Circumix Dense Slurry Technology Competent solution for handling combustion residues for coal fired power plants

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Circumix Dense Slurry Technology Competent solution for handling combustion residues for coal fired power plants"

Transcription

1 Circumix Dense Slurry Technology Competent solution for handling combustion residues for coal fired power plants Power generation by the use of coal is necessarily a polluting technology? What can be done to minimize environmental impact? Is there any technology which reduces working costs and harmful environmental impact simultaneously? engineering for a better world GEA Heat Exchangers

2 Introduction Operation of thermal power stations is always accompanied with some kind of environmental pollution. Carbon dioxide and nitric oxides are, for instance, harmful to the ozone layer, carbon monoxide is a hazardous gas, sulphuric oxides cause acid rains and solid particles often carry heavy metals that pollute the vegetation and the natural water resources. Various technologies were developed and introduced in order to minimize or to eliminate these unfavourable effects. Carbon dioxide emission can be reduced by increasing plant efficiency, DENOX and DESOX technologies are applied in order to remove harmful components from the flue gases, more efficient fly ash or dust precipitators are introduced and, finally, more effective ash processing is adopted for environmentally friendly disposal of firing residues. The Circumix process provides solution for the environmentally compatible handling i.e. for collection, processing and disposal of firing residues. Its environmentally friendly features are favourable in licensing and operation of coal firing power stations. Combustion Residues Coal burnt in power plant boilers always carries some ash which must be continuously removed. A 500 MW power plant unit may consume, for instance, three million tons of coal a year and can produce about one million tons of bottom ash and fly ash together called combustion residues. During its 25 year lifetime this plant produces some 20 million tons of residues which are usually landfilled. Quantity and composition of residues are basically determined by the coal and ash quality and by the firing technology applied. High grade bituminous coals contain only a few per cent of ash in contrary to low grade brown coals with up to 30 per cent inert content. In pulverized coal firing boilers bottom ash and fly ash are produced in contrary to the circulating fluidized bed boilers where bed ash is removed from the furnace. Bottom ash or bed ash may exceed 20 per cent of residues. Combustion residues are accumulated at various points of the firing system. Bottom ash is removed by the water filled ash scraper under the furnace as wet granulate. Dry bed ash is removed from the furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler and is cooled before further processing. Fly ash is collected at the economizer, at the air preheater, in the precipitator or dust collector and, finally, at the stack. Fly ash particle size is, usually, less than 200 micron and the temperature of the dry substance may reach 150 C. About 80 per cent of firing residues is collected as fly ash, mostly in the precipitator. Simplified picture of a Pulverized Coal Fired (PCF) Boiler with flue gas desulfurization. The combustion residues and other wastes are collected and removed from different points

3 Residues from Desulfurization Various techniques are used for removing sulphuric oxides from flue gases. One solution is the recirculating fluidized bed firing where pulverized limestone is introduced already in the furnace in order to capture sulphuric oxides. Excess limestone and calcium sulphite are removed with the bed ash. The most widely applied technology is, however, the wet scrubbing where hazardous gaseous pollutants are removed by injected limestone and water slurry. The product is gypsum with 10 to 15 per cent water content. Although this is marketable, in many cases it is simply landfilled. Another by-product is the heavily polluted waste water that is blown down from the scrubber. The quantity of calcium sulphite, gypsum and waste water primarily depends on the sulphur content of coal which is 1 to 3 per cent in most cases. The amount of by products from desulfurization, though substantial, usually does not exceed 20 per cent of fly ash. Features and Composition of Residues Bottom ash is recovered from the furnace as a mostly amorphous and glassy material that is crushed to particles less than 10 mm in size. The particles do not contain soluble compounds and are, usually, transported as lean ash water slurry. Fly ash consists of particles of spherical shape with less than 200 micron diameter. Due to its porous structure, this material has low density and large contact surface. Fly ash is mainly composed of various oxides, such as CaO, MgO, SiO 2, SO 3 (SO 4 ), Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 as well as complex compounds such as calcium-aluminate and glassy particles. CaO and MgO are partly bound as sulphates, for instance, but another part is free. The latter plays important role in processing. The free CaO and MgO dissolved in water together with silicates and other components can develop complex composites such as ettringite or silicate-hydrates and alumina-silica-hydrates. Fly ash from brown coals is similar in composition to cement and is frequently utilized as its substitute. When processed, dry fly ash is mixed with water in order to enable transportation and to get a solid product. According to the ternary diagram the fly ash from brown coal is similar to cement. Hard coal ash is less reactive since its lime content is very low

4 Water to Solid Ratio Just as in preparing and pouring concrete, water to solid ratio (W/S) plays an important role in fly ash processing, too. Three basic solutions are applied: moistened or semi-dry ash system: In this case (W/S) is about 0.3 and water is fully used for slaking free CaO and activating other components. The wet product is transported by belt conveyor or by truck. Wet bottom ash and wet gypsum can be added. At the landfill, compacting and additional moistening are advisable in order to ensure high density, high strength and low permeability. thin (or lean) slurry system: (W/S) is much higher here it is in the range of 5 to 20. Due to the abundant water content solid particles can be pumped to great distances but since the important hydroxides are leached out, the disposed material remains loose and ash stone is hardly produced. Excess water is recovered and reused in this system. GEA EGI s Circumix process operates with dense slurry. dense slurry system: (W/S) is in the range of 0.6 to 1.3. The thick fluid which is the product of intensive mixing is transported by pipelines and pumps. The suspension disposed at the landfill becomes solid ash stone within a few days.

5 Mixing Process In order to slake free calcium oxide and to activate other compounds, fly ash and water demand intensive mixing. In a few minutes homogenous suspension is produced with its density in the range of 1.25 to 1.70 g/cm 3. The thick fluid is of grey colour and its temperature is usually around 40 C. Bottom ash granulate, gypsum and other solids can be added later keeping in mind that water brought in by these additives should not deteriorate the controlled fluid characteristics. The mixers are designed for intermittent or continuous operation. GEA EGI's patented Circumix mixer based system applies the latter solution. The intensive agitation in the Circumix mixer is achieved by circulation slurry pumps. Transportation of Dense Slurry Dense slurry is a thick suspension of fly ash and water which has higher density and viscosity than lean slurry. This means that much higher pump heads are required for transportation in pipelines than with clean water or lean slurry. The larger bottom ash or bed ash particles may be suspended in the thick fly ash slurry. In order to prevent settling of solid particles and blocking of pipelines, flow velocity shall not decrease below a limit value. When the dense slurry plant is shut down its vessels and pipelines must be drained and flushed with clean water. Variable speed centrifugal pumps or piston diaphragm pumps are used for transportation. For power plant to landfill distances over 4 km piston diaphragm pumps or hydro-hoist can be used. (optional) Connection diagram of the Circumix mixing loop and distance transport line.

