Hypothesis Testing & Data Analysis. Statistics. Descriptive Statistics. What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Hypothesis Testing & Data Analysis. Statistics. Descriptive Statistics. What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?"

Transcription

1 2 Hypothesis Testing & Data Analysis 5 What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics? Statistics 8 Tools to help us understand our data. Makes a complicated mess simple to understand. Descriptive Statistics: Sums up the data. Describe basic characteristics of the data. Inferential Statistics: Use to infer relationships or to make predictions. 9 Descriptive Statistics

2 10 Describe our data Central tendency Mean, median, mode Spread/Variability Range, variance, standard deviation Shape Skewness 11 Inferential Statistics Hypothesis testing 12 The process of determining an answer to a question through probability estimation. Let s say you think that science majors are smarter than English majors. How would you test this hypothesis? John is a science major with an IQ score of 115. Jack is an English major with an IQ score of 105. Science majors are smarter than English majors. What about means? 13 Suppose we give IQ tests to 5 Science majors and 5 English majors and obtain the following IQ scores: Science majors: 110, 105, 98, 120, 115 English majors: 100, 95, 101, 113, 99 The mean is higher for science majors (109.6) than for English majors (101.6) Science majors are smarter than English majors.

3 Why means are not enough 14 How would we decide if a difference is real? 109 vs vs vs Real differences cannot be proven with certainty. Impossible to sample every Science and English major. Statistical tests can tell us how probable it is that the difference is real. Null Hypothesis Testing 15 How does science prove something? Prove that the opposite is false -- the foundation of null hypothesis testing. The null hypothesis (Ho) suggests that there is no difference between 2 or more conditions -- the IV has no effect on the DV. Reject the null to support your alternative hypothesis (H1). Formulating your hypothesis 16 Question: Are science majors smarter than English majors? What is the Ho & H1? Ho: Science majors and English majors have the same level of intelligence. H1: Science majors and English majors have different levels of intelligence. The all-important p-value 17 Are science majors smarter than English majors? Science majors: 110, 105, 98, 120, 115 English majors: 100, 95, 101, 113, 99 MScience = , SD = 8.56 MEnglish = 101.6,0 SD = 6.77 t(8) = 1.64, p =.14 What does this p-value mean?

4 18 What does p =.14 mean? 1. If H 1 is true, the chance of obtaining these data is 14%. 2. If H 0 is true, the chance of obtaining these data is 14%. 3. If the same study is conducted again with a different sample of the same size, the likelihood of replication is 14%. 4. Based on these data, there is an 86% chance that the H1 is true. 5. Based on these data, there is an 86% chance that the H0 is true. 6. There is a 14% probability that the data you obtained are due to chance What does it mean when you perform a statistical analysis and your p-value is.03? 27 Given these data, the probability that the null is true is 3%. Given that the null is true, the probability of obtaining these data is 3%.

5 How to reject the null? 28 Ho: µscience = µenglish H1: µscience µenglish Null hypothesis testing tells you the probability that you will obtain the pattern of results in your sample if the null is true. If this likelihood is very small, then we abandon the assumption that the null is true -- reject null. A significant result 29 A result is significant if its likelihood of occurrence is less than α when we assume Ho is true. What is α? The probability that you deem acceptable to make an error while rejecting the null. The conventional value of α is.05. Statistical Decision Making 30 Ho is true Ho is false Reject Ho Type I Error Correct Fail to Reject Ho Correct Type II Error Steps for hypothesis testing 36 Identify the IV and DV Identify the scales for IV and DV Categorical Continuous State the H0 and H1 Choose the appropriate test

6 What type of statistical test? 37 chi-square test of proportions t-test ANOVA Correlation Regression Chi-square 38 Compare proportions data from two or more groups E.g., are people more likely to agree to partake in a survey on a sunny day than on a cloudy day? Collect data from 40 individuals, 20 on a sunny day and 20 on a cloudy day. Count proportions willing to do the survey. Compare actual with expected proportions Sample data: Data for Chi Sq.sav Instructional video: SPSS - chi sq test of proportions t-test 39 Compare two means or compare 1 mean with a number. Suitable for comparing continuous DV with categorical IV. 1. One sample t-test 2. Independent samples t-test 3. Paired samples t-test One sample t-test 40 Compare one mean with a number. E.g., collected IQ score data from 10 individuals. Does my sample have IQ score higher or lower than 100? Sample data: Data for Chi Sq.sav Instructional video: SPSS - One sample t-test

