May 2011 Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps

Transcription

1 May 2011 Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps

2 Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy Prepared by: D&R International, Ltd Spring Street, Suite 500 Silver Spring, MD Authors: Jason West Marci Sanders

3 Contents Executive Summary 1 New in This Edition 3 Lighting Facts: A Tool to Track the LED Replacement Lamp Market 4 LED Replacement Lamps: State of the Market 4 EISA Efficiency Levels for A-Lamps 6 A-Lamps, A-Lamps, A-Lamp Performance Compared to EISA, A-Lamp Performance Compared to EISA, LED A-Lamp Performance Trends and Projections 11 Color Performance of LED A-Lamp Replacements 12 A-Lamp Cost Analysis 14 DOE Energy Conservation Standard: Incandescent Reflector Lamps 16 Reflector Lamps, DOE Energy Conservation Standard: General Service Fluorescent Lamps 21 Four-Foot Linear Fluorescent Lamps,

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5 Executive Summary This Lighting Facts Product Snapshot represents an analysis of the dataset underlying the DOE Lighting Facts product list. This document is designed to help lighting retailers, distributors, designers, utilities, and energy efficiency program sponsors understand the current state of the LED replacement lamp market and its trajectory. The lighting industry is experiencing major change, as new federal efficacy and labeling guidelines are phased in for the most common types of lamps (light bulbs). For this reason, most figures in the Snapshot show lamp performance for LEDs and competing products relative to federal efficiency levels. The effective dates of standards for A-lamps begin with 100W lamps in 2012 and end with 40W lamps in 2014, while standards for incandescent reflector and linear fluorescent lamps take effect in This analysis yielded two principal observations: LED lamp light output has been rising steadily, but not fast enough to replace 100W A-lamps by Lamp performance remains highly variable across all performance metrics. Retailers, distributors, and lighting professionals should therefore exercise due diligence when evaluating LED products. Before making a purchasing decision, Lighting Facts partners should conduct thorough performance reviews and test product samples in homes or offices if possible. In addition, some LED products will play a key role in the market transition: LED A-lamps performing at 450 lumens (40W incandescent equivalent) and 800 lumens (60W incandescent equivalent) are already available. If SSL market growth continues, these products will likely be widely available in 2014, when increased efficiency levels will affect the manufacture and import of traditional 40W and 60W incandescent lamps. The Lighting Facts dataset suggests that 1100-lumen LED A-lamps (equivalent to 75W incandescent A-lamps) will be available between 2011 and These lamps could be widely available in January 2013, when standard levels will affect the manufacture and import of 75W incandescent A-lamps. LED reflector replacement lamps are already available at many incandescent and halogen wattage equivalency levels for PAR20/R20, PAR30/R30, and PAR38/R38 lamps. The highest performing LED products may be poised to replace inefficient incandescent and halogen reflector lamps in No LED linear replacement lamps match the light output of linear fluorescent lamps. Highefficiency linear fluorescent lamps that meet 2012 federal efficacy levels are already widely available. Observations about A-lamp, reflector lamp, and linear lamp replacements include the following: LED A-Lamp Replacements LED A-lamp replacements meet the standard efficacy levels, but over 67% of those products fall below 450 lumens (40W incandescent A-lamp equivalency). Over 25% of LED A-lamp replacements do meet that level, while 8% of LED A-lamp replacements meet or exceed 800 lumens (60W incandescent A-lamp equivalency). Seventy-six percent of LED A-lamp replacements meet the 2020 federal efficacy requirement of 45 lumens per watt. Only 56% of those products meet generally accepted color performance metrics for A-lamps. The simple payback of 800-lumen (60W-equivalent) LED A-lamps at current prices ($40 per bulb) is 6.3 years at average electricity rates. Payback will decline proportionately as the lamp price decreases. Lamp prices are projected to drop by a factor of ten over the next decade. LED Reflector Lamp Replacements LED reflector lamps are available for a higher level of light output (exceeding 1100 lumens) than LED A-lamps (which exceed 800 lumens), but are still missing for the highest equivalency levels, like 90W halogen PAR38 lamps ( lumens). Only two LED PAR30 replacement lamps approach the light output of the 75W PAR30 halogen lamps 1 I Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