6 Dense Slurry Mixer System and Related Equipment The Circumix type continuous flow-through mixer has two mixing stages, the pre-mixer head, and below that the mixer tank for final mixing. The equipment is specially designed for high and low capacity ash handling applications in power plants. A dosing device, such as a rotary dosing vane feeds the dry ash from a storage silo into the pre-mixer by gravity. The makeup water enters the cylindrical shaped premixer tangentially. The makeup water is dosed proportionally to the ash flow. One slurry pump circulates the homogenous dense slurry from below the mixer tank to the pre-mixer slurry nozzles arranged around the dry ash drop tube. The free slurry jet streams of the nozzles entrain the ash, air and makeup water, like a multi-jet injector. The pre-mixed slurry enters the mixer tank on top of the mixer tank for final mixing and homogenizing. Other slurry pump(s) serve for transporting the dense ash slurry from below the mixing tank, through slurry circulation pipeline loop(s), back to the upper level of the mixing tank, where the slurry stream(s) is (are) entered tangentially into the mixer tank. The final homogeneous ash slurry leaves the mixer from the tank circulation loop(s) through a slurry discharge valve. The slurry level is generally controlled by the material feed. The size of the mixer is designed so as to ensure a proper residence time of the slurry mixture, considering the chemically reactive CaO(free) and CaSO 4 components of the ash. The long distance transport slurry pump for the byproduct storage area can be either of centrifugal type slurry pump(s) if the transport distance is not too long or of positive displacement piston diaphragm slurry pump type if the transport distance is quite long requiring high discharge pressure. The Circumix vessel is the key component of the dense slurry process. Combustion residues and water are inte nsively mixed here to produce homogenous suspension

7 Control System The dense slurry system is an integral part of the power station technology. When all information is collected in a central control room for processing, the required data are transmitted via a data bus system. If the distributed control philosophy is adopted, the dense slurry plant is equipped with its own control room where operator consoles and data loggers are placed. Transportation of Dense Slurry There are up to 100 pumps, valves, motors, etc. in a typical plant supervised by a programmable computer. Fluid density, flow and level are the main controlled parameters. The dense slurry plant is an auxiliary facility in the power station that is capable to operate without continuous supervision. The larger bottom ash or bed ash particles may be suspended in the thick fly ash slurry. Typical image, displayed on the monitor of the computer that supervises and controls the operation of the Circumix process.

8 Licensing Licensing of disposal is subject to local and international regulations and requirements. Typical parameters that are checked are the following: water permeability This value is less than l0-8 m/s in ash stone. This means that the product itself is suitable for insulation, additional lining is not required. Tests are carried out on samples of different sizes. Smaller samples are prepared in laboratories and the measurements are completed in a few weeks. More reliable data are gained from larger samples up to 50 m 3 volumes which require longer time to prepare and to test. Similarly to concrete, the various parameters of ash stone slowly change in time and the final values are reached only after a year or two. density Density of ash stone is more than 1.3 kg/dm 3 which is higher than the product from other processes, consequently the landfill has less volume. compression strength The strength of ash stone is about N/cm 2 that is less than the strength of concrete but more than sufficient in a landfill. quality of leachate Ion content of leachate penetrating ash stone may be less than the same in drinking water which means potentially hazardous ions are firmly bound in ash stone. Ash stone produced by GEA EGI's Circumix system have always met the requirements and the authorities approved the operation of the dense slurry system. Advantages of the Dense Slurry Disposal System dry technology low water consumption low investment cost low operating and maintenance costs high landfill density and less volume solid ash stone, no dusting slurry deliverable by pumps and pipelines pipelines can be laid underground low noise emission very little leachate low ash stone permeability waste water can be utilized to mix the slurry solid wastes are embedded low cost delivery to great distance is possible slurry can be utilized for construction environmentally friendly power plant technology 1985: The first tests with slag - fly ash - water mixtures 1990: The first mixer in the Pécs Power plant, a batch process and mechanical agitation still 1992: The first continuous operation mixer in Tatabánya, Hungary. Ash stone recycling: foundations for a 10,000 m 3 oil tank 1996: The first application for long distance discharge and with bed-ash admixed. 1998: The first project (Mátra) with FGD slurry and plant waste water utilization 2000: The first project in Romania 2003: Jacksonville (USA) project for petrol coke boilers, with two-stage DSS Large scale projects in Romania (total capacity served: >6000MW) Circumix has been continuously developed since 1985

9 Reference Plant Pannon Country Address of the Client Plants capacity (MW) Year of Hand-over Working hours / year Bottom Ash handled in TPH Fly Ash handled in TPH FGD Products handled (Yes / No) Nominal Dense Slurry flow rate (m 3 /h) Total Dense Slurry disposed on landfill area (m 3 ) References Hőerőmű Zrt. Hungary 7612 Pécs, Pbox Tatabányai Erőmű Kft. AES Borsodi Energetikai Kft. Mátrai Erőmű Zrt. SC Collterm SA Jacksonville North Side Generating Station SC Collterm SA Rovinari Power Plant Craiova II. Power Plant Isalnita Power Plant Hungary Hungary Hungary Romania USA Romania Romania Romania Romania No Tatabánya, Pbox. No Kazincbarcika, Ipari út Visonta, Erőmű u Timisoara, Lonovici West Church Street Jacksonville, Florida Timisoara, Lonovici Bucuresti, Bulevardul Lacul Tei Bucuresti, Bulevardul Lacul Tei Bucuresti, Bulevardul Lacul Tei x 19,4 2 x 77,6 No No x 12 2 x 78 No x 20 4 x 160 Yes No x 62,5 2 x 62,5 Yes No x 30 4 x 127 Yes x 9,2 4 x 51 Yes x 7 4 x 55,2 Yes Total: Total:

10 Pécs Power Plant (Hungary) 200 MW Project Name: Project Owner: Location: Capacity: Fuel type: Fuel ash properties Silica as SiO 2 Alumina as Al 2 O 3 Iron oxide as Fe 2 O 3 Calcium oxide as CaO Magnesium oxide as MgO Sulphur as SO 3 Dense slurry properties: Applied technology: Scope: Commissioned in: Complete Dense Ash Slurry Handling System Delivery (main contracting) Pécs Power Plant Co. Ltd. Pécs, Hungary 3*100 tons/h of dry solids mixing units (slag/fly-ash) 2 km slurry transport distance Fly-ash storage system extension Brown coal Bottom ash Coarse ash Fine ash wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% Transport flow rate: 120 m 3 /h Solids / Water mixing ratio: 1:1 Slurry mass density: 1.3 t/m 3 Intermittent (Emulgat) mixing technology Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) turnkey project 1990/91

11 Tatabánya Power Plant (Hungary) 30 MW Project Name: Project Description: Project Owner: Location: Capacity: Fuel type: Fuel ash properties Silica as SiO 2 Alumina as Al 2 O 3 Iron oxide as Fe 2 O 3 Calcium oxide as CaO Magnesium oxide as MgO Sulphur as SO 3 Titan oxide TiO2 Others Dense slurry properties: Applied technology: Scope: Commissioned in: Complete Dense Ash Slurry Handling System Delivery (main contracting) Filling up of an abandoned open pit mine for 2* m 3 capacity heavy fuel oil storage and loading/unloading station implementation Tatabánya Power Plant Co. Ltd. Tatabánya, Hungary 2*20 tons/h of dry solids mixing units (fly-ash) 0.5 km slurry transport distance Brown coal Fine ash wt% wt% 9-15 wt% wt% 2-4 wt% wt% wt% 1-8 wt% Transport flow rate: 30 m 3 /h Solids / Water mixing ratio: 1:1 Slurry mass density: 1.38 t/m 3 CIRCUMIX continuous mixing technology Part of an Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) turnkey project 1993

12 Borsod Power Plant (Hungary) 200 MW Project Name: Project Owner: Location: Equipment: Fuel type: Fuel ash properties Silica as SiO 2 Alumina as Al 2 O 3 Iron oxide as Fe 2 O 3 Calcium oxide as CaO Magnesium oxide as MgO Sulphur as SO 3 Titan oxide TiO2 Others Dense slurry properties: Applied technology: Scope: Commissioned in: Complete Dense Ash Slurry Handling System Delivery (EPC contracting) Borsod Power Plant Co. Ltd. Kazincbarcika, Hungary 2*90 tons/h of dry solids mixing units (slag/fly-ash) 2*100 m 3 /h piston type slurry pump 3 sets of dense slurry transport lines 0.5 km slurry transport distance Brown coal Ash mixture 54.4 wt% 20.2 wt% 5.8 wt% 6.1 wt% 2.0 wt% 7.7 wt% 0.6 wt% 3 wt% Transport flow rate: 100 m 3 /h Solids / Water mixing ratio: 1:1 Slurry mass density: 1.38 t/m 3 CIRCUMIX continuous mixing technology Part of an Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) turnkey project 1993