7 Independent samples t-test 41 Compare means from 2 different groups. Compare IQ scores between Americans and Canadians. Sample data: Data with IQ Scores Science & English majors.sav Instructional video: SPSS - Independent Samples t-test Paired Samples t-test 42 Compare 2 means from the same group or from 2 matched groups. E.g., Compare IQ score before and after drinking coffee. Sample data: Data with IQ Scores Science & English majors.sav Instructional video: SPSS - Paired Samples t-test Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 43 Compare 3 or more means. Suitable for comparing continuous DV with categorical IV. E.g., compare IQ scores between Americans, Canadians, and Mexicans. Between subjects ANOVA 44 Compare means between 2 or more groups. Instructional video: SPSS - Univariate ANOVA Repeated measures ANOVA Compare 2 or more means from the same group. Instructional video: SPSS - Repeated Measures ANOVA

8 Correlation 45 Measure the strength of relation between two or more variables. Suitable for data on a continuous scale. E.g., how strong is the relationship between height and weight? Instructional video: SPSS - Correlation Multiple Regression 46 Allows one to predict a value on the DV based on the value(s) on the IV(s). Suitable for data on a continuous or categorical scale. ANOVA is a special case of regression. E.g., what are the effects of gender and GPA on SAT scores? Effect Size 48 Goes beyond statistical significance testing. A measure of the size of the difference between the distributions. Cohen s d for two means comparison. Partial eta squared for multiple-group comparison. r 2 for multiple regression. Understanding your Results 49 Main Effects Interactions How to identify each

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics Descriptive Statistics Primer Descriptive statistics Central tendency Variation Relative position Relationships Calculating descriptive statistics Descriptive Statistics Purpose to describe or summarize

More information

II. DISTRIBUTIONS distribution normal distribution. standard scores

II. DISTRIBUTIONS distribution normal distribution. standard scores Appendix D Basic Measurement And Statistics The following information was developed by Steven Rothke, PhD, Department of Psychology, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago (RIC) and expanded by Mary F. Schmidt,

More information

DATA ANALYSIS. QEM Network HBCU-UP Fundamentals of Education Research Workshop Gerunda B. Hughes, Ph.D. Howard University

DATA ANALYSIS. QEM Network HBCU-UP Fundamentals of Education Research Workshop Gerunda B. Hughes, Ph.D. Howard University DATA ANALYSIS QEM Network HBCU-UP Fundamentals of Education Research Workshop Gerunda B. Hughes, Ph.D. Howard University Quantitative Research What is Statistics? Statistics (as a subject) is the science

More information

Projects Involving Statistics (& SPSS)

Projects Involving Statistics (& SPSS) Projects Involving Statistics (& SPSS) Academic Skills Advice Starting a project which involves using statistics can feel confusing as there seems to be many different things you can do (charts, graphs,

More information

Class 19: Two Way Tables, Conditional Distributions, Chi-Square (Text: Sections 2.5; 9.1)

Class 19: Two Way Tables, Conditional Distributions, Chi-Square (Text: Sections 2.5; 9.1) Spring 204 Class 9: Two Way Tables, Conditional Distributions, Chi-Square (Text: Sections 2.5; 9.) Big Picture: More than Two Samples In Chapter 7: We looked at quantitative variables and compared the

More information

Additional sources Compilation of sources: http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/tseportal/datacollectionmethodologies/jin-tselink/tselink.htm

Additional sources Compilation of sources: http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/tseportal/datacollectionmethodologies/jin-tselink/tselink.htm Mgt 540 Research Methods Data Analysis 1 Additional sources Compilation of sources: http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/tseportal/datacollectionmethodologies/jin-tselink/tselink.htm http://web.utk.edu/~dap/random/order/start.htm

More information

Research Methods & Experimental Design

Research Methods & Experimental Design Research Methods & Experimental Design 16.422 Human Supervisory Control April 2004 Research Methods Qualitative vs. quantitative Understanding the relationship between objectives (research question) and

More information

Statistical tests for SPSS

Statistical tests for SPSS Statistical tests for SPSS Paolo Coletti A.Y. 2010/11 Free University of Bolzano Bozen Premise This book is a very quick, rough and fast description of statistical tests and their usage. It is explicitly

More information

Fairfield Public Schools

Fairfield Public Schools Mathematics Fairfield Public Schools AP Statistics AP Statistics BOE Approved 04/08/2014 1 AP STATISTICS Critical Areas of Focus AP Statistics is a rigorous course that offers advanced students an opportunity

More information

HYPOTHESIS TESTING: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS, T-TESTS, ANOVAS, AND REGRESSION

HYPOTHESIS TESTING: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS, T-TESTS, ANOVAS, AND REGRESSION HYPOTHESIS TESTING: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS, T-TESTS, ANOVAS, AND REGRESSION HOD 2990 10 November 2010 Lecture Background This is a lightning speed summary of introductory statistical methods for senior undergraduate

More information

Statistics Review PSY379

Statistics Review PSY379 Statistics Review PSY379 Basic concepts Measurement scales Populations vs. samples Continuous vs. discrete variable Independent vs. dependent variable Descriptive vs. inferential stats Common analyses

More information

Introduction to Statistics and Quantitative Research Methods

Introduction to Statistics and Quantitative Research Methods Introduction to Statistics and Quantitative Research Methods Purpose of Presentation To aid in the understanding of basic statistics, including terminology, common terms, and common statistical methods.