6 in the market (the highest widely available PAR30 wattage, which ranges from lumens). One LED PAR20 replacement lamp exceeds the light output A Program of the 50W U.S. DOEPAR20 halogen lamps (the highest widely available PAR20 wattage, which ranges from lumens). LED PAR30 and PAR20 replacement lamps are widely available for lower wattage equivalency levels. LED Linear Lamp Replacements LED replacements for 4-foot linear fluorescent lamps continue to produce, on average, only half the total light of the fluorescent products they are designed to replace (1500 lumens for LED lamps, compared to 3000 lumens for fluorescent lamps). Sixty-five percent of LED replacements are less efficient than fluorescents. LED replacements may find niche applications that take advantage of their directionality, but they do not perform well enough to be considered one-for-one replacements of linear fluorescent lamps. A Decade of Change 40W-equivalent and 60W-equivalent LED A-lamps reach the market 75W-equivalent LED A-Lamps projected to reach the market 100W-equivalent LED A-lamps projected to reach the market Federal efficiency levels for 75W-equivalent A-lamps Federal efficiency levels for 100W-equivalent A-lamps Federal efficiency levels for 60W-equivalent and 40W-equivalent A-lamps Federal efficiency levels for all A-lamps: 45 lm/w FTC mandatory consumer labeling requirements Federal efficiency levels for reflector and linear fluorescent lamps Analysis and figure: D&R International 2 I Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

7 New in This Edition Table 1. Snapshot Updates Since the Last Edition Analysis LED product performance Sample Size September 2010 May A-Lamps Non-LED product performance Cost analysis NA 80 Performance projections NA 66 LED product performance Reflector Lamps Non-LED product performance Reflector lamp subtype analysis NA 416 Linear Lamps LED product performance Non-LED product performance Total number of LED products analyzed Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

8 Lighting Facts: A Tool to Track the LED Replacement Lamp Market To answer the question of how LED replacement lamp performance compares to the required performance levels mandated by the legislation and to the performance of incumbent technology, this Snapshot draws from the database of Lighting Facts products (available at products). Lighting Facts is a DOE-administered truth-in-advertising program for LED products. Here are some quick facts about the program: To have a product added to the Lighting Facts product list, a manufacturer must first test the product in accordance with the industry-accepted test method for electrical and photometric measurements of solidstate lighting, IES LM-79-08, at an approved laboratory. The manufacturer must then submit the test results and performance claims for independent verification by DOE. 1 Five key performance metrics (light output in lumens, input power in watts, efficacy in lumens per watt, color rendering index (CRI), and correlated color temperature (CCT) in kelvin) are reported on the label and the online product list. The product list includes a variety of product types, from manufacturers large and small and lighting industry veterans to entirely new companies. As of May 2011, 235 manufacturers, 185 retailers and distributors, and 208 lighting professionals have partnered with the program, representing a majority of the LED industry. Lighting Facts is the largest database of its kind. More than 2,600 products were registered as of May Organizations interested in partnering with the program may sign up at 1 As of May 2011, all Lighting Facts product data is based on products that manufacturers selected for testing. Lighting Facts is a valuable source of information on the state of the LED replacement lamp market. As the Lighting Facts database is growing rapidly, DOE plans to update this Product Snapshot twice a year to capture the most current and accurate information possible. LED Replacement Lamps: State of the Market LED replacement lamps make up almost half of all products registered on Lighting Facts (Figure 1A), while luminaires (i.e., LED fixtures) represent the remainder. Figure 1B shows further detail of replacement lamp types. Directional replacement lamps (replacements for reflector lamps like MR-16s, Rs, and PARs) make up almost two-thirds of the registered replacement lamps on Lighting Facts. Why are most LED replacement lamps directional? LED technology is inherently directional (light is emitted in a specific direction), in contrast to incandescent, halogen, and fluorescent lamps, which are omnidirectional (light is emitted in 4 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

9 all directions). Manufacturers are investing in products that take advantage of the inherent directionality of LEDs. Also, transforming directional light A Program of into the U.S. DOE omnidirectional light is technically challenging and almost always results in lower efficacy in the final product. Despite the prevalence of directional lamps registered with Lighting Facts, LED replacements for omnidirectional A-lamps represent a significant segment of registered products and will likely play an important role in the overall A-lamp market. LED A-lamps, for instance, are estimated to have an energy savings potential of 84.1 terawatt-hours (TWh) more than double the savings potential of LED directional lamps (including PAR, BR, R, and MR16 lamps), which is estimated at 41.5 TWh, assuming all incandescent and fluorescent lamps were replaced by LEDs. 2 A-lamps registered with Lighting Facts may not in practice be truly omnidirectional products, as incandescent lamps are. Manufacturers select product types from a drop-down list to better characterize their products and ensure that they can be compared to similar products. Lighting Facts does not currently verify product equivalency based on these types, including whether the light distribution matches the target incumbent product. Lighting Facts has started tracking light distribution data; future versions of this Snapshot will include that information. 2 Navigant Consulting Inc. Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program. January Figure 1A. Lighting Facts Replacement Lamps and Luminaires Figure 1B. Lighting Facts Replacement Lamps, by Type Luminaires 55% Replacement Lamps 45% 2,074 Total Products Omnidirectional (A-lamps) 7% Other 17% Directional (MR16) 19% Directional Linear (PAR38 & R38) (T8) 18% 6% Directional Decorative (PAR30 & R30) 5% 20% Directional (PAR20 & R20) 6% 933 Replacement Lamps Note: Replacement lamp percentages do not add up to exactly 100 due to rounding. Source: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, Analysis and figures: D&R International. 5 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