13 Mátra Power Plant (Hungary) 836 MW installed capacity Project Name: Project Owner: Location: Capacity: Design ash mass flow/mixer Bottom ash Coarse fly ash Fly ash FGD dense gypsum Total ash Fuel type: Fuel ash properties Silica as SiO 2 Alumina as Al 2 O 3 Iron oxide as Fe 2 O 3 Calcium oxide as CaO Magnesium oxide as MgO Sulphur as SO 3 Alkalis as Na 2 O Alkalis as K 2 O Dense slurry properties: Applied technology: Scope: Commissioned in: Complete Dense Ash Slurry Handling System Delivery (EPC contracting) Mátra Power Plant Co. Ltd. Visonta, Hungary 4*160 tons/h of dry solids (bottom ash/fly-ash/fgd gypsum) mixing units (2 in operation / 2 in reserve) 2*750 m 3 /h slag slurry thickener 3*240 m 3 /h, 3.6 km long transport lines 3 sets of centrifugal type slurry pumps in series per transport line slurry distribution system at the discharge area landfill operational technology 30 t/h 2 t/h 94 t/h 34 t/h 160 t/h Brown coal (lignite) from local open cast mines Fly- ash Bottom ash wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% Transport flow rate: 240 m 3 /h Solids / Water mixing ratio: 1:1 Slurry mass density: 1.35 t/m 3 CIRCUMIX continuous hydraulic mixing technology Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) turnkey project 1990/93

14 Timisoara Sud Power Plant (Romania) Project Name: Project Owner: Location: Equipment: Design ash mass flow/mixer Bottom ash (t/h) Coarse fly ash (t/h) Fly ash (t/h) Total ash (t/h) Complete Dense Ash Slurry Handling System Delivery (Equipment delivery and technology supply) Timisoara Sud Power Plant Co. Ltd. Timisoara, Romania 1*20 tons/h of dry solids mixing units (bottom ash/fly-ash) 1*30 m 3 /h 7 km long transport line 1 piston diaphragm type slurry transport pump slurry distribution system at the discharge area landfill operational technology Fuel type: Design ash mass flow rates Bottom ash Coarse fly ash Fly ash Fuel ash properties Silica as SiO 2 Alumina as Al 2 O 3 Iron oxide as Fe 2 O 3 Calcium oxide as CaO Magnesium oxide as MgO Sulphur as SO 3 Dense slurry properties: Applied technology: Scope: Commissioned in: Petroleum coke / Bituminous coal 4.7 t/h 2.0 t/h 13.3 t/h Ash mixture wt% wt% 8.86 wt% 9.29 wt% 3.34 wt% 3.11 wt% Transport flow rate: 30 m 3 /h Solids / Water mixing ratio: 1:1 Slurry mass density: 1.3 t/m 3 CIRCUMIX continuous mixing technology Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) turnkey project 2002

15 Jacksonville North-side Generating Station (USA) 2*300 MW CFB Units Project Name: Project Owner: Location: Equipment: Dense Ash Slurry Mixing Plant Delivery for the Ash Handling System delivered by United Conveyor Corporation for project owner (equipment delivery and technology supply) Jacksonville North-side Generating Station Jacksonville (USA / Florida) 2*62.5 t/h fly ash mixer units as fly ash slurry mixer (first stage) 2*62.5 t/h bed ash mixer units as final ash mixer (second stage) 2*60 m 3 /h, 1.7 km long transport lines 2 piston diaphragm type slurry transport pumps slurry distribution system at the discharge area landfill operational technology Design ash mass flow/mixer Bed ash Fly ash Total ash Fuel type: Fuel ash properties Silica as SiO 2 Alumina as Al 2 O 3 Iron oxide as Fe 2 O 3 Calcium oxide as CaO Magnesium oxide as MgO Sulphur as SO 3 Free CaO Dense slurry properties: Applied technology: Scope: Commissioned in: 62.5 t/h 62.5 t/h t/h Brown coal Ash mixture 9.71 wt% 1.25 wt% 0.69 wt% wt% 3.57 wt% wt% 18.0 wt% Transport flow rate: 120 m 3 /h/ 2 lines Solids / Water mixing ratio: 1.5:1 Slurry mass density: 1.6 t/m 3 CIRCUMIX continuous mixing technology Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) turnkey project 2003

16 Craiova-II. Power Plant (Romania) 300 MW Project Name: Project Owner: Location: Capacity: Specific electric self-consumption for CIRCUMIX Fuel type: Fuel ash properties Silica as SiO 2 Alumina as Al 2 O 3 Iron oxide as Fe 2 O 3 Calcium oxide as CaO Magnesium oxide as MgO Dense slurry properties: Applied technology: Commissioned in: Complete Dense Ash Slurry Handling System Delivery (equipment delivery and technology system) Craiova-II. Power Plant Co. Ltd. Craiova, Romania 48.6 t/h ash flow 3*120 m 3 /h of dense slurry (2 in operation / 1 reserve) 9.4 km long slurry transport line 1.68 kw/t ash Brown coal Fly- ash Bottom ash wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% Transport flow rate: 3*120 m 3 /h Solids / Water mixing ratio: 1:1 Slurry mass density: 1.34 t/m 3 CIRCUMIX continuous hydraulic mixing technology 2009

17 Isalnita Power Plant (Romania) 630 MW Project Name: Project Owner: Location: Capacity: Specific electric self-consumption for CIRCUMIX Design ash mass flow/mixer Bottom ash Fly ash FGD dense gypsum Total ash Fuel type: Fuel ash properties Silica as SiO 2 Alumina as Al 2 O 3 Iron oxide as Fe 2 O 3 Calcium oxide as CaO Magnesium oxide as MgO Dense slurry properties: Applied technology: Commissioned in: Complete Dense Ash Slurry Handling System Delivery (equipment delivery and technology system) Isalnita Power Plant Co. Ltd. Isalnita, Romania 2*315 MW installed capacity 76.7 t/h ash flow 4*120 m 3 /h of dense slurry (2 in operation / 2 reserve) 4.6 km long slurry transport line 1.23 kw/t ash 6.7 t/h 50 t/h 20 t/h 76.7 t/h Brown coal Fly- ash Bottom ash wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% Transport flow rate: 4*120 m 3 /h Solids / Water mixing ratio: 1:1 Slurry mass density: 1.35 t/m 3 CIRCUMIX continuous hydraulic mixing technology 2009

18 Rovinari Power Plant (Romania) 1320 MW Project Name: Project Owner: Location: Capacity: Specific electric self-consumption for CIRCUMIX Design ash mass flow/mixer Bottom ash Fly ash FGD dense gypsum Total ash Fuel type: Fuel ash properties Silica as SiO 2 Alumina as Al 2 O 3 Iron oxide as Fe 2 O 3 Calcium oxide as CaO Magnesium oxide as MgO Dense slurry properties: Applied technology: Commissioned in: Complete Dense Ash Slurry Handling System Delivery (equipment delivery and technology system) Rovinari Power Plant Co. Ltd. Rovinari, Romania 4*330 MW installed capacity 190 t/h ash flow 4*270 m 3 /h of dense slurry (2 in operation / 2 reserve) 5.6 km long slurry transport line 1.17 kw/t ash 30 t/h 127 t/h 33 t/h 190 t/h Brown coal Fly- ash Bottom ash wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% Transport flow rate: 4*270 m 3 /h Solids / Water mixing ratio: 1:1.1 Slurry mass density: 1.41 t/m 3 CIRCUMIX continuous hydraulic mixing technology 2009