More information

Introduction to Quantitative Methods

Introduction to Quantitative Methods Introduction to Quantitative Methods October 15, 2009 Contents 1 Definition of Key Terms 2 2 Descriptive Statistics 3 2.1 Frequency Tables......................... 4 2.2 Measures of Central Tendencies.................

More information

There are three kinds of people in the world those who are good at math and those who are not. PSY 511: Advanced Statistics for Psychological and Behavioral Research 1 Positive Views The record of a month

More information

Measures of Central Tendency and Variability: Summarizing your Data for Others

Measures of Central Tendency and Variability: Summarizing your Data for Others Measures of Central Tendency and Variability: Summarizing your Data for Others 1 I. Measures of Central Tendency: -Allow us to summarize an entire data set with a single value (the midpoint). 1. Mode :

More information

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI MASTERS IN PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT NAME: SARU CAROLYNN ELIZABETH REGISTRATION NO: L50/61646/2013 COURSE CODE: LDP 603 COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODS LECTURER: GAKUU CHRISTOPHER

More information

Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing 8-1 Overview 8-2 Basics of Hypothesis Testing

Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing 8-1 Overview 8-2 Basics of Hypothesis Testing Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing 1 Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing 8-1 Overview 8-2 Basics of Hypothesis Testing 8-3 Testing a Claim About a Proportion 8-5 Testing a Claim About a Mean: s Not Known 8-6 Testing

More information

STA-201-TE. 5. Measures of relationship: correlation (5%) Correlation coefficient; Pearson r; correlation and causation; proportion of common variance

STA-201-TE. 5. Measures of relationship: correlation (5%) Correlation coefficient; Pearson r; correlation and causation; proportion of common variance Principles of Statistics STA-201-TE This TECEP is an introduction to descriptive and inferential statistics. Topics include: measures of central tendency, variability, correlation, regression, hypothesis

More information

COMPARISONS OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY: PUBLIC & PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANIES.

COMPARISONS OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY: PUBLIC & PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANIES. 277 CHAPTER VI COMPARISONS OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY: PUBLIC & PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANIES. This chapter contains a full discussion of customer loyalty comparisons between private and public insurance companies

More information

Statistics 2014 Scoring Guidelines

Statistics 2014 Scoring Guidelines AP Statistics 2014 Scoring Guidelines College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. AP Central is the official online home

More information

Statistiek II. John Nerbonne. October 1, 2010. Dept of Information Science j.nerbonne@rug.nl

Statistiek II. John Nerbonne. October 1, 2010. Dept of Information Science j.nerbonne@rug.nl Dept of Information Science j.nerbonne@rug.nl October 1, 2010 Course outline 1 One-way ANOVA. 2 Factorial ANOVA. 3 Repeated measures ANOVA. 4 Correlation and regression. 5 Multiple regression. 6 Logistic

More information

Biostatistics: Types of Data Analysis

Biostatistics: Types of Data Analysis Biostatistics: Types of Data Analysis Theresa A Scott, MS Vanderbilt University Department of Biostatistics theresa.scott@vanderbilt.edu http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/theresascott Theresa A Scott, MS

More information

Simple Linear Regression Inference

Simple Linear Regression Inference Simple Linear Regression Inference 1 Inference requirements The Normality assumption of the stochastic term e is needed for inference even if it is not a OLS requirement. Therefore we have: Interpretation

More information

UNDERSTANDING THE TWO-WAY ANOVA

UNDERSTANDING THE TWO-WAY ANOVA UNDERSTANDING THE e have seen how the one-way ANOVA can be used to compare two or more sample means in studies involving a single independent variable. This can be extended to two independent variables

More information

SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SCIENCES DON T FORGET TO RECODE YOUR MISSING VALUES

SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SCIENCES DON T FORGET TO RECODE YOUR MISSING VALUES SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SCIENCES Using SPSS Topics addressed today: 1. Differences between groups 2. Graphing Use the s4data.sav file for the first part of this session. DON T FORGET TO RECODE YOUR

More information

HYPOTHESIS TESTING WITH SPSS:

HYPOTHESIS TESTING WITH SPSS: HYPOTHESIS TESTING WITH SPSS: A NON-STATISTICIAN S GUIDE & TUTORIAL by Dr. Jim Mirabella SPSS 14.0 screenshots reprinted with permission from SPSS Inc. Published June 2006 Copyright Dr. Jim Mirabella CHAPTER

More information

DATA INTERPRETATION AND STATISTICS

DATA INTERPRETATION AND STATISTICS PholC60 September 001 DATA INTERPRETATION AND STATISTICS Books A easy and systematic introductory text is Essentials of Medical Statistics by Betty Kirkwood, published by Blackwell at about 14. DESCRIPTIVE

More information

SAMPLING & INFERENTIAL STATISTICS. Sampling is necessary to make inferences about a population.

