Bear Lake Sediment Study. Alan Steinman and Mary Ogdahl Annis Water Resources Institute Grand Valley State University
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1 Bear Lake Sediment Study Alan Steinman and Mary Ogdahl Annis Water Resources Institute Grand Valley State University
2 Outline Study Site Description Management Issues - TMDL Internal Loading Measurements Summary/Implications
3 Bear Lake: 410 acres 6.9 ft: mean depth 11.8 ft: maximum depth Polymictic Mean HRT = 78 days Bear Lake Muskegon Lake Lake Michigan
4 Eutrophic Bear Lake Water Quality Mean TP = 44 µg/l (turnover) Chl a = µg/l (summer) Suffers from nuisance algal growth caused by elevated phosphorus (P) - Muskegon Lake Area of Concern (AOC) - Michigan 303(d) list Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for P
5 What is a TMDL? Total Maximum Daily Load Required by Clean Water Act and U.S. EPA for water bodies not meeting water quality standards Establishes the allowable loadings of pollutants for a water body Identifies pollutant reductions necessary to restore and maintain water quality
6 Phosphorus Loads to Bear Lake External P Load = 1,839 lb/yr Internal P Load = 1,548 lb/yr* *Based on Sediment TP (Nürnberg 1988, CJFAS): TP release rate (mg/m 2 /d) = (TP) Total P Load = 3,387 lb/yr
7 Bear Lake TMDL MDEQ: need to reduce mean TP concentration from 44 µg/l to 30 µg/l Requires a total reduction from 3,387 to 1,313 lbs/yr: lbs/yr from watershed (50%) - 1,226 lbs/yr from internal loading (80%) Internal load target = 322 lbs/yr
8 Study Goals & Objectives Goal: Develop a strategy to reduce internal P loading to meet TMDL requirements Objectives: - Determine accurate internal loading rates - Develop Feasibility Report for Best Treatment
9 Sediment-Water Interactions Water Sediment SRP bioavailable Uptake Release Diffusion Resuspension (anoxic) alum Precipitation (Oxic: Fe) PP particulate Sedimentation SRP bioavailable Mineraliz n PP particulate
10 Strategy Collect sediment cores from 4 sites over 3 seasons - spring, summer, and fall, 2011; summer 2012 Measure internal P loading under oxic and anoxic conditions Measure diel DO concentrations at 2 sites - summer 2011; spring and summer 2012
11 4
12
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14 Total Phosphorus Release Rates Season Bear Lake Aerobic TP Flux (mg P/m 2 /d) Bear Lake TP Flux (mg P/m 2 /d) Mona Lake TP Flux (mg P/m 2 /d) Spring 2011 Summer 2011 Fall 2011 Summer ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
15 Total Phosphorus Release Rates Season Bear Lake Aerobic TP Flux (mg P/m 2 /d) Bear Lake TP Flux (mg P/m 2 /d) Mona Lake TP Flux (mg P/m 2 /d) Spring 2011 Summer 2011 Fall 2011 Summer ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
16 Total Phosphorus Release Rates Season Bear Lake Aerobic TP Flux (mg P/m 2 /d) Bear Lake TP Flux (mg P/m 2 /d) Mona Lake TP Flux (mg P/m 2 /d) Spring 2011 Summer 2011 Fall 2011 Summer ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
17 Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature 11 ft August 4, 2011 mid-day 4 8 ft 4
18 NIGHT (11 ft) Diel Dissolved Oxygen August 16-17, (8 ft) NIGHT
19 Modeled Annual Internal TP Load - 5 Scenarios - Scenario Hypoxic Area General Explanation 1. Aerobic: entire lake 0 ha Most conservative estimate; unlikely 2. : depths > 10 ft 47 ha Very conservative estimate 3. : depths > 9 ft 296 ha Generally conservative estimate 4. Polymictic lake estimate * N/A Moderate estimate 5. : entire lake 1,518 ha Most liberal estimate; unlikely * Nürnberg et al. 2012
