10 Preface WILFRIED WANG. 11 Introduction MARJA-RIITTA NORRI. I. Chronological Survey. 16 From Historicist Architecture to Early Modernism RItVA WARE

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1 10 Preface WILFRIED WANG 11 Introduction MARJA-RIITTA NORRI I. Chronological Survey 16 From Historicist Architecture to Early Modernism RItVA WARE 38 The Inter-War Period: the Architecture of the Young Republic RIITTA NIKULA 70 Destruction, Scarcity and a New Rise Finnish Architecture in the 1940s PEKKA KORVEMAA 82 Humane Rationalism Themes in Finnish Architecture of the 1950s SIRKKALIISA JETSONEN 98 Aspects of the 1960s. Architecture as Social Activity and Art-forni TIMO TUOMI 106 Interpretations of Contemporary Reality: Sketching a Portrait of Recent Finnish Architecture. Decades of Change MARJA-RITTA NORRI I. Polemic Period Writings 120 Architecture: a Challenge SIGURD FROSTERUS 128 Architectonic Anaemia? P.E. BLOMSTEDT 132 Functionalism BERTEL JUNG 136 Quo Vadis Architectura? NILS ERIK WICKBERG 140 Public Building and Tradition AULIS BLOMSTEDT III.Buildings 167 Kaleva Insurance Company, Helsinki ARMAS LINDGREN 146 Finnish Pavilion at the Paris World Fair / Nikolayeff Building, Helsinki

2 HERMAN GESELLIUS, ARMAS LINDGREN, ELIEL SAARINEN 1913 JARL EKLUND 147 National Museum of Finland, Helsinki 1902/ Stockmann Department Store, Helsinki HERMAN GESELLIUS, ARMAS LINDGREN, ELIEL SAARINEN /1930 SIGURD FROSTERUS 148 Church of StJohn, Tampere / Munkkiniemi-Haaga Town Plan, Helsinki LARS SONCK 1915 ELIEL SAARINEN 150 Urban Plan for T l, Helsinki /1903/ Pro Helsingfors Master Plan GUSTAF NYSTROM, LARS SONCK 1918 ELIEL SAARINEN, BERTEL JUNG 152 Lundqvist Commercial Building, Helsinki Chicago Tribune Building, Competition Proposal SELIM A. LINDQVIST. ELIA HEIKEL 1922 ELIEL SAARINEN 153 Pohjola Insurance Company, Helsinki 1899/ Makelankatu Street Apartment Building, Helsinki HERMAN GESELLIUS, ARMAS LINDGREN, ELIEL SAARINEN GUNNAR TAUCHER 154 Olofsborg Condominium, Helsinki Workers' Housing for Kone ja Silta Ltd, Helsinki HERMAN GESELLIUS. ARMAS LINDGREN, ELIEL SAARINEN / ARMAS LINDGREN, BERTEL LILJEQUIST 155 Hvittrßsk, Kirkkonummi Puu-Kßpylß Residential Area, Helsinki HERMAN GESELLIUS, ARMAS LINDGREN, ELIEL SAARINEN MARTTI VALIKANGAS 156 The State Hotel, Imatra Villa Oivala, Villinki, Helsinki USKO NYSTROM 1924 OIVA KALLIO 157 Takaharju Sanatorium, Punkaharju Atrium Housing Condominium, Turku ONNI TORNOVIST (LATER TARJANNE) ERIK BRYGGMAN 158 Main Fire Station, Tampere / Vanaja Mansion WIVI LONN SIGURD FROSTERUS 159 Suvilahti Power Station, Helsinki Finlayson Power Station, Tampere SELIM A. LINDQVIST JALMAR CASTREN JARL EKLUND 160 Main Railway Stat on, 1 HELSINKI / Jyv skyl Workers' Building , SAARINEN ALVAR AALTO 162 Wuorio Cominercial Building, 1 Helsinki