SAMPLING & INFERENTIAL STATISTICS. Sampling is necessary to make inferences about a population. SAMPLING & INFERENTIAL STATISTICS Sampling is necessary to make inferences about a population. SAMPLING The group that you observe or collect data from is the sample. The group that you make generalizations

More information

Analysis of Data. Organizing Data Files in SPSS. Descriptive Statistics

Analysis of Data. Organizing Data Files in SPSS. Descriptive Statistics Analysis of Data Claudia J. Stanny PSY 67 Research Design Organizing Data Files in SPSS All data for one subject entered on the same line Identification data Between-subjects manipulations: variable to

More information

Module 5: Statistical Analysis

Module 5: Statistical Analysis Module 5: Statistical Analysis To answer more complex questions using your data, or in statistical terms, to test your hypothesis, you need to use more advanced statistical tests. This module reviews the

More information

This chapter discusses some of the basic concepts in inferential statistics.

This chapter discusses some of the basic concepts in inferential statistics. Research Skills for Psychology Majors: Everything You Need to Know to Get Started Inferential Statistics: Basic Concepts This chapter discusses some of the basic concepts in inferential statistics. Details

More information

Introduction to. Hypothesis Testing CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES. 1 Identify the four steps of hypothesis testing.

Introduction to. Hypothesis Testing CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES. 1 Identify the four steps of hypothesis testing. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing CHAPTER 8 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: 1 Identify the four steps of hypothesis testing. 2 Define null hypothesis, alternative

More information

Section 13, Part 1 ANOVA. Analysis Of Variance

Section 13, Part 1 ANOVA. Analysis Of Variance Section 13, Part 1 ANOVA Analysis Of Variance Course Overview So far in this course we ve covered: Descriptive statistics Summary statistics Tables and Graphs Probability Probability Rules Probability

More information

Measurement & Data Analysis. On the importance of math & measurement. Steps Involved in Doing Scientific Research. Measurement

Measurement & Data Analysis. On the importance of math & measurement. Steps Involved in Doing Scientific Research. Measurement Measurement & Data Analysis Overview of Measurement. Variability & Measurement Error.. Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics. Descriptive Statistics. Distributions. Standardized Scores. Graphing Data.

More information

Chapter 7: Simple linear regression Learning Objectives

Chapter 7: Simple linear regression Learning Objectives Chapter 7: Simple linear regression Learning Objectives Reading: Section 7.1 of OpenIntro Statistics Video: Correlation vs. causation, YouTube (2:19) Video: Intro to Linear Regression, YouTube (5:18) -

More information

Descriptive Analysis

Descriptive Analysis Research Methods William G. Zikmund Basic Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics Descriptive Analysis The transformation of raw data into a form that will make them easy to understand and interpret; rearranging,

More information

Reporting Statistics in Psychology

Reporting Statistics in Psychology This document contains general guidelines for the reporting of statistics in psychology research. The details of statistical reporting vary slightly among different areas of science and also among different

More information

CALCULATIONS & STATISTICS

CALCULATIONS & STATISTICS CALCULATIONS & STATISTICS CALCULATION OF SCORES Conversion of 1-5 scale to 0-100 scores When you look at your report, you will notice that the scores are reported on a 0-100 scale, even though respondents

More information

Testing Group Differences using T-tests, ANOVA, and Nonparametric Measures

Testing Group Differences using T-tests, ANOVA, and Nonparametric Measures Testing Group Differences using T-tests, ANOVA, and Nonparametric Measures Jamie DeCoster Department of Psychology University of Alabama 348 Gordon Palmer Hall Box 870348 Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0348 Phone:

More information

Elements of statistics (MATH0487-1)

Elements of statistics (MATH0487-1) Elements of statistics (MATH0487-1) Prof. Dr. Dr. K. Van Steen University of Liège, Belgium December 10, 2012 Introduction to Statistics Basic Probability Revisited Sampling Exploratory Data Analysis -

More information

Analyzing and interpreting data Evaluation resources from Wilder Research

Analyzing and interpreting data Evaluation resources from Wilder Research Wilder Research Analyzing and interpreting data Evaluation resources from Wilder Research Once data are collected, the next step is to analyze the data. A plan for analyzing your data should be developed

More information

Inferential Statistics. What are they? When would you use them?

Inferential Statistics. What are they? When would you use them? Inferential Statistics What are they? When would you use them? What are inferential statistics? Why learn about inferential statistics? Why use inferential statistics? When are inferential statistics utilized?

