Päästöt ilmaan puunhankintaketjussa. Ympäristönäkökohtien huomioonottaminen puunkorjuun arjessa Metsätieteen päivä Arto Kariniemi

Transcription

1 Päästöt ilmaan puunhankintaketjussa Ympäristönäkökohtien huomioonottaminen puunkorjuun arjessa Metsätieteen päivä Arto Kariniemi

2 Metsäteho s Calculation Model - Emissions and Total Energy and Fuel Consumption Silviculture Forest-improvement Works Harvesting Long-distance Transportation Biomass Supply Chains NO x CO 2 CO HC SO 2 Particles KWh/m 3 /m 3 MJ/m 3 Harrowing, scarification, ploughing Mounding Tending of seedlling stands Planting Mechanised planting Clearing of regeneration areas Forest fertilisation Ditch cleaning and suplementary ditching Improvement of young stands Construction of new forest roads Transport-to-work Motor-manual felling Basic improvemnet of forest roads Initial clearings of intermediate felling areas Maintanance of forest roads Mechanised felling Transportation of machinery By road to railway By road to floating point Haulage Chipping By road to mill Rail transportation Floating Barge transportation Arto Kariniemi

3 Backround Information History of the model Pilot calculation 1994 (many R&D projects related to environmental aspects) Calculation Model 2000 TYKO 1999 model/vtt (The emission model of working machines) EcoData-model/KCL (Energy and emissions of long-distance transportation) Statistics by assortment on 1999 Machinery survey on 1999 Calculation Model 2008 Machinery survey on 2007 (>> only biomass) TYKO 2006 model/vtt (>> uptated november 2006: updating of this model) EcoData-model/KCL (>> cross checking) Metsäteho: VTT: KCL: Privatelly owned Finnish R&D company (wood production and wood procurement) Technical Research Centre of Finland Privatelly owned Finnish paper and pulp research company Arto Kariniemi

4 Corner Stones of the Model Metsäteho s point of view Statistic driven Metsäteho s annual statistics of wood production and wood procurement Volumes, costs and conditions / Forest industry organisations / Finland Part of Finnish Statistical Yearbook of Forestry Metsäteho s machinery survey (1994, 1999) R&D driven Metsäteho s productivity functions of forest works Metsäteho s knowledgement of performance (m 3, ha) Research of fuel consumption, functions (lorry) Legimative driven (VTT, European standards, UN) Fuel consumption models (train, barge, vessel, car) Equations for emissions Arto Kariniemi

5 Input Data Volume silviculture and forest-improvement works felling and haulage, chipping long-distance transportation Machinery Type, age, engine power Productivity and productivity factors as well as fuel and fluid consumption silviculture and forest-improvement works felling and haulage, chipping long-distance transportation Transport-to-work factors Arto Kariniemi

6 Results 1 Total energy and fuel consumption, and emission levels, for the main operations involved in delivering roundwood to the mills. These are mainly used for environmental reporting purposes. The total consumption and emissions for forestry and long-distance transportation are compared with the total energy consumption and emissions for Finnish land and water transportation, and the emissions of the pulp and paper industry. Land and water transportation includes all domestic road, rail and water transportation methods used for roundwood. The land and water transportation figures are taken from the VTT Lipasto calculation system. The pulp and paper industry figures are taken form the Finnish Forest Industry Federation's environmental yearbook. Arto Kariniemi

7 Results 2 Fuel consumption and emissions for wood production, timber harvesting and long-distance transportation as well as forest biomass supply chains devided to into different parts of the operation, by timber assortment, by felling method and timber assortment. The result includes energy consumption and emissions of road, rail and water transportation of domestic roundwood. Figures can be utilised also in the pulp and paper production related to LCA calculations. Arto Kariniemi

8 And what we really need In the Future National model >> Universal model GHG (CO 2 -eq) > Waterproofprint >?!?!?! Mills, Products Forest biomass (harvesting) Chips and sawdust (long-distance transportation) Indicators (management/quality systems, reporting) Arto Kariniemi

9 Forest Chip Production and CO 2 -eq Emissions in Finland in 2020 Arto Kariniemi Kalle Kärhä

10 Distribution of Forest Biomass Supply by Type of Forest Chips Raw Material 20 % logging residues small-sized thinning wood stump and root wood 45 % 35 % m 3 sob Arto Kariniemi 10

11 Distribution of Chipping Methods by Volumes and Some Examples of Forest Biomass Supply Chains Roadside landing Plant 25 % 50 % at site at roadside landing at terminal 25 % at plant Terminal Arto Kariniemi 11

12 Distribution of Chipping Methods by Forest Biomass Sources Logging residues Small-sized thinning wood Stump and root wood 20 % 15 % 10 % 25 % 55 % 20 % 65 % 55 % 35 % Arto Kariniemi 12

13 Distribution of Long-distance Transportation Volumes 15 % truck from roadside to plant 6 % 6 % 6 % 12 % 55 % truck from roadside to terminal truck from terminal to plant electrical train from terminal to plant diesel train from terminal to plant barge from terminal to plant m 3 km Arto Kariniemi 13

14 Distribution of Long-distance Transportation Volumes by Forest Biomass Sources Logging residues Small-sized thinning wood Stump and root wood 5 % 5 % 15 % 5 % 15 % 5 % 15 % 10 % 35 % 5 % 10 % 60 % 5 % 10 % 60 % 10 % 10 % 20 % m 3 km Arto Kariniemi 14

15 Energy Input/Output Total: MWh/MWh / supply of 12 Mill. m 3 Variation between supply chains: Arto Kariniemi 15

16 Relative Emissions of Supply Chains by Comminution Method The differences of emissions of the alternative supply chains are due to the productivity as well as fuel and energy consumption of different kind of technology, but also because of realistic combination of supply chains and available machinery and machine operators Arto Kariniemi 16

17 Logging Residues Comminuted at Roadside Landing (example) Haulage Cutting 7% 20% Machine transfers Transport-to-work - Field officers - Operators Wood production 3% Input/Products Subtotal 17 kg/m MWh/MWh 5% Comminution 24% 10% This example represents 25% of the total volume. Transportation (truck) 31% Arto Kariniemi 17

18 Metsäteho s Calculation Model Emissions and Total Energy and Fuel Consumption Silviculture Forest-improvement Works Harvesting Long-distance Transportation Forest Biomass Supply Chains NO x CO 2 CO HC SO 2 Particles KWh/m 3 /m 3 MJ/m 3 Power of harmonisation Practical tool for reliable statistics! Thank you! Arto Kariniemi