20 Modeled Annual Internal TP Load - 5 Scenarios - Scenario Hypoxic Area General Explanation 1. Aerobic: entire lake 0 ha Most conservative estimate; unlikely 2. : depths > 10 ft 47 ha Very conservative estimate 3. : depths > 9 ft 296 ha Generally conservative estimate 4. Polymictic lake estimate * N/A Moderate estimate 5. : entire lake 1,518 ha Most liberal estimate; unlikely * Nürnberg et al. 2012
21 August 16-17, 2011
22 Modeled Annual Internal TP Load - 5 Scenarios - Scenario Hypoxic Area General Explanation 1. Aerobic: entire lake 0 ha Most conservative estimate; unlikely 2. : depths > 10 ft 47 ha Very conservative estimate 3. : depths > 9 ft 296 ha Generally conservative estimate 4. Polymictic lake estimate * N/A Moderate estimate 5. : entire lake 1,518 ha Most liberal estimate; unlikely * Nürnberg et al. 2012
23 August 16-17, 2011
24 Modeled Annual Internal TP Load - 5 Scenarios - Scenario Hypoxic Area General Explanation 1. Aerobic: entire lake 0 ha Most conservative estimate; unlikely 2. : depths > 10 ft 47 ha Very conservative estimate 3. : depths > 9 ft 296 ha Generally conservative estimate 4. Polymictic lake estimate N/A Moderate estimate 5. : entire lake * Nürnberg et al Nürnberg et al. 2012: 1,518 ha Most liberal estimate; unlikely AA (days/season) = log (P season ) z/a 0.5
25 Modeled Annual Internal TP Load - 5 Scenarios - Scenario Hypoxic Area General Explanation 1. Aerobic: entire lake 0 ha Most conservative estimate; unlikely 2. : depths > 10 ft 47 ha Very conservative estimate 3. : depths > 9 ft 296 ha Generally conservative estimate 4. Polymictic lake estimate N/A Moderate estimate 5. : entire lake 1,518 ha Most liberal estimate; unlikely
26 Estimated Annual Internal TP Load (lbs/yr) 1. All Aerobic 2. > 10 ft 3. > 9ft 4. Polymictic Lake Estimate 5. All MDEQ 1,548
27 Estimated Annual Internal TP Load (lbs/yr) 1. All Aerobic 2. > 10 ft 3. > 9ft 4. Polymictic Lake Estimate 5. All MDEQ 169 1,548
28 Estimated Annual Internal TP Load (lbs/yr) 1. All Aerobic 2. > 10 ft 3. > 9ft 4. Polymictic Lake Estimate 5. All MDEQ ,548
29 Estimated Annual Internal TP Load (lbs/yr) 1. All Aerobic 2. > 10 ft 3. > 9ft 4. Polymictic Lake Estimate 5. All MDEQ ,548
30 Estimated Annual Internal TP Load (lbs/yr) 1. All Aerobic 2. > 10 ft 3. > 9ft 4. Polymictic Lake Estimate 5. All MDEQ ,166 1,548
31 Estimated Annual Internal TP Load (lbs/yr) 1. All Aerobic 2. > 10 ft 3. > 9ft 4. Polymictic Lake Estimate 5. All MDEQ ,166 1,931 1,548 TMDL internal load target = 322 lbs/yr
32 Best Treatment? Develop Feasibility Report for Best Treatment Internal P loading already close to or exceeds TMDL reduction target No need to address internal loading
33 Summary Internal loading in Bear Lake is highest in summer but overall rates are relatively low TMDL estimates for internal loading are too high (perhaps by 3-7 fold) TMDL needs to focus more on external P loading reductions
34 Acknowledgements Maggie Weinert, Sara Damm, Brian Scull, Rick Rediske, Eric Tidquist, Whitney Nelson, Scott Kendall, Rick Rediske, Kurt Thompson, and James Smit Project partner: Muskegon River Watershed Assembly Questions? Funding: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
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