More information

research/scientific includes the following: statistical hypotheses: you have a null and alternative you accept one and reject the other

research/scientific includes the following: statistical hypotheses: you have a null and alternative you accept one and reject the other 1 Hypothesis Testing Richard S. Balkin, Ph.D., LPC-S, NCC 2 Overview When we have questions about the effect of a treatment or intervention or wish to compare groups, we use hypothesis testing Parametric

More information

Correlational Research

Correlational Research Correlational Research Chapter Fifteen Correlational Research Chapter Fifteen Bring folder of readings The Nature of Correlational Research Correlational Research is also known as Associational Research.

More information

Final Exam Practice Problem Answers

Final Exam Practice Problem Answers Final Exam Practice Problem Answers The following data set consists of data gathered from 77 popular breakfast cereals. The variables in the data set are as follows: Brand: The brand name of the cereal

More information

Examining Differences (Comparing Groups) using SPSS Inferential statistics (Part I) Dwayne Devonish

Examining Differences (Comparing Groups) using SPSS Inferential statistics (Part I) Dwayne Devonish Examining Differences (Comparing Groups) using SPSS Inferential statistics (Part I) Dwayne Devonish Statistics Statistics are quantitative methods of describing, analysing, and drawing inferences (conclusions)

More information

3.2 Measures of Spread

3.2 Measures of Spread 3.2 Measures of Spread In some data sets the observations are close together, while in others they are more spread out. In addition to measures of the center, it's often important to measure the spread

More information

Independent t- Test (Comparing Two Means)

Independent t- Test (Comparing Two Means) Independent t- Test (Comparing Two Means) The objectives of this lesson are to learn: the definition/purpose of independent t-test when to use the independent t-test the use of SPSS to complete an independent

More information

ANOVA ANOVA. Two-Way ANOVA. One-Way ANOVA. When to use ANOVA ANOVA. Analysis of Variance. Chapter 16. A procedure for comparing more than two groups

ANOVA ANOVA. Two-Way ANOVA. One-Way ANOVA. When to use ANOVA ANOVA. Analysis of Variance. Chapter 16. A procedure for comparing more than two groups ANOVA ANOVA Analysis of Variance Chapter 6 A procedure for comparing more than two groups independent variable: smoking status non-smoking one pack a day > two packs a day dependent variable: number of

More information

CHAPTER 14 NONPARAMETRIC TESTS

CHAPTER 14 NONPARAMETRIC TESTS CHAPTER 14 NONPARAMETRIC TESTS Everything that we have done up until now in statistics has relied heavily on one major fact: that our data is normally distributed. We have been able to make inferences

More information

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER MSC IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS ANALYSING AND INTERPRETING DATA 2 PART 1 WEEK 9

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER MSC IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS ANALYSING AND INTERPRETING DATA 2 PART 1 WEEK 9 DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER MSC IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS ANALYSING AND INTERPRETING DATA 2 PART 1 WEEK 9 Analysis of covariance and multiple regression So far in this course,

More information

Statistics in Medicine Research Lecture Series CSMC Fall 2014

Statistics in Medicine Research Lecture Series CSMC Fall 2014 Catherine Bresee, MS Senior Biostatistician Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Research Institute Statistics in Medicine Research Lecture Series CSMC Fall 2014 Overview Review concept of statistical power

More information

1. What is the critical value for this 95% confidence interval? CV = z.025 = invnorm(0.025) = 1.96

1. What is the critical value for this 95% confidence interval? CV = z.025 = invnorm(0.025) = 1.96 1 Final Review 2 Review 2.1 CI 1-propZint Scenario 1 A TV manufacturer claims in its warranty brochure that in the past not more than 10 percent of its TV sets needed any repair during the first two years

More information

Oppgaver Oppgavetype Vurdering Status 1 New document Dokument Automatisk poengsum Levert

Oppgaver Oppgavetype Vurdering Status 1 New document Dokument Automatisk poengsum Levert ME-109 1 Statistikk, metode og praktisk dataanalyse Kandidat-ID: 8551 Oppgaver Oppgavetype Vurdering Status 1 New document Dokument Automatisk poengsum Levert 2 Part I: Multiple Choice Questions Flervalg

More information

T-test & factor analysis

T-test & factor analysis Parametric tests T-test & factor analysis Better than non parametric tests Stringent assumptions More strings attached Assumes population distribution of sample is normal Major problem Alternatives Continue

More information

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Quality Education for Minorities (QEM) Network HBCU-UP Fundamentals of Education Research Workshop Gerunda B. Hughes, Ph.D. August 23, 2013 Objectives of the Discussion 2 Discuss

More information

Lesson 4 Measures of Central Tendency

Lesson 4 Measures of Central Tendency Outline Measures of a distribution s shape -modality and skewness -the normal distribution Measures of central tendency -mean, median, and mode Skewness and Central Tendency Lesson 4 Measures of Central

More information

DDBA 8438: The t Test for Independent Samples Video Podcast Transcript

DDBA 8438: The t Test for Independent Samples Video Podcast Transcript DDBA 8438: The t Test for Independent Samples Video Podcast Transcript JENNIFER ANN MORROW: Welcome to The t Test for Independent Samples. My name is Dr. Jennifer Ann Morrow. In today's demonstration,

