Managing Insec+cide Resistance: Program Rota+on Considera+ons
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1 Managing Insec+cide Resistance: Program Rota+on Considera+ons Spo$ed Wing Drosophila Winter Regional Workshops March 4th, 2015 Clarion Hotel Palm Island Indoor Waterpark 8250 Park Road, Batavia, NY, US, Peter Jentsch Senior Extension Associate Entomology
2 Managing Insec+cide Resistance: Program Rota+on Considera+ons SWD Poten+al to Develop Insec+cide Resistance Classes of Insec+cides Labeled for SWD in NYS Rota+on of Insec+cide Classes
3 Managing Insec+cide Resistance: Program Rota+on Considera+ons Insec;cide Resistance or Pes;cide resistance is a decrease in suscep+bility of a pest popula+on to a pes+cide that was previously effec+ve at controlling the pest. The failure of a product to perform in a real situa+on, is referred to as field resistance. Resistance occurs through natural selec;on. Resistant organisms survive and pass on their gene+c traits to their offspring.
4 Managing Insec+cide Resistance: Program Rota+on Considera+ons Insec;cide Resistance or Pes;cide resistance is a decrease in suscep+bility of a pest popula+on to a pes+cide that was previously effec+ve at controlling the pest. The failure of a product to perform in a real situa+on, referred to as field resistance. Resistance occurs through natural selec;on: resistant organisms survive and pass on their gene+c traits to their offspring.
5 Factors Contributing to Insecticide Resistance 1. Naturally occurring muta;ons are selected by insec+cide use, gives rise to a change in the insect physiology, altering the ac+ve ingredient target binding site. *Insect species that are usually capable of producing large number of offspring increases the probability of random muta+ons, thus increasing insec+cide resistance. 2. The speed with which a species develops (genera+on +me) and the number of offspring that are produced contribute to the increased speed of resistance development.
6 Factors Contributing to Insecticide Resistance 1. Insect species are usually capable of producing large number of offspring. This increases the probability of random muta;ons and ensures the rapid build- up in numbers of resistant mutants once such muta;ons have occurred. 2. The speed with which a species develops (genera;on ;me) and the number of offspring that develop contribute to increases the speed of resistance development 3. Plants produce phytotoxins for protec+on from herbivores. As a result, herbivores have developed physiological capability to detoxify poisons (and insec+cides). 4. Farmers oxen rely almost exclusively on insec;cides for pest control. Insec+cide residual increases selec+on pressure towards resistance. 5. Endemic resident insect popula;ons within a crop have greater exposure to insec+cides, leading to increased selec+on pressure towards resistance.
7 Development Range 10d 4 weeks
8 Factors Contributing to Insecticide Resistance SWD produce a single gen. in 10d to 4 weeks Produce as many as 13 generations / year (Japan) Range of 3-10 generations in NYS Given these complex of factors, SWD has a very high probability of developing insecticide resistance.
9 Managing Insecticide Resistance (IRM) Strategies are still being developed. Resistance management programs challenging. Limitations for successful SWD IR management include: Number of insecticide tools (too few) Number of insecticide classes Label restrictions DTH, PHI, Apps./season, Total A.I. per season
10 Managing Insecticide Resistance (IRM) Please refer to the chart in your binder
11 Managing Insecticide Resistance Blackberry and raspberry action threshold: detection of 1 st adult. A 3-4 day application interval needed to maintain marketable fruit. Blueberry management action threshold: within 7-21 days of 1 st adult, action threshold is 1 st egg detection using a 7-day application interval program. IRAC Class Rotation: A single IRAC class of insecticide should be used for each generation; rotate to different class every 10d (Warm: summer) to 3-4 weeks (Cool: Spring & Fall).
12 Managing Insecticide Resistance: 5 Effec+ve Insec+cide Classes
13 Managing Insecticide Resistance: R
14 Example of IRM conventional Blueberry program: Mode of Action (MoA) MoA-v Organophosphates: IRAC 1B Malathion (7d / 3 apps.) MoA-w Pyrethroids: IRAC 3A Baythroid XL, Brigade 2EC, Danitol, TripCr, Mustang Max (7d / 6 apps.) MoA-y Neonicotinoids: IRAC 4A Provado (Pre-mix), Assail (7d / 5apps.) MoA-x Spinetoram: IRAC 5 Entrust, Delegate (4d / 6apps.) MoA-z Diamides: IRAC 28 Exirel (5d / 4-6 apps.)
15 Example of IRM conventional Blueberry program: Mode of Action (MoA) MoA-v Organophosphates: IRAC 1B Malathion (7d / 3 apps.) MoA-w Pyrethroids: IRAC 3A Baythroid XL, Brigade 2EC, Danitol, TripCr, Mustang Max (7d / 6 apps.) MoA-y Neonicotinoids: IRAC 4A Provado (Pre-mix), Assail (7d / 5apps.) MoA-x Spinetoram: IRAC 5 Entrust, Delegate (4d / 6apps.) MoA-z Diamides: IRAC 28 Exirel (5d / 4-6 apps.) MoA v 10d MoA w 10d MoA x 10d MoA y 10d MoA z 10d MoA v 10d MoA w 10d MoA x 10d MoA y 10d Sequence of insec;cides through the season MoA z 10d
16 Managing Insecticide Resistance: Raspberry Alternate Row Middle Applica;ons to Op;mize Use of Insec;cide
17 Managing Insecticide Resistance: Raspberry
18 Example of IRM conventional program: Mode of Action (MoA) Periods of Reduced Insec+cide Residual
19 Example of IRM conventional program: Mode of Action (MoA)
20 Thanks to the staff at the HVL for all their support: Technical Assistant... Tim Lamposona Summer Research Assistant... Kellyn Will PT Summer Research Assistant... Henry Grimsland Summer Research Intern (CCE BMSB)... Susan Weibman PT Summer Intern... Pawan Angara Farm Manager.... Albert Woelfersheim Administra?ve Assistant Donna Clark HVL & NEWA Weather Data.. Joe Whalon Support from HATCH Funding, Dow AgroSciences and NY Farm Viability Ins+tute and Growers Members
21 Thank You 2014 Technical staff and assistants
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