10 EISA Efficiency Levels for A-Lamps A-Lamps, Table 2 shows A Program a summary of the U.S. DOE of the efficacy levels 3 in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) for general service lamps by lamp wattage. From 2012 to 2014, new power consumption levels for medium screw base, general service lamps with light output from lumens will take effect and will remain in effect until December 31, Lamps with light output in the ranges of what 3 The term efficacy in this document refers specifically to the luminous efficacy of a lamp or luminaire, which is defined as the ratio of total light output to input power (in lumens per watt). The term efficiency is also used in this document to describe federal standard levels and product performance, though efficacy is a more common technical metric for lighting products. 4 Many lamp types are exempt from EISA, including 3-way lamps, rough service lamps, and candelabra lamps. A complete list of exemptions can be found in the EISA summary document located at are now 100W, 75W, 60W, and 40W incandescent products will be required to consume no more than 72W, 53W, 43W, and 29W, respectively. During this period, EISA requirements will apply to the manufacture and import, but not the sales, of general service lamps. EISA does not ban incandescent lamps; it increases the minimum efficacy levels for all general service lamps. Some incandescent lamps (in the form of halogen lamps) already meet the new efficacy requirements. A-Lamps, 2020 Starting on January 1, 2020, lamps of all lumen values will be held to a single efficacy requirement of 45 lumens per watt. At this point, enforcement of the legislation will shift from manufacture and import to sales. In 2014, DOE will revisit the 2020 lamp efficacy requirement and will increase the requirement if necessary. Table 2. EISA A-Lamp Standards, Typical Lamp Wattage Rated Lumen Ranges Maximum Allowed Wattage after EISA Lamp Efficacy after EISA (lm/w) Effective Date /1/ /1/ /1/ /1/2014 All Lamps All Lamps 45 1/1/ Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

11 The Lighting Prize The L-Prize ( is the first governmentsponsored technology competition designed to spur lighting manufacturers to develop high-quality, high-efficiency solid-state lighting products to replace the common light bulb. As of May 2011, one entry is under review. A-Lamp Performance Compared to EISA, Figure 2 shows the EISA requirements and replacement lamp product performance. Lamps with performance that falls in the shaded areas will not comply with the EISA requirements and cannot be manufactured or imported starting on the effective dates set by the legislation. Common incandescent lamps will not meet the requirements. Which products will meet the EISA efficacy levels? LED replacement lamps, which have become commercially available in the past few years. These lamps are only available at light output levels below 900 lumens. Approximately 8% of the LED A-lamp replacements on the Lighting Facts product list emit enough light to be considered 60W replacements (800 lumens). Similarly, 25% of these products could be considered 40W replacements (450 lumens). 5 CFLs, which are already widely available as more efficient alternatives to incandescent lamps. CFLs are three to four times more efficient than the minimum EISA requirements. CFLs are available that meet or exceed light output equivalencies of all the incandescent lamps affected by EISA. Specially designed halogen lamps. All major lighting manufacturers have developed new halogen lamp designs which just meet the minimum EISA performance standards. Prices of these products are dropping steadily and they could become the preferred substitute for traditional incandescents. Though these products meet the EISA requirements, their rated light output appears slightly lower than that of the incandescent lamps they claim to replace. 5 Consistent with ENERGY STAR s CFL requirements, 40W incandescent light output equivalency is generally accepted to be 450 lumens and 60W equivalency is generally accepted to be 800 lumens. Actual incandescent lamp light output may vary. 7 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

12 Figure 2. A-Lamp Performance Compared to EISA, L-Prize EISA requirements W (2012) 100W Light Output (lumens) W (2014) 43W (2014) 40W 53W (2013) 60W 75W EISA impacts U.S. imports and manufacturing Wattage LED CFL Halogen Traditional incandescent 60W-equivalent LED lamps Sources: Incandescent, Halogen, and CFL: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, Analysis and figure: D&R International. 8 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