More information

Outline. Definitions Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics The t-test - One-sample t-test

Outline. Definitions Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics The t-test - One-sample t-test The t-test Outline Definitions Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics The t-test - One-sample t-test - Dependent (related) groups t-test - Independent (unrelated) groups t-test Comparing means Correlation

More information

Overview of Non-Parametric Statistics PRESENTER: ELAINE EISENBEISZ OWNER AND PRINCIPAL, OMEGA STATISTICS

Overview of Non-Parametric Statistics PRESENTER: ELAINE EISENBEISZ OWNER AND PRINCIPAL, OMEGA STATISTICS Overview of Non-Parametric Statistics PRESENTER: ELAINE EISENBEISZ OWNER AND PRINCIPAL, OMEGA STATISTICS About Omega Statistics Private practice consultancy based in Southern California, Medical and Clinical

More information

Study Guide for the Final Exam

Study Guide for the Final Exam Study Guide for the Final Exam When studying, remember that the computational portion of the exam will only involve new material (covered after the second midterm), that material from Exam 1 will make

More information

Analysing Questionnaires using Minitab (for SPSS queries contact -) Graham.Currell@uwe.ac.uk

Analysing Questionnaires using Minitab (for SPSS queries contact -) Graham.Currell@uwe.ac.uk Analysing Questionnaires using Minitab (for SPSS queries contact -) Graham.Currell@uwe.ac.uk Structure As a starting point it is useful to consider a basic questionnaire as containing three main sections:

More information

CHAPTER 5 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF ONLINE ADVERTSIEMENTS. Table: 8 Perceived Usefulness of Different Advertisement Types

CHAPTER 5 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF ONLINE ADVERTSIEMENTS. Table: 8 Perceived Usefulness of Different Advertisement Types CHAPTER 5 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF ONLINE ADVERTSIEMENTS 5.1 Descriptive Analysis- Part 3 of Questionnaire Table 8 shows the descriptive statistics of Perceived Usefulness of Banner Ads. The results

More information

4.1 Exploratory Analysis: Once the data is collected and entered, the first question is: "What do the data look like?"

4.1 Exploratory Analysis: Once the data is collected and entered, the first question is: What do the data look like? Data Analysis Plan The appropriate methods of data analysis are determined by your data types and variables of interest, the actual distribution of the variables, and the number of cases. Different analyses

More information

Chapter 13 Introduction to Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis

Chapter 13 Introduction to Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis Chapter 3 Student Lecture Notes 3- Chapter 3 Introduction to Linear Regression and Correlation Analsis Fall 2006 Fundamentals of Business Statistics Chapter Goals To understand the methods for displaing

More information

How To Test For Significance On A Data Set

How To Test For Significance On A Data Set Non-Parametric Univariate Tests: 1 Sample Sign Test 1 1 SAMPLE SIGN TEST A non-parametric equivalent of the 1 SAMPLE T-TEST. ASSUMPTIONS: Data is non-normally distributed, even after log transforming.

More information

Introduction to Statistics with GraphPad Prism (5.01) Version 1.1

Introduction to Statistics with GraphPad Prism (5.01) Version 1.1 Babraham Bioinformatics Introduction to Statistics with GraphPad Prism (5.01) Version 1.1 Introduction to Statistics with GraphPad Prism 2 Licence This manual is 2010-11, Anne Segonds-Pichon. This manual

More information

Section Format Day Begin End Building Rm# Instructor. 001 Lecture Tue 6:45 PM 8:40 PM Silver 401 Ballerini

Section Format Day Begin End Building Rm# Instructor. 001 Lecture Tue 6:45 PM 8:40 PM Silver 401 Ballerini NEW YORK UNIVERSITY ROBERT F. WAGNER GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC SERVICE Course Syllabus Spring 2016 Statistical Methods for Public, Nonprofit, and Health Management Section Format Day Begin End Building

More information

Hypothesis Testing. Reminder of Inferential Statistics. Hypothesis Testing: Introduction

Hypothesis Testing. Reminder of Inferential Statistics. Hypothesis Testing: Introduction Hypothesis Testing PSY 360 Introduction to Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Reminder of Inferential Statistics All inferential statistics have the following in common: Use of some descriptive statistic

More information

1 Nonparametric Statistics

1 Nonparametric Statistics 1 Nonparametric Statistics When finding confidence intervals or conducting tests so far, we always described the population with a model, which includes a set of parameters. Then we could make decisions

More information

Chapter Eight: Quantitative Methods

Chapter Eight: Quantitative Methods Chapter Eight: Quantitative Methods RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches Third Edition John W. Creswell Chapter Outline Defining Surveys and Experiments Components of