19 Turceni Power Plant (Romania) 2310 MW Project Name: Project Owner: Location: Capacity: Specific electric self-consumption for CIRCUMIX Design ash mass flow/mixer Bottom ash Fly ash FGD dense gypsum Total ash Fuel type: Fuel ash properties Silica as SiO 2 Alumina as Al 2 O 3 Iron oxide as Fe 2 O 3 Calcium oxide as CaO Magnesium oxide as MgO Dense slurry properties: Applied technology: Commissioned in: Complete Dense Ash Slurry Handling System Delivery (equipment delivery and technology system) Turceni Power Plant Co. Ltd. Turceni, Romania 7*330 MW installed capacity 160 t/h ash flow 4*235 m 3 /h of dense slurry (2 in operation / 2 reserve) 4.9 km long slurry transport line 1.19 kw/t ash 30 t/h 110 t/h 20 t/h 160 t/h Brown coal Fly- ash Bottom ash wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% Transport flow rate: 4*235 m 3 /h Solids / Water mixing ratio: 1:1 Slurry mass density: 1.41 t/m 3 CIRCUMIX continuous hydraulic mixing technology 2012 (Under construction)

20 We live our values. Excellence Passion Integrity Responsibility GEA-versity 4-20 Irinyi J. Str, Science Park, Bldg."B", Budapest, H-1117, Hungary; Postal Address: P.O. Box 192, Budapest, H-1507, Hungary Registered Office: Budapest; Court of Registration: Budapest Metropolitan Court, Cg Executive Board: András Balogh (President & CEO), László Ludvig, Tamás Lelkes, János Hangyál Chairman of the Supervisory Board: Christoph Michel GEA Heat Exchangers GEA EGI Contracting / Engineering Co. Ltd. Sales Business Unit ACC / Heller Balance of Plant egiinfo@gea.com Irinyi J. u Science Park Bldg B. H-1117 Budapest, Hungary Géza Walter PhD BU Vice President for BOP Systems Tel: Fax: geza.walter@gea.com Péter Fazekas Head of Project Management Tel: Fax: peter.fazekas@gea.com

Multi-pollutant control solutions for coal based power plants

Multi-pollutant control solutions for coal based power plants Multi-pollutant control solutions for coal based power plants By Luca Mancuso and Hans Janssen Content SOx control Wet Scrubbers Open towers Dual Flow Tray Technology Semi-Dry SDA CFB Scrubbers Dust control

More information

1.3 Properties of Coal

1.3 Properties of Coal 1.3 Properties of Classification is classified into three major types namely anthracite, bituminous, and lignite. However there is no clear demarcation between them and coal is also further classified

More information

Coal ash utilisation over the world and in Europe

Coal ash utilisation over the world and in Europe Workshop on Environmental and Health Aspects of Coal Ash Utilization International workshop 23 rd 24 th November 2005 Tel-Aviv, Israel Coal ash utilisation over the world and in Europe Hans-Joachim Feuerborn

More information

CGA Standard Practices Series. Article 600 Standard for Pozzolan Enhanced Grouts Used in Annular Seals & Well Destruction

CGA Standard Practices Series. Article 600 Standard for Pozzolan Enhanced Grouts Used in Annular Seals & Well Destruction California Groundwater Association An NGWA Affiliate State PO Box 14369 Santa Rosa CA 95402 707-578-4408 fax: 707-546-4906 email: cga@groundh2o.org website: www.groundh2o.org CGA Standard Practices Series

More information

TRIAL CHEMICAL CLEANING OF FOULED APH BASKETS

TRIAL CHEMICAL CLEANING OF FOULED APH BASKETS TRIAL CHEMICAL CLEANING OF FOULED APH BASKETS Dr. Abhay Kumar Sahay, AGM(CC OS) Bijay Manjul, AGM( Operation) Kahalgaon Boiler has three inputs Steam generator 1. WATER 2. COAL 3. AIR Burner Air preheater

More information

What is Cement? History Overview of the Cement Manufacturing Process Brief Overview of Kiln Operations Why Burn Wastes?

What is Cement? History Overview of the Cement Manufacturing Process Brief Overview of Kiln Operations Why Burn Wastes? What is Cement? History Overview of the Cement Manufacturing Process Brief Overview of Kiln Operations Why Burn Wastes? A hydraulic cement made by finely pulverizing the clinker produced by calcining to

More information

Removing Thallium from Industrial FGD Scrubber Water with Sorbster Adsorbent Media

Removing Thallium from Industrial FGD Scrubber Water with Sorbster Adsorbent Media Case History MAR Systems Inc. Removing Thallium from Industrial FGD Scrubber Water with Sorbster Adsorbent Media Trace thallium levels in process and wastewater streams pose a human toxicity threat. Tidwell

More information

FURNACEPHOSPHORUS AND PHOSPHORICACID PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM. Report No. 52. July 1969. A private report by. the

FURNACEPHOSPHORUS AND PHOSPHORICACID PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM. Report No. 52. July 1969. A private report by. the Report No. 52 FURNACEPHOSPHORUS AND PHOSPHORICACID by GEORGE E. HADDELAND July 1969 A private report by. the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION........................

More information

Environment Impact Assessment of Thermal Power Plant for Sustainable Development

Environment Impact Assessment of Thermal Power Plant for Sustainable Development International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Management. ISSN 2231-1319, Volume 4, Number 6 (2013), pp. 567-572 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ ijeem.htm Environment

More information

Efficiency on a large scale CFB Steam Boilers

Efficiency on a large scale CFB Steam Boilers Efficiency on a large scale CFB Steam Boilers Circulating Fluidized Bed Steam Boiler The Circulating Fluidized Bed Steam Boiler is an offering from Bosch Thermotechnology a member of the worldwide Bosch

More information

To go into depth on fly ash would be beyond the scope of this paper. Nevertheless, believe us ASH IS CASH.

To go into depth on fly ash would be beyond the scope of this paper. Nevertheless, believe us ASH IS CASH. COAL (FLY) ASH To go into depth on fly ash would be beyond the scope of this paper. Nevertheless, believe us ASH IS CASH. During the course of the research on my blended cement, I realized that the research

More information

GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG & SLAG CEMENT

GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG & SLAG CEMENT GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG & SLAG CEMENT GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG Blast Furnace Slag is an industrial by-product for production of pig iron from iron ore in blast furnaces. Raw iron is decomposed

More information

Iron and Steel Manufacturing

Iron and Steel Manufacturing Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook WORLD BANK GROUP Effective July 1998 Iron and Steel Manufacturing Industry Description and Practices Steel is manufactured by the chemical reduction of iron

More information

Well Positioned for the Future

Well Positioned for the Future Dominion Generation Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center Well Positioned for the Future The Coal Institute July 13, 2015 Rick Boyd Manager of Fuel Origination & Operations 1 Dominion Profile Operating Segments

More information

Assessing the Changes Required by the Industrial Boiler MACT Regulations

Assessing the Changes Required by the Industrial Boiler MACT Regulations Technical Paper MS-17 Assessing the Changes Required by the Industrial Boiler MACT Regulations Authors: A.L. LeClair L.M. McDermitt Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Barberton, Ohio, U.S.A