3 Viipuri Library HERMAN GESELLIUS 1927/ ALVAR AALTO 163 Villa Ensi, Maternity Hospital, Helsinki T l Church and Parish Hall, Helsinki SELIM A. LINDQVIST 1927/ HILDING EKELUND 164 Kallio Church, Helsinki 1906/ Viinikka Church, Tampere LARS SONCK 1927/1932 YRJO WASKINEN 165 Lahti Town Hall / Taidehalli, Helsinki Art Hall ELIEL, SAARINEN 1927/1928 HILDING EKELUND, JARL EKLUND 166 Helsinki Stock Exchange Viipuri Art Museum and Art School LARS SONCK UNO ULLBERG 188 Parliament Building, Helsinki 210 Lastenlinna (Children's Catsle) hospital, Helsinki 1924/ JOHAN SIGFRID SIREN ELSI BORG, OLAVI SORTTA 190 Villa Solin, Katariina Valley Turku 211 Helsinki School of Economics / ERIK BRYGGMAN HUGO HARMIA, WOLDEMAR BAECKMAN 191 Villa War n, Ruissalo, Turku 212 Resurrection Chapel, Turku / ERIK BRYGGMAN ERIK BRYGGMAN 192 Paimio Sanatorium 214 Residential Buildings forturun Laivateollisuus l'a / ALVAR AALTO ERIK BRYGGMAN 193 Kiljavannummi Sanatorium, Nurmijarvi 215 Vocational College for War Veterans, Liperi JUSSI PAATELA VILJO REVELL 194 The Finnish Savings Bank, Kotka 216 Villa Nuuttila Kuusisto PAULI E. BLOMSTEDT ERIK BRYGGMAN 195 Lasipalatsi Glass Palace, Helsinki 218 Salla Church /1949 NIILO KOKKO, VILJO REVELL, HEIMO RIIHIMAKI CERO EERIKAINEN, OSMO SIPARI 196 Malmi Airport, Helsinki 219 Lohja Parish Hall / DAG ENGLUND, VERA ROSENDAL AARNE ERVI 197 Aulanko Hotel, Hßmeenlinna 220 Kaarmetalo Serpentine 1 House Apartment Building Helsinki

4 MARTA BLOMSTEDT, MATTI LAMPEN Abo Akademi Book Tower, Turku YRJO LINDEGREN Sahanmaki Residential Area Maunula 1 Helsinki ERIK BRYGGMAN Verumßki Sports Institute, Heinola HILDING EKELUND 1930/ Starckjohann Building, Lahti ERIK BRYGGMAN Motor Battalion Barracks and Garage, Helsinki MARTTA MARTIKAINEN YPYA, RAGNAR YPYA, Vi VIIKKO M, SOK Mill Nokia MARTTA MARTIKAINEN-YPYA Finnish Co-operative Society (SOK) Office, Oulu ERKKI HUTTUNEN Oulunjoki River Power Stations and Residential ERKKI HUTTUNEN s AARNE ERVI 202 Kannonkoski Church Palace Industry Centre, Helsinki PAULI E. BLOMSTEDT l949/ VILJO REVELL, KEIJO PETAJA 203 Nakkila Churs Rautatalo Commercial Building, 1 Helsinki ERKKI HUTTUNEN / ALVAR AALTO 204 Sunila Factory and Housing Area, Kotka Kudeneule Ltd, Hanko ALVAR AALTO 1953/ VILJO REVELL 206 Villa Mairea, Noormarkku The Tapiola Tower Espoo ALVAR AALTO 1961 AARNE ERVI 208 The Olympic Village, Helsinki General Plan for Tapiola Espoo HILDING EKELUND, MARTTI VALIKANGAS 1954/ AARNE ERVI 209 The Olympic Stadium, Helsinki 1930, , 1933/ , Early Housing at Tapiola, Espoo YRJO LINDEGREN, TOIVO JANTTI AARNE ERVI ET AL. 234 Genera] Plan for Otaniemi, Espoo 257 Suvikumpu Housing ng, Fspoo 1949/ / ALVAR AALTO RAILI PIETILA, REIMA PII- I ]I A 236 University of Technology Village Chapel, Espoo 258 Plan for Central Helsinki 1953/ KAIJA AND HEIKKI SIREN ALVAR AALTO

5 237 Sßynßtsalo Town Hall, S yn tsalo 260 Finlandia Hall, Helsinki (first phase), (second phase) ALVAR AALTO ALVAR AALTO 238 House of Culture, Helsinki 261 Helsinki City Hall Renovation / ALVAR AALTO AARNO RUUSUVUORI 239 National Pensions Institute, Helsinki 262 Vekaranjßrvi Barracks Arca Centre, Valkeala 1948/ ALVAR AALTO OSMO LAPPO 240 Vuoksenniska Church, Imatra 263 Hanasaari Power Station, Helsinki ALVAR AALTO TIMO PENTTILA 242 Porthania, Institutional Building 264 Church of St Thomas and Parish Centre, for the University of Helsinki Puolivßlinkangas, Oulu 1949/ / AARNE ERVI JUHA LEIVISKA 243 Extension to 266 Tor Arne's Summer Atelier, Vßn the City of Helsinki Finnish-Language Workers' Institute JUHANI PALLASMAA AULIS BLOMSTEDT 267 Holiday Island Lingons, Bar sund 244 Vatiala Chapel, Kangasala KAIJA AND HEIKKI SIREN VIUO REVELL 268 Liinasaarentie Terraced Houses, Espoo Hyvinkßß Church and Settlement ERKKI KAIRAMO 1958/ AARNO RUUSUVUORI 269 Villa Mßnnist, Turk-u Weilin & G s Printing Works, Tapiola, Espoo AARNO RUUSUVUORI 270 Kortepohja Housing Development, JyvßskyIß 1964/ Ratina Stadium, Tampere BENGT LUNDSTEN, ESKO KAHRI TIMO PENTTILA 271 Olari Housing Development, Espoo 248 One-family 1 House Systems SIMO JARVINEN, EERO VALJAKKA 250 Roihuvuori Primary School, Helsinki 272 A. Ahlstrom Ltd Paper Mill, Varkaus AARNO RUUSUVUORI ERKKI KAIRAMO