More information

Good luck! BUSINESS STATISTICS FINAL EXAM INSTRUCTIONS. Name:

Good luck! BUSINESS STATISTICS FINAL EXAM INSTRUCTIONS. Name: Glo bal Leadership M BA BUSINESS STATISTICS FINAL EXAM Name: INSTRUCTIONS 1. Do not open this exam until instructed to do so. 2. Be sure to fill in your name before starting the exam. 3. You have two hours

More information

When to Use a Particular Statistical Test

When to Use a Particular Statistical Test When to Use a Particular Statistical Test Central Tendency Univariate Descriptive Mode the most commonly occurring value 6 people with ages 21, 22, 21, 23, 19, 21 - mode = 21 Median the center value the

More information

A Primer on Mathematical Statistics and Univariate Distributions; The Normal Distribution; The GLM with the Normal Distribution

A Primer on Mathematical Statistics and Univariate Distributions; The Normal Distribution; The GLM with the Normal Distribution A Primer on Mathematical Statistics and Univariate Distributions; The Normal Distribution; The GLM with the Normal Distribution PSYC 943 (930): Fundamentals of Multivariate Modeling Lecture 4: September

More information

Statistics. Measurement. Scales of Measurement 7/18/2012

Statistics. Measurement. Scales of Measurement 7/18/2012 Statistics Measurement Measurement is defined as a set of rules for assigning numbers to represent objects, traits, attributes, or behaviors A variableis something that varies (eye color), a constant does

More information

RARITAN VALLEY COMMUNITY COLLEGE ACADEMIC COURSE OUTLINE MATH 111H STATISTICS II HONORS

RARITAN VALLEY COMMUNITY COLLEGE ACADEMIC COURSE OUTLINE MATH 111H STATISTICS II HONORS RARITAN VALLEY COMMUNITY COLLEGE ACADEMIC COURSE OUTLINE MATH 111H STATISTICS II HONORS I. Basic Course Information A. Course Number and Title: MATH 111H Statistics II Honors B. New or Modified Course:

More information

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing. Hypothesis Testing. Step 1: State the Hypotheses

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing. Hypothesis Testing. Step 1: State the Hypotheses Introduction to Hypothesis Testing 1 Hypothesis Testing A hypothesis test is a statistical procedure that uses sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a population Hypothesis is stated in terms of the

More information

Bill Burton Albert Einstein College of Medicine william.burton@einstein.yu.edu April 28, 2014 EERS: Managing the Tension Between Rigor and Resources 1

Bill Burton Albert Einstein College of Medicine william.burton@einstein.yu.edu April 28, 2014 EERS: Managing the Tension Between Rigor and Resources 1 Bill Burton Albert Einstein College of Medicine william.burton@einstein.yu.edu April 28, 2014 EERS: Managing the Tension Between Rigor and Resources 1 Calculate counts, means, and standard deviations Produce

More information

Introduction. Hypothesis Testing. Hypothesis Testing. Significance Testing

Introduction. Hypothesis Testing. Hypothesis Testing. Significance Testing Introduction Hypothesis Testing Mark Lunt Arthritis Research UK Centre for Ecellence in Epidemiology University of Manchester 13/10/2015 We saw last week that we can never know the population parameters

More information

4. Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Variability and Central Tendency

4. Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Variability and Central Tendency 4. Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Variability and Central Tendency Objectives Calculate descriptive for continuous and categorical data Edit output tables Although measures of central tendency and

More information

Introduction to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Limitations of the t-test

Introduction to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Limitations of the t-test Introduction to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) The Structural Model, The Summary Table, and the One- Way ANOVA Limitations of the t-test Although the t-test is commonly used, it has limitations Can only

More information

MULTIPLE REGRESSION AND ISSUES IN REGRESSION ANALYSIS

MULTIPLE REGRESSION AND ISSUES IN REGRESSION ANALYSIS MULTIPLE REGRESSION AND ISSUES IN REGRESSION ANALYSIS MSR = Mean Regression Sum of Squares MSE = Mean Squared Error RSS = Regression Sum of Squares SSE = Sum of Squared Errors/Residuals α = Level of Significance

More information

Institute of Actuaries of India Subject CT3 Probability and Mathematical Statistics

Institute of Actuaries of India Subject CT3 Probability and Mathematical Statistics Institute of Actuaries of India Subject CT3 Probability and Mathematical Statistics For 2015 Examinations Aim The aim of the Probability and Mathematical Statistics subject is to provide a grounding in

More information

Data Mining Techniques Chapter 5: The Lure of Statistics: Data Mining Using Familiar Tools

Data Mining Techniques Chapter 5: The Lure of Statistics: Data Mining Using Familiar Tools Data Mining Techniques Chapter 5: The Lure of Statistics: Data Mining Using Familiar Tools Occam s razor.......................................................... 2 A look at data I.........................................................

