have been too high (Essential Services commission) Back up Diesel Gen-sets (3 2MW, Caterpillar, Low emission 3516B) Provide supplementary power Not presently designed for continuous operation Could be adapted to operate with hydrogen Slide 23

25 Estimated wind resource in SA at 80m Renewable SA : Wind Resource Mapping SA 2012 Slide 24

26 Classes of wind resource Centre for Energy Technology Busby, R.L. Wind Power, 2012 Slide 25

27 Best estimates show that: Penneshaw has good wind resource Slide 26

28 Proposed wind farm at Penneshaw by Island Energy, supported by RDA Penneshaw Substation Potential wind-farm site Island Energy: Slide 27

29 Issues to address in viability assessment Measured time-series is needed at hub height: Power depends on velocity cubed; Variability has big impact on viability; Method to accommodate variability is needed Back-up and/or storage Systems to maintain power quality Model is needed to calculate size / cost and payback Needs to account for periods of low resource availability Best approach is to model capacity based on historic data Slide 28

30 Selection of Hydrogen for Commodity storage Best options for commodity storage are: Hydro-power if available (not relevant to KI) Compressed air if underground caverns are available Hydrogen Key advantages of hydrogen: Commercially available at suitable scale Lower cost than batteries Can be utilised in Internal Combustion Engine or fuel cell However, cost of batteries is coming down: May become competitive in 5 10 years Slide 29

31 Results from our model studies for wind + storage in Kangaroo Island Three Honours projects undertaken for KI options: Wind + H2 / Battery + gen-set, Cape Willoughby (George & Tai; 2011) Wind + H2 / Battery + gen-set, Penneshaw data estimated (Lim & Kueh, 2012) 2014 aiming to use real mast data at Penneshaw Key characteristics: Cable capacity: 10 MW Diesel Gen sets: 5.4 MW Approach: Dynamic model with 12 years of wind data (30 min) BoM Supplemented by short term mast data (2014) Slide 30 Techno-economic assessment

32 Rectifier Transformer Inverter Transformer Li-ion Battery Battery storage option Centre for Energy Technology Fuel Dump Slide 31

33 Rectifier Electrolyser Hydrogen storage option Centre for Energy Technology Fuel Dump H 2 Tank Electrolysis with H 2 storage offers: Sharing of infrastructure - H 2 can be burned in Gen. Set. Marginal cost for additional storage capacity Slide 32

34 System Model (2012) Centre for Energy Technology Slide 33

35 Approach to calculating performance wind-turbine output power curve Dynamic charge / discharge Slide 34

36 Key Findings Hydrogen option cost effective for large storage slightly more economic than battery for this case Fuel cells unattractive because of increased Cap-Ex Renewable component is attractive in this case: Much more attractive than cable upgrade Payback in saved diesel fuel estimated to be 2 years Key performance of preferred system: Total renewable share: 72% Fraction of energy from hydrogen: 32% Carbon emissions offset: 1.7m tonnes pa Slide 35

37 Key Findings An 8MW, 4 turbine system with 90MW.hr storage: Estimated cost of $118 / MW.hr using gen-sets Competitive with diesel gen-set system Displace 60% of power imported via cable Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 22,000 t.p.a Could be integrated to also supply fuel to buses: More turbines likely to be needed, depending on capacity Slide 36

38 Current Assessments Plan to utilise real data for Penneshaw Mast: Correlate with BOM data at other sites to get 12 year estimates Will allow reliable estimates of performance Opportunity to reduce load on under-sea cable: Supplement rather than replace the cable Extend the life of the under-sea cable Opportunity to generate H 2 as transport fuel: Bus fleet in first instance Long term energy security Reliable cost estimates require formal quotations Analysis could be used as a basis for specifications Slide 37

39 Final Comments Centre for Energy Technology Strong potential to develop hybrid renewable supply: likely to be cheaper than new cable could be used to extend life of current cable Potential opportunity to attract investment in network augmentation through storage technologies: high global value of storage solutions value is greatest where need is greatest Mutually beneficial partnerships can attract resources to generate ongoing solutions to meet challenges: technology providers end users monitoring and analysis Slide 38

40 Delivering innovative technologies for a clean energy future Thankyou