More information

Roadmap Performance Target Best technology Capability

Roadmap Performance Target Best technology Capability Sulfur Dioxide Control Technologies In Electric Power Plants CCTR Basic Facts File #5 Brian H. Bowen, Marty W. Irwin The Energy Center at Discovery Park Purdue University CCTR, Potter Center, 500 Central

More information

Fluidized Bed Based CO 2 Capture by Carbonate Looping

Fluidized Bed Based CO 2 Capture by Carbonate Looping Fluidized Bed Based CO 2 Capture by Carbonate Looping Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Epple bernd.epple@est.tu-darmstadt.de www.est.tu-darmstadt.de Tel. +49 6151 16 4717 1 Carbonator: T 450 750 C CaO + CO 2 CaCO

More information

CHAPTER 7 THE DEHYDRATION AND SWEETENING OF NATURAL GAS

CHAPTER 7 THE DEHYDRATION AND SWEETENING OF NATURAL GAS CHAPTER 7 THE DEHYDRATION AND SWEETENING OF NATURAL GAS Natural gases either from natural production or storage reservoirs contain water, which condense and form solid gas hydrates to block pipeline flow

More information

EXTRACTION OF METALS

EXTRACTION OF METALS 1 EXTRACTION OF METALS Occurrence ores of some metals are very common (iron, aluminium) others occur only in limited quantities in selected areas ores need to be purified before being reduced to the metal

More information

Coal Properties, Sampling & Ash Characteristics by Rod Hatt Coal Combustion, Inc. Versailles, KY 859-873-0188

Coal Properties, Sampling & Ash Characteristics by Rod Hatt Coal Combustion, Inc. Versailles, KY 859-873-0188 Coal Properties, Sampling & Ash Characteristics by Rod Hatt Coal Combustion, Inc. Versailles, KY 859-873-0188 Introduction The Powder River Coal is classified as sub-bituminous ranked coal. Coal rank is

More information

Waste to Energy in Düsseldorf. for a clean city.

Waste to Energy in Düsseldorf. for a clean city. Waste to Energy in Düsseldorf for a clean city. Waste Management in Düsseldorf. Düsseldorf s public utilities company known as Stadtwerke Düsseldorf operates a waste to energy plant (WtE) that has been

More information

A pound of coal supplies enough electricity to power ten 100-watt light bulbs for about an hour.

A pound of coal supplies enough electricity to power ten 100-watt light bulbs for about an hour. Did You Know? A pound of coal supplies enough electricity to power ten 100-watt light bulbs for about an hour. Nonrenewable Coal Coal Basics Coal Takes Millions of Years To Create Coal is a combustible

More information

By K.K.Parthiban / Boiler specialist / Venus Energy Audit System

By K.K.Parthiban / Boiler specialist / Venus Energy Audit System FINE TUNING EXPERIENCE OF A CFBC BOILER By K.K.Parthiban / Boiler specialist / Venus Energy Audit System Introduction The Industrial boilers have been seeing a growth in capacity in the recent years. Current

More information

Best Practice in Boiler Water Treatment

Best Practice in Boiler Water Treatment Best Practice in Boiler Water Treatment Boiler Water Treatment Part 2 Internal Treatment Objectives of Internal Water Treatment 1 To control the level of total dissolved solids (TDS) within the boiler

More information

BOILER OPERATORS HANDBOOK

BOILER OPERATORS HANDBOOK BOILER OPERATORS HANDBOOK prepared by National Industrial Fuel Efficiency Service Ltd. Graham & Trotman First published in 1959 as the New Stoker's Manual and in 1969 as The Boiler Operators Handbook This

More information

If you have questions regarding the submittal information, please contact Mr. Jeffrey Davis at (713)795-6207.

If you have questions regarding the submittal information, please contact Mr. Jeffrey Davis at (713)795-6207. ./'""~ NR~ CERTIFIED MAIL May 18,2009 Mr. Richard Kinch US Environmental Protection Agency (5306P) 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 SUBJECT: Request for Information Under Section 104(e)

More information

DURABILITY OF MORTAR LININGS IN DUCTILE IRON PIPES Durability of mortar linings

DURABILITY OF MORTAR LININGS IN DUCTILE IRON PIPES Durability of mortar linings DURABILITY OF MORTAR LININGS IN DUCTILE IRON PIPES Durability of mortar linings I. S. MELAND SINTEF Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cement and Concrete, Trondheim, Norway Durability of Building Materials

More information

Antonio Jose Cumbane (PhD) Maputo, 31 st May 2011

Antonio Jose Cumbane (PhD) Maputo, 31 st May 2011 Environmental Health and Safety Aspects in the Cement Industry Antonio Jose Cumbane (PhD) Maputo, 31 st May 2011 Content The Mozambique Cement Industry Cement manufacturing Environmental Health and Safety

More information

Stora Enso Fors Ltd Sweden

Stora Enso Fors Ltd Sweden THE ANALYSIS REPORT OF PLANT NO. 3 Cofiring of biomass - evaluation of fuel procurement and handling in selected existing plants and exchange of information (COFIRING) - Part 2 Stora Enso Fors Ltd Sweden

More information

Subject : Commission Consultation on the review of the Hazardous Properties

Subject : Commission Consultation on the review of the Hazardous Properties Letter sent to European Commission : ENV-LIST-OF-WASTE-TECHNICAL-PAPER@ec.europa.eu Subject : Commission Consultation on the review of the Hazardous Properties Brussels, 29 May 2012 Dear Sir/Madam, Members

More information

How To Make Calcium Carbide

How To Make Calcium Carbide 11.4 Calcium Carbide Manufacturing 11.4.1 General Calcium carbide (CaC 2 ) is manufactured by heating a lime and carbon mixture to 2000 to 2100 C (3632 to 3812 F) in an electric arc furnace. At those temperatures,

More information

Description of Thermal Oxidizers

Description of Thermal Oxidizers Description of Thermal Oxidizers NESTEC, Inc. is a full service equipment supplier specializing in solutions for plant emission problems. The benefit in working with NESTEC, Inc. is we bring 25+ years

More information

PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL COMMERCIAL LIME PRODUCTS. Quicklimes High Calcium Dolomitic

PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL COMMERCIAL LIME PRODUCTS. Quicklimes High Calcium Dolomitic National Lime Association L I M E The Versatile Chemical Fact Sheet PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL COMMERCIAL LIME PRODUCTS Quicklimes High Calcium Dolomitic Primary Constituents CaO CaO MgO Specific Gravity 3.2-3.4

More information

www.klmtechgroup.com TABLE OF CONTENT

www.klmtechgroup.com TABLE OF CONTENT Page : 1 of 38 Project Engineering Standard www.klmtechgroup.com KLM Technology #03-12 Block Aronia, Jalan Sri Perkasa 2 Taman Tampoi Utama 81200 Johor Bahru Malaysia CAUSTIC AND CHEMICAL TABLE OF CONTENT

More information

B0401 Abstract 029 Oral Presentation Session B04 Innovative Applications and Designs - Tuesday, July 1, 2008 16:00 h

B0401 Abstract 029 Oral Presentation Session B04 Innovative Applications and Designs - Tuesday, July 1, 2008 16:00 h Reference System for a Power Plant Based on Biomass Gasification and SOFC Richard Toonssen, Nico Woudstra, Adrian H.M. Verkooijen Delft University of Technology Energy Technology, Process & Energy department

More information

Research and Development Information

Research and Development Information Portland Cement Association Research and Development Information 5420 Old Orchard Road Skokie, IL U.S.A. 60077-1083 Fax (847) 966-9781 (847) 966-6200 PCA R&D Serial No. 2086 The Reduction of Resource Input