More information

11. Analysis of Case-control Studies Logistic Regression

11. Analysis of Case-control Studies Logistic Regression Research methods II 113 11. Analysis of Case-control Studies Logistic Regression This chapter builds upon and further develops the concepts and strategies described in Ch.6 of Mother and Child Health:

More information

Factors affecting online sales

Factors affecting online sales Factors affecting online sales Table of contents Summary... 1 Research questions... 1 The dataset... 2 Descriptive statistics: The exploratory stage... 3 Confidence intervals... 4 Hypothesis tests... 4

More information

QUANTITATIVE METHODS BIOLOGY FINAL HONOUR SCHOOL NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS

QUANTITATIVE METHODS BIOLOGY FINAL HONOUR SCHOOL NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS QUANTITATIVE METHODS BIOLOGY FINAL HONOUR SCHOOL NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS This booklet contains lecture notes for the nonparametric work in the QM course. This booklet may be online at http://users.ox.ac.uk/~grafen/qmnotes/index.html.

More information

Non-Parametric Tests (I)

Non-Parametric Tests (I) Lecture 5: Non-Parametric Tests (I) KimHuat LIM lim@stats.ox.ac.uk http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~lim/teaching.html Slide 1 5.1 Outline (i) Overview of Distribution-Free Tests (ii) Median Test for Two Independent

More information

The Dummy s Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS

The Dummy s Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS The Dummy s Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS Mathematics 57 Scripps College Amy Gamble April, 2001 Amy Gamble 4/30/01 All Rights Rerserved TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Helpful Hints for All Tests...1 Tests

More information

DDBA 8438: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing Video Podcast Transcript

DDBA 8438: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing Video Podcast Transcript DDBA 8438: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing Video Podcast Transcript JENNIFER ANN MORROW: Welcome to "Introduction to Hypothesis Testing." My name is Dr. Jennifer Ann Morrow. In today's demonstration,

More information

Business Statistics. Successful completion of Introductory and/or Intermediate Algebra courses is recommended before taking Business Statistics.

Business Statistics. Successful completion of Introductory and/or Intermediate Algebra courses is recommended before taking Business Statistics. Business Course Text Bowerman, Bruce L., Richard T. O'Connell, J. B. Orris, and Dawn C. Porter. Essentials of Business, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2008, ISBN: 978-0-07-331988-9. Required Computing

More information

Chapter 5 Analysis of variance SPSS Analysis of variance

Chapter 5 Analysis of variance SPSS Analysis of variance Chapter 5 Analysis of variance SPSS Analysis of variance Data file used: gss.sav How to get there: Analyze Compare Means One-way ANOVA To test the null hypothesis that several population means are equal,

More information

SPSS Tests for Versions 9 to 13

SPSS Tests for Versions 9 to 13 SPSS Tests for Versions 9 to 13 Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistic (including median) Choose Analyze Descriptive statistics Frequencies... Click on variable(s) then press to move to into Variable(s): list

More information

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WITH EXCEL COURSE OUTLINE

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WITH EXCEL COURSE OUTLINE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WITH EXCEL COURSE OUTLINE Perhaps Microsoft has taken pains to hide some of the most powerful tools in Excel. These add-ins tools work on top of Excel, extending its power and abilities

More information

12: Analysis of Variance. Introduction

12: Analysis of Variance. Introduction 1: Analysis of Variance Introduction EDA Hypothesis Test Introduction In Chapter 8 and again in Chapter 11 we compared means from two independent groups. In this chapter we extend the procedure to consider

More information

Psychology 60 Fall 2013 Practice Exam Actual Exam: Next Monday. Good luck!

Psychology 60 Fall 2013 Practice Exam Actual Exam: Next Monday. Good luck! Psychology 60 Fall 2013 Practice Exam Actual Exam: Next Monday. Good luck! Name: 1. The basic idea behind hypothesis testing: A. is important only if you want to compare two populations. B. depends on

More information

Consider a study in which. How many subjects? The importance of sample size calculations. An insignificant effect: two possibilities.

Consider a study in which. How many subjects? The importance of sample size calculations. An insignificant effect: two possibilities. Consider a study in which How many subjects? The importance of sample size calculations Office of Research Protections Brown Bag Series KB Boomer, Ph.D. Director, boomer@stat.psu.edu A researcher conducts

More information

Two-sample hypothesis testing, II 9.07 3/16/2004

Two-sample hypothesis testing, II 9.07 3/16/2004 Two-sample hypothesis testing, II 9.07 3/16/004 Small sample tests for the difference between two independent means For two-sample tests of the difference in mean, things get a little confusing, here,

More information

business statistics using Excel OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Glyn Davis & Branko Pecar

business statistics using Excel OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Glyn Davis & Branko Pecar business statistics using Excel Glyn Davis & Branko Pecar OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Detailed contents Introduction to Microsoft Excel 2003 Overview Learning Objectives 1.1 Introduction to Microsoft Excel

More information