6 251 Tapiola Church, Espoo 274 Murikka Metalworkers' Union Course Centre 1961/ Teisko, Tampere AARNO RUUSUVUORI 1974/ PEKKA HELIN, TUOMO SIITONEN 252 Chapel of the Holy Cross, Turku 1963/ Extension to the Parliament Building, Helsin PEKKA PITKANEN 1970/ PEKKA PITKANEN, OLA LAIHO, ILPO RAUNIO 254 Kaleva Church, Tampere 1959/ Myyrmßki Church and Parish Centre, Vantaa RAILI PIETILA, REIMA PIETILA JUHA LEIVISKA 255 Temppeliaukio/Taivallahti Church, Helsinki / West Sßkylß Day-Care Centre and TIMO SUOMALAINEN, TUOMO SUOMALAINEN Parish Club-Rooms, Iso-Vimma, SßkyIß Dipoli, Espoo KARI JARVINEN, TIMO AIRAS 1961/ RAILI PIETILA, REIMA PIETILA 279 Ylistaro Government Offices 1989 KARI JERVINEN, TIMO AIRAS, MIKO AHO 301 Experimental Building A, Sibelius Block, Hestra Garden City, Bor s, Sweden Olari Church and Parish Centre, Espoo PEKKA HELIN, TUOMAS WICHMANN, DANIEL BRUUN 1976/ KAPY PAAVILAINEN, SIMO PAAVILEINEN 302 Ruoholahti Housing Area, Helsinki 1987/ Kaunianen Church and Parish Centre 304 Myllytie Road Olympos Condominium 1 Helsinki / KRISTIAN GULUUCHSEN KRISTIAN GULLICHSEN 282 Poleeni Civic Centre, Pieksamaki 305 Houses Killi and Nalli, Raisio 1983/ KRISTIAN GULLICHSEN TEEMU KURKELA 283 Rovaniemi Art Museum 306 Competition for the Design of the Museum of Contemporary Art, 1 Helsinki JUHANI PAALLASMAA Kuhmo Library 308 Turku Art Academy 1984/ JYRKI TASA. TUOMO REMES, ANTTI LUUTONEN OLA LAIHO, MIKKO PULKKINEN, ILPO RAUNIO 285 Ararat, ResettIement Union Holiday Cottage, Juva 310 Mustakivi Block Building Helsinki GEORG GROTENFELT MARKKU ERHOLTZ, PENTTI KAREOJA 286 Finnish Embassy, New Delhi, India 311 Vaasa Market Square 1963/ RAILU PIETILA REIMA PIETILA HEIKKI AITOAHO, KAARLO VILJANEN

7 288 Itßkeskus (East centre) Shopping Centre, Landmark and 312 Nokia House, Espoo Eastern Social Centre, Helsinki 1983/ / PEKKA HELIN ERKKI KAIRAMO 313 The Sanoma House, Helsinki 290 Heureka Finnish Science Centre, Vantaa 1995/ /1988 ANTTI-MATTI SIIKALA, JAN SODERLUND MIKKO HEIKKINEN, MARKKU KOMONEN 314 Component Master Plan of Orestad, 291 Rauma Government Office Building Copenhagen, Demmark / OLLI-PEKKA JOKELA, PENTTI KAREOJA AARO ARTTO, MATTI KAIJANSINKKO, TEEMU PALO YRJO ROSSI, HANNU TIKKA 292 Church of StJohn, Mßnnist, Kuopio 1986/ Nordic Embassies Block, Berlin, Germany JUHA LEIVISKA PEKKA KIVISALO 1995/ ALFRED BERGER, TIINA PARKKINEN 294 European Film College, Ebeltoft, Denmark 1991/ Finnish Embassy, Berlin, Germany MIKKO HEIKKINEN MARKKU KOMONEN 1996/ PEKKA MAKI, RAUNO LEHTINEN TONI PELTOLA 295 Finnish Embassy, Washington DC, USA MIKKO HEIKKINEN MARKKU KOMONEN IV. Appendix 296 Helvetinkolu (Hell's Gorge), Pavilion for Seville World's Fair, Seville, Spain 320 Selected Bibliography 1989/1992 JUHA JAASKELAINEN JUHA KAAKKO, PETRI ROUHIAINEN MAI li SANAKSENAHO, JARI TIRKKONEN 323 Index of Narries 298 Lusto Forestry Museum and Forest Information Centre, Punkaharju / Photo Credits RAINER MAHLAMAKI ILMARI LAHDELMA, JUHA MAKI-JYLLILA 299 Folk Art Centre, Kaustinen 1990/ RAINER MAHLAMAKI 300 Lakeside Private House, juva 1994 ULLA VAHTERA, LASSE VAHTERA Fine