More information

Sulfur Tail Gas Thermal Oxidizer Systems By Peter Pickard

Sulfur Tail Gas Thermal Oxidizer Systems By Peter Pickard Sulfur Tail Gas Thermal Oxidizer Systems By Peter Pickard Introduction SRU s (Sulfur Recovery Units) are critical pieces of equipment in refineries and gas plants. SRUs remove sulfur compounds from certain

More information

2050 LOW CARBON ECONOMY Executive Summary THE EUROPEAN CEMENT ASSOCIATION

2050 LOW CARBON ECONOMY Executive Summary THE EUROPEAN CEMENT ASSOCIATION The role of CEMENT in the 2050 LOW CARBON ECONOMY Executive Summary THE EUROPEAN CEMENT ASSOCIATION Concrete is the third most used substance in the world after air and water, a staple of modern life and

More information

I BAU HAMBURG Dry Product Handling

I BAU HAMBURG Dry Product Handling IBAU HAMBURG Your efficient partner for modern and effective bulk material handling I BAU HAMBURG PLANT DESIGN - ENGINEERING - EPC-CONTRACTING CEMENT - THERMAL POWER - MINERALS Central Cone Silos Single

More information

Overview of Integrated Coal Gasification Combined-cycle Technology Using Low-rank Coal

Overview of Integrated Coal Gasification Combined-cycle Technology Using Low-rank Coal 19 Overview of Integrated Coal Gasification Combined-cycle Technology Using Low-rank Coal TAKAO HASHIMOTO *1 KOICHI SAKAMOTO *2 YOSHIKI YAMAGUCHI *3 KOJI OURA *4 KENICHI ARIMA *5 TAKESHI SUZUKI *6 Mitsubishi

More information

Chapter Two Types of Cement The properties of cement during hydration vary according to:

Chapter Two Types of Cement The properties of cement during hydration vary according to: Chapter Two Types of Cement The properties of cement during hydration vary according to: Chemical composition Degree of fineness It is possible to manufacture different types of cement by changing the

More information

INCINERATION IN JAPAN

INCINERATION IN JAPAN INCINERATION IN JAPAN DR. CHIAKI IZUMIKAWA Regulations in the environmental field are becoming severe and severe. At the same time, NIMBY syndrome is becoming stronger day by day. The cost of incineration

More information

Sustainable Resource Management Ltd

Sustainable Resource Management Ltd 6.0 Predicted nvironmental Impacts 6. Stages and Impacts Considered An nvironmental Impact Analysis has been carried out whereby all the possible environmental, socio economic and health & safety aspects

More information

Coal waste slurries as a fuel for integrated gasification combined cycle plants

Coal waste slurries as a fuel for integrated gasification combined cycle plants Coal waste slurries as a fuel for integrated gasification combined cycle plants Marcin A. Lutynski 1,a, and Aleksander Lutynski 2 1 Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mining and Geology, ul.

More information

Estimated emissions and CO2 savings deriving from adoption of in-place recycling techniques for road pavements

Estimated emissions and CO2 savings deriving from adoption of in-place recycling techniques for road pavements Estimated emissions and CO2 savings deriving from adoption of in-place recycling techniques for road pavements Introduction Objective: to estimate the CO2 emissions produced by road surface construction

More information

AS B E S T O S C O N V E R S I O N P R O C E S S ( AC P )

AS B E S T O S C O N V E R S I O N P R O C E S S ( AC P ) AS B E S T O S C O N V E R S I O N P R O C E S S ( AC P ) Dipl.-Ing. F.W. Mayer, Dr. H. Kolb, Prof. Dr. A. Mayer, Dipl.-Ing. T. Pollak ARP - Analysing, Recycling, Processing GmbH and Mining University

More information

Development and Operating Results of Low SO2 to SO3 Conversion Rate Catalyst for DeNOx Application

Development and Operating Results of Low SO2 to SO3 Conversion Rate Catalyst for DeNOx Application Development and Operating Results of Low SO2 to SO3 Conversion Rate Catalyst for DeNOx Application By Isato Morita Yoshinori Nagai Dr. Yasuyoshi Kato Babcock-Hitachi K.K., Japan Dr.Howard N. Franklin Hitachi

More information

Plasma Arc Technology

Plasma Arc Technology Engineering & Environmental Applications of Plasma Arc Technology Louis J. Circeo, Ph.D. Principal Research Scientist Director, Plasma Applications Research Program Electro-Optics, Environment and Materials

More information

Clinker grinding test in a laboratory ball mill using clinker burning with pet-coke and coal

Clinker grinding test in a laboratory ball mill using clinker burning with pet-coke and coal International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 3, Issue 9 (September 214), PP.3-34 Clinker grinding test in a laboratory ball mill using

More information

I. STEAM GENERATION, BOILER TYPES

I. STEAM GENERATION, BOILER TYPES I. STEAM GENERATION, BOILER TYPES and BOILER PLANT SYSTEMS 1 Steam Generation Water s Unique Properties: High Thermal Capacity (Specific Heat) High Critical Temperature Ideal Medium for Heat Delivery High

More information

Flue Gas Desulfurization

Flue Gas Desulfurization Over 100 Years of Process and Mechanical Reliability Flue Gas Desulfurization Cleaner Answers to Your FGD System PEOPLE, PROCESS, PRODUCTS, PERFORMANCE GUARANTEED Agitation & Oxidation Limestone Slurry,

More information

Waste Incineration Plants

Waste Incineration Plants Waste Incineration Plants Modern Technology for a better Environmental Welcome at Hafner! We Manufacture Systems for Energy Recovery from Wastes and Biomass as well as for Treatment of Hazardous Wastes.

More information

steam centre of excellence Steam Boiler System Optimization

steam centre of excellence Steam Boiler System Optimization Steam Boiler System Optimization Introduction Gas Cost Metering Fluids Fuel, Water, Steam Steam Costs Boiler House Stack Losses Boiler Waterside Surfaces Blowdown Current Natural Gas Cost Projected Cost

More information

Filter Aid Filtration

Filter Aid Filtration Filter Aid Filtration Filtration is the separation of solids from liquids by forcing the liquid to flow through a porous medium and depositing the solids on the medium. A filter aid (finely divided material

More information

Rotary Drum Vacuum Filters for Production of Wallboard-Grade Gypsum

Rotary Drum Vacuum Filters for Production of Wallboard-Grade Gypsum Rotary Drum Vacuum Filters for Production of Wallboard-Grade Gypsum Paper #19 Kevin Hibbert NB Power, 515 King Street, Fredericton, NB E3B 5G4 Canada Carl Weilert Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company,

More information

State of the Art (SOTA) Manual for Boilers and Process Heaters

State of the Art (SOTA) Manual for Boilers and Process Heaters State of the Art (SOTA) Manual for Boilers and Process Heaters Original Date: July 1997 Revision Date: February 22, 2004 State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Air Quality Permitting

More information

Fly Ash Separation Technology and its Potential Applications

Fly Ash Separation Technology and its Potential Applications Fly Ash Separation Technology and its Potential Applications Yang Dong, Jinder Jow, Jianhui Su and Shih-Yaw Lai Performance Materials Center, National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, P.O. Box

More information

University of Iowa Power Plant

University of Iowa Power Plant University of Iowa Power Plant Contents Purpose... 2 History... 3 Cogeneration... 6 Boilers... 7 Environmental Impact... 10 Steam Turbine Generators... 12 Modernization... 14 Biomass Fuel Initiative...

