Installing Solar Panels on your Home Fred Michel
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1 Installing Solar Panels on your Home Fred Michel Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Ohio State University Michel Residence Wooster, OH The American Way of Life is NON NEGOTIABLE! Dick Cheney Question: Can the American Way of Life be fueled by renewable energy and be Carbon neutral? 1
2 Our Family s Fossil (non renewable) Energy Use 29,805 kg CO2/yr Flights 15% Heat 10% Hot Water 3% Mower 0.2% Lawn Fertilizer 0.06% Gas Grill 0.08% Autos 38% Electricity 34% 930 kwh/mo PV Life Cycle Analysis Over their lifetime, solar panels generate 9 17 times the energy required to produce them. Depending on the type technology, the clean energy payback of a PV system ranges from 1 to 4 years. 100% of solar electricity is produced emissions free. Factoring in the emissions due to production of the solar panels, 87 97% of the energy produced by PV systems will be free of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the national energy grid mix, producing 1,000 kwh of solar electricity reduces emissions by nearly 8 pounds of sulfur dioxide, 5 pounds of nitrogen oxides, and more than 1,400 pounds of CO2. Using the existing transmission and distribution grid system eliminates the need for power storage devices. Knapp, K.E., & Jester, T.L. (2000). An Empirical Perspective on the Energy Payback Time for Photovoltaic Modules. Available at National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). (n.d.). Energy Payback: Clean Energy from PV. Available at 2
3 4.1 kw PV System, Wooster, OH kwh 3
4 SUMMARY TO DATE Total Grid 698 kwh Total PV 1057 kwh Total use 1754 kwh Average use per month 666 kwh/mo Average use per day 22.2 kwh/d Solar% 60% Grid% 40% System size for 100% solar kw Energy Price $/kwh Annual Savings $ Ohio PV System Costs 4.01 kw PV system $ 31, kW 4.01 PV Installed dsystem Cost $ (11,548) State Grant ($3.00 per watt) $ (6,483) Federal Tax Credit (1/3 of unreimbursed costs) $ 12,967 Net cost 10 Year Returns $ 4,570 Electric Bill savings (0.10 $/kwh) $ 13,710 Solar Renewable Energy Credits ($300/SREC) $ 9,139 Home value increase ($20 x Energy Savings/yr) $ (19,934) Total Return After 10 years (equals 5.5% ROI) 4
5 Ohio Department of Development (ODOD) Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Grant Program $3 per Watt ($25,000 max) payment to solar system installer Approved system installer applies for and receives the grant The home must be a primary residence Must be a customer of a investor owned utility AEP, First Energy, Duke, Dayton Power and Light Systems must be grid tied and of at least 2 kw capacity. Systems must be evaluated by a Solar Site Analysis Report. System components must be new and must meet minimum warranty requirements. The system must be installed by an Eligible NAHCP Installer. Federal Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit Federal taxpayer may claim a tax credit of 30% of the unreimbursed costs of a solar electric system Must serve a dwelling used as a residence by the taxpayer. Expenditures include labor costs for onsite preparation, assembly or original system installation, and for piping or wiring to interconnect a system to the home If the federal tax credit exceeds tax liability, the excess amount may be carried forward to the succeeding tax year No maximum credit. 5
6 Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) Ohio Renewable Portfolio Standard House Bill 1 EN Requires 25 percent of Ohio's energy must be generated from alternative and renewable sources, 12.5% from renewables and One half percent (0.5%) from solar. One half of renewables (6.25%) must be located in Ohio Utility non compliance penalty is $450 per SREC, $40 per REC Must apply to PUCO to be a solar energy generating gfacility SRECs must be registered and tracked by either the PJM GATS or MISO MRETS system. OH SRECs are tradeable in OH, NC, DC, PA. PV Inverter Meter and ANSI 12.1 certified meter 6
7 Solar Municipal Financing Ohio House Bill 1 EN Expands existing special improvement district law by authorizing local municipalities and townships to create special energy improvement districts that offer property owners financing to install photovoltaic (PV) or solarthermal systems on real property. Net cost of solar installation is repaid through an increased property tax assessment over ~20 years. Reduces upfront costs for PV or solar thermal to $0 2.0 kw PV System Net Cost $7,292, 10 year return $8,991 7
8 2.5 kw PV System in Chardon, OH Net Cost $8,458, 10 year return $11, kw PV ground array Blanchester, OH Net Cost $12,261, 10 year Return $21,533 8
9 4.5 kw PV barn mounted array Emmaus, PA 5.4 kw PV system in York, PA 9
10 6.3kW PV system Mason, OH Net cost $15,756, 10 year return $33, kw PV system Limerick, PA 10
11 7.2 kw PV system in East Fallow, PA 7.6 kw Barn Mounted System Carlisle, PA 11
12 7.8 kw Solar PV system Spring Grove, PA 8.4 kw Solar PV system Perkasie, PA 12
13 10.5 kw PV Array, Kent, OH Net Cost $20,601, 10 year return $58, kw PV and Solar Thermal Lexington, Kentucky 13
14 15.6 kw PV system Royersford, PA 14
15 18.3 kw PV system Lebanon, PA 20.9 kw PV system Plymouth Meeting, PA 15
16 Conclusion Now is the best time to install PV on your home SRECs will end once RPS are met in ~10 years Federal tax credits expire in 2016 State Reimbursement uncertain after 2 3 years Electricity costs likely to rise substantially in future 10 year ROI is equal to earning 5 6% interest OUR FAMILY CARBON FOOTPRINT Yesterday Today Tomorrow Flights 15% Heat 10% Hot Water 3% Mower 0.2% Lawn Fertilizer 0.06% Gas Grill 0.08% Heat Hot Water 16% 5% Mower Flights 0.04% 12% Heat 53% Gas Grill 0.12% Electricity 11% Hot Water 5% Electricity 0% Autos 16% Flights 26% Autos 38% Electricity 34% Autos 56% 16
17 Our Family s Fossil (non renewable) Energy Use (CO 2 kg/yr) Yesterday Today Tomorrow Electricity Autos Flights Heat Hot Water Mower Gas Grill Lawn Fertilizer SUM
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