More information

POLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS FROM INCINERATOR GASES

POLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS FROM INCINERATOR GASES POLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS FROM INCINERATOR GASES Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu 35700 Rennes, France Tel 33 (0)2 23 23 80 02 Fax 33 (0)2 23 23 81

More information

Performance of the Boiler and To Improving the Boiler Efficiency Using Cfd Modeling

Performance of the Boiler and To Improving the Boiler Efficiency Using Cfd Modeling IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 8, Issue 6 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 25-29 Performance of the Boiler and To Improving the Boiler Efficiency

More information

WASHING PROCESS OF CARGO TANKS ON TANKERS FOR TRANSPORTATION OF CRUDE OIL

WASHING PROCESS OF CARGO TANKS ON TANKERS FOR TRANSPORTATION OF CRUDE OIL WASHING PROCESS OF CARGO TANKS ON TANKERS FOR TRANSPORTATION OF CRUDE OIL Siniša Stojan, Ph.D. student Damir Dražić, Ph.D. student Brodotrogir, HR - 21220 Trogir, Croatia sinisa.stojan@brodotrogir.hr,

More information

RECOVERING RESOURCES FOR ALL. Integra North Energy Recovery Facility

RECOVERING RESOURCES FOR ALL. Integra North Energy Recovery Facility RECOVERING RESOURCES FOR ALL Integra North Energy Recovery Facility Integra North Energy Recovery Facility (ERF) was the first of its kind to be built in Hampshire and one of the leading examples of best

More information

Ecological Aspects of Oil Shale Processing

Ecological Aspects of Oil Shale Processing Abstract Ecological Aspects of Oil Shale Processing Y. Zhirjakov, Institute of Oil Shale Research Tallinn Technical University Tallinn, Estonia 26 th Oil Shale Symposium Oil shale belongs to lean and environmentally

More information

Improving the Thermal Efficiency of Coal-Fired Power Plants: A Data Mining Approach

Improving the Thermal Efficiency of Coal-Fired Power Plants: A Data Mining Approach Paper 1805-2014 Improving the Thermal Efficiency of Coal-Fired Power Plants: A Data Mining Approach Thanrawee Phurithititanapong and Jongsawas Chongwatpol NIDA Business School, National Institute of Development

More information

RECOVERING RESOURCES FOR ALL. Integra South East Energy Recovery Facility

RECOVERING RESOURCES FOR ALL. Integra South East Energy Recovery Facility RECOVERING RESOURCES FOR ALL Integra South East Energy Recovery Facility Integra South East Energy Recovery Facility (ERF) is the third of its kind to be built in Hampshire and is a leading example of

More information

Tutkimuksen merkitys menestyvässä liiketoiminnassa- Innovaatiosta tuotteeksi

Tutkimuksen merkitys menestyvässä liiketoiminnassa- Innovaatiosta tuotteeksi Tutkimuksen merkitys menestyvässä liiketoiminnassa- Innovaatiosta tuotteeksi Matti Rautanen Manager, External Networks, Power-wide R&D Tutkimuksella tulevaisuuteen- seminaari Kaukolämpöpäivät, Kuopio 29.8.2013

More information

6 CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES

6 CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES 6 CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES 6.1.1 Schedule 4 of the Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Scotland) Regulations 2011 sets out the information for inclusion in Environmental Statements

More information

Biomass Energy Demonstration Grant BES-10-10 Lansing Board of Water & Light

Biomass Energy Demonstration Grant BES-10-10 Lansing Board of Water & Light Biomass Energy Demonstration Grant BES-10-10 Lansing Board of Water & Light Introduction The Lansing Board of Water & Light (BWL) is a publicly owned utility owned by the citizens of Lansing. It is the

More information

Extracting Valuable Lignin for Biorefinary Production and Replacement of Fossil Fuels

Extracting Valuable Lignin for Biorefinary Production and Replacement of Fossil Fuels Extracting Valuable Lignin for Biorefinary Production and Replacement of Fossil Fuels Extrayendo valiosa lignina para Producción en Biorefinería y sustitución de Combustibles Fósiles Anders Larsson Martin

More information

A Review of Biomass Boiler Technologies. Fernando Preto CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada

A Review of Biomass Boiler Technologies. Fernando Preto CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada A Review of Biomass Boiler Technologies Fernando Preto CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada Agricultural Biomass for Combustion Energy April 14 2011, Guelph About CanmetENERGY CanmetENERGY is a science

More information

Biomass Boiler House Best Practices. Irene Coyle & Fernando Preto CanmetENERGY

Biomass Boiler House Best Practices. Irene Coyle & Fernando Preto CanmetENERGY Biomass Boiler House Best Practices Irene Coyle & Fernando Preto CanmetENERGY Growing the Margins London, Ontario March 2010 The Biomass & Renewables Group of Industrial Innovation Group (IIG) of CanmetENERGY

More information

12 November 2008 *** I:\CIRC\MEPC\01\642.DOC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 ALBERT EMBANKMENT LONDON SE1 7SR

12 November 2008 *** I:\CIRC\MEPC\01\642.DOC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 ALBERT EMBANKMENT LONDON SE1 7SR INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 ALBERT EMBANKMENT LONDON SE1 7SR Telephone: 020 7735 7611 Fax: 020 7587 3210 IMO E Ref. T5/1.01 MEPC.1/Circ.642 12 November 2008 2008 REVISED GUIDELINES FOR SYSTEMS

More information

LIST OF STANDARD CLASSIFICATION CODES (SCC) Emission Statement Report Of Actual Emissions

LIST OF STANDARD CLASSIFICATION CODES (SCC) Emission Statement Report Of Actual Emissions LIST OF STANDARD CLASSIFICATION CODES (SCC) Emission Statement Report Of Actual Emissions 1 ORGANIZATION OF SCCs The four levels of source descriptions for SCCs are associated with the first 1, 3, 6, and

More information

Use of Substitute Fuels in Large Combustion Plants (LCPs)

Use of Substitute Fuels in Large Combustion Plants (LCPs) Use of Substitute Fuels in Large Combustion Plants (LCPs) By Pat Swords Content of the Presentation What are substitute fuels What is the experience to date with these fuels What are the regulatory implications

More information

Energy Efficient Operations and Maintenance Strategies for Boilers

Energy Efficient Operations and Maintenance Strategies for Boilers Energy Efficient Operations and Maintenance Strategies for Boilers Large, complex and widely used, industrial boilers are major consumers of fuel. Proper operations and maintenance (O&M) procedures must

More information

COMBUSTION. By: Michael Biarnes. In collaboration with: Bill Freed and Jason Esteves. E Instruments International LLC - www.e-inst.

COMBUSTION. By: Michael Biarnes. In collaboration with: Bill Freed and Jason Esteves. E Instruments International LLC - www.e-inst. COMBUSTION By: Michael Biarnes In collaboration with: Bill Freed and Jason Esteves E Instruments International LLC - www.e-inst.com 1 Combustion What is Combustion? Combustion takes place when fuel, most

More information

DIN 2403 Identification of pipelines according to the fluid conveyed. Marking of pipes according to fluid transported

DIN 2403 Identification of pipelines according to the fluid conveyed. Marking of pipes according to fluid transported DIN 2403 Identification of pipelines according to the fluid conveyed. Marking of pipes according to fluid transported 1 Field of application This standard specifies the colours for the identification of

More information

SNOX flue gas treatment for boilers burning high-sulphur fuels

SNOX flue gas treatment for boilers burning high-sulphur fuels SNOX flue gas treatment for boilers burning high-sulphur fuels SNOX flue gas treatment for boilers burning high-sulphur fuels 1 / 18 Summary The processing of more and more high-sulphur crude oil makes

More information

2nd IEA Oxyfuel Combustion Conference

2nd IEA Oxyfuel Combustion Conference 2nd IEA Oxyfuel Combustion Conference Oxyfuel Combustion with Hitachi's DST - Burner at Vattenfall's 30Wth Pilot Plant at Schwarze Pumpe S. Rehfeldt, F.-P. Schiffer, P. Weckes, C. Bergins, K.-D. Tigges

More information

Birmingham City University / Students Union Aspects and Impacts Register. Waste. Impacts description

Birmingham City University / Students Union Aspects and Impacts Register. Waste. Impacts description Birmingham City University / Students Union and Impacts Register Waste Production of non - hazardous waste Production of hazardous waste Storage of non - hazardous waste Potential for waste to be disposed

More information

Phoenix Process Engineering, Inc. Project Experience Helping Clients Achieve MACT Compliance

Phoenix Process Engineering, Inc. Project Experience Helping Clients Achieve MACT Compliance Phoenix Process Engineering, Inc. Project Experience Helping Clients Achieve MACT Compliance The Boiler MACT, 40 CFR 63, Subpart DDDDD, was vacated in 2007 by the U.S Court of Appeals and the 2004 rule

More information

Outlook on Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technology

Outlook on Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technology The IGCC Process: From Coal To Clean Electric Power Outlook on Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technology Testimony of Edward Lowe Gas Turbine-Combined Cycle Product Line Manager General

More information

The National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors 1055 Crupper Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43229 614.888.8320

The National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors 1055 Crupper Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43229 614.888.8320 TheNationalBoardofBoilerandPressureVesselInspectors 1055CrupperAvenue Columbus,Ohio43229 614.888.8320 NB-410, Revision 3 Sept, 2015 1 1.0 GENERAL The purpose of this document is to provide basic guidelines

More information

COMPARISON OF PROCESS FLOWS: FLUID BED COMBUSTOR AND GLASSPACK

COMPARISON OF PROCESS FLOWS: FLUID BED COMBUSTOR AND GLASSPACK COMPARISON OF PROCESS FLOWS: FLUID BED COMBUSTOR AND GLASSPACK PURPOSE The purpose of this document is to present the assumptions and calculations used to prepare Minergy Drawing 100-0204-PP00 (attached).

More information

Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery Via Proven & Safe Chemical Tank Cleaning

Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery Via Proven & Safe Chemical Tank Cleaning Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery Via Proven & Safe Chemical Tank Cleaning Contents Introduction Tank Storage and Cleaning - Main Issues Vision Petroleum s Solution Features Benefits of the V6 Sludge Breaker

More information

Arecibo Resource Recovery Project

Arecibo Resource Recovery Project Arecibo Resource Recovery Project Energy Answers International, Inc., through its subsidiary, Energy Answers Arecibo, LLC, is developing a 77 MW Resource Recovery Project to generate renewable energy and

More information

Rauhalahti Biomass CHP Plant

Rauhalahti Biomass CHP Plant Rauhalahti Biomass CHP Plant Jyväskylän Energiantuotanto Oy, a heat production company owned by Fortum Heat and Power (%) and the City of Jyväskylä (40%), owns in all 29 boilers. Two of these are power

More information

How To Run A Power Plant

How To Run A Power Plant CO 2 Capture at the Kemper County IGCC Project 2011 NETL CO 2 Capture Technology Meeting Kemper County IGCC Overview 2x1 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) 2 TRansport Integrated Gasifiers (TRIG

More information

POLYCITY. Technical measures and experiences at a 6 MW cogeneration plant with wood chip furnace POLYCITY

POLYCITY. Technical measures and experiences at a 6 MW cogeneration plant with wood chip furnace POLYCITY Technical measures and experiences at a 6 MW cogeneration plant with wood chip furnace Content 1. Technical overview cogeneration plant and heating network 2. Investment of the facility 3. Experiences

More information

A guide to volume measurement solutions for the. Mining Industry. Changing the market from level to volume

A guide to volume measurement solutions for the. Mining Industry. Changing the market from level to volume A guide to volume measurement solutions for the Mining Industry 1 Changing the market from level to volume Potash Production 2 Changing the market from level to volume Potash Production Potash Production

More information

CNG Fueling Developments and Renewable Conversion to RNG Technology and Update on a RNG Fleet

CNG Fueling Developments and Renewable Conversion to RNG Technology and Update on a RNG Fleet CNG Fueling Developments and Renewable Conversion to RNG Technology and Update on a RNG Fleet NY State Chapter of SWANA, Albany. NY. June 13, 2013 Bernard Sheff, PE, Vice President Anaergia Inc. Agenda

More information

13.2.4 Aggregate Handling And Storage Piles. 13.2.4.1 General

13.2.4 Aggregate Handling And Storage Piles. 13.2.4.1 General 13.2.4 Aggregate Handling And Storage Piles 13.2.4.1 General Inherent in operations that use minerals in aggregate form is the maintenance of outdoor storage piles. Storage piles are usually left uncovered,

More information

Babcock & Wilcox's IR-CFB Boiler Technology. S. P. Ganeshan. Papertech -2010, Hyderabad. Divisional Manager, Thermax Limited, Boilers & Heaters Group

Babcock & Wilcox's IR-CFB Boiler Technology. S. P. Ganeshan. Papertech -2010, Hyderabad. Divisional Manager, Thermax Limited, Boilers & Heaters Group Babcock & Wilcox's IR-CFB Boiler Technology S. P. Ganeshan Divisional Manager, Thermax Limited, Boilers & Heaters Group Papertech -2010, Hyderabad Thursday 17, June 2010 1 Thermax - Vision To be a globally

More information

Environmental Technology March/April 1998

Environmental Technology March/April 1998 Treating Metal Finishing Wastewater Sultan I. Amer, Ph.D. AQUACHEM INC. Environmental Technology March/April 1998 Wastewater from metal finishing industries contains high concentrations of contaminants

More information

Residues from aluminium dross recycling in cement

Residues from aluminium dross recycling in cement Characterisation of Mineral Wastes, Resources and Processing technologies Integrated waste management for the production of construction material WRT 177 / WR0115 Case Study: Residues from aluminium dross

More information

Stabilization of Soil with Self-Cementing Coal Ashes

Stabilization of Soil with Self-Cementing Coal Ashes 2005 World of Coal Ash (WOCA), April 11-15, 2005, Lexington, Kentucky, USA http://www.flyash.info Stabilization of Soil with Self-Cementing Coal Ashes Scott M. Mackiewicz, 1 E. Glen Ferguson, 2 1 & 2 Kleinfelder,

More information

Long-Term Demonstration of CO2 Recovery from the Flue Gas of a Coal-Fired Power Station

Long-Term Demonstration of CO2 Recovery from the Flue Gas of a Coal-Fired Power Station Long-Term Demonstration of CO2 Recovery from the Flue Gas of a Coal-Fired Power Station MASAKI IIJIMA* 1 SHOJIRO IWASAKI* 1 SHINYA KISHIMOTO* 1 TORU TAKASHINA* 2 SUSUMU OKINO* 2 There is now a growing

More information

GUIDELINES FOR PROCESSING AND USING REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) IN CEMENT INDUSTRY

GUIDELINES FOR PROCESSING AND USING REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) IN CEMENT INDUSTRY 1 GUIDELINES FOR PROCESSING AND USING REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) IN CEMENT INDUSTRY August, 2012 Government of Pakistan Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Ministry of Climate Change) Islamabad 2

More information

EFFECT OF NANO-SILICA ON CONCRETE CONTAINING METAKAOLIN

EFFECT OF NANO-SILICA ON CONCRETE CONTAINING METAKAOLIN International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2016, pp. 104-112, Article ID: IJCIET_07_01_009 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=7&itype=1

More information