13 A-Lamp Performance Compared to EISA, 2020 Figure 3 presents the EISA requirement for A-lamps in 2020, as well as the current performance values for LED, CFL, and halogen lamps. The sloped line shows the single efficacy requirement of 45 lumens per watt for all A-lamps. Which products will meet the EISA 2020 efficacy level? Approximately 90% of currently available LEDs and CFLs already meet the EISA 2020 efficacy level. Current halogen products will not meet the EISA 2020 efficacy level. Other important considerations: DOE projections from the 2011 Multi-Year Program Plan (MYPP) show that the efficacy of LED packages (the light sources used in LED replacement lamps and other LED products) is increasing rapidly, and is expected to double between 2010 and CFLs that meet the light output levels of the four common lamp wattages affected by EISA are already available. After the EISA provisions take effect, consumers will not be able to rely on the traditional 40W/60W/75W/100W wattage indicators to purchase light bulbs. Even if LEDs catch up to the light output levels of CFLs and the higher-wattage incandescent and halogen products they are designed to replace, there will be a range of wattages available for bulbs at all light output levels by Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

14 Figure 3. A-Lamp Performance, Compared to EISA, Light Output (lumens) lumens per watt 500 EISA impacts U.S. sales Wattage LED 60W-equivalent LED lamps CFL Halogen Traditional incandescent Sources: Incandescent, Halogen, and CFL: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, Analysis and figure: D&R International. 10 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

15 LED A-Lamp Performance Trends and Projections Figure 4 shows the minimum, average, and maximum light output of Lighting Factsregistered A-lamps by the quarter within which they were registered. Two performance projections one representing a logarithmic fit to the maximum light output data and one representing adjusted performance targets from the 2011 DOE MYPP 6 are overlaid to show when 75W- and 100W-equivalent LED replacement lamps (based on 1100 lumens and 1600 lumens, respectively) might become available. While factors like unplanned performance improvements and product release dates cannot be predicted, the projections in Figure 4 may help partners prepare for important changes in the replacement lamp market. 6 This performance projection was developed by multiplying DOE efficacy projections for warm-white luminaires (assuming efficiency correction factors from package to luminaire are similar to correction factors from package to lamp) by 12W. Lighting Facts estimated this maximum design wattage for A19 LED replacement lamps based on conversations with manufacturers and on the Lighting Facts product list, in which over 90% of A-lamp replacements are rated at 12W or less. The MYPP makes efficacy projections by year, while Lighting Facts makes projections by quarter. To avoid overestimating performance, Lighting Facts assumed that MYPP projections were for the fourth quarter of the year. Figure 4. LED A-Lamp Performance Trends and Projections W-equivalents hit the market in W-equivalents likely between mid-2011 and late W (1600 lumens) W-equivalents likely between late-2013 and mid W (1100 lumens) 60W (800 lumens) 40W (450 lumens) Year Max Avg. Min Adjusted DOE MYPP Projection Logarithmic fit to Lighting Facts data Sources: LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, Adjusted DOE MYPP Projection: Uses warm-white luminaire efficacy projections from the DOE Solid-State Lighting Research and Development Multi-Year Program Plan, May 2011, along with an estimated 12W power ceiling for LED A-lamp replacements. Analysis and figure: D&R International. 11 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

16 Color Performance of LED A-Lamp Replacements Evaluating light output and efficacy alone is not enough to accurately compare the performance of LED products to other lighting technologies. Stakeholders planning to purchase or specify LED products should consider other metrics such as CRI, CCT, light distribution, and lifetime before making a decision. This Snapshot does not examine those metrics in detail, but the following example illustrates the importance of a comprehensive performance review. Figure 5 shows the CRI and CCT of the same LED A-lamp replacements shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The three CCT descriptions that Lighting Facts uses warm white, bright white, and daylight are overlaid for reference. A CRI of 80 (considered acceptable for most indoor applications where color quality is important 7 ) is also overlaid. If a buyer is interested only in warm white products with a CRI of 80 or above, the field of products shrinks in half. Although all of these products meet the EISA efficacy levels (Figure 2), they may not meet buyers other requirements (e.g., CRI, CCT, light distribution, and lifetime). Failure to meet these other requirements could result in customer disappointment, thereby slowing market adoption of LED A-lamp replacements. All of these metrics must be considered when evaluating the performance of LED replacement lamps. 8 7 CFLs and LED A-lamps must have a CRI of at least 80 to qualify for ENERGY STAR. 8 Lighting Facts has started tracking light distribution data, including zonal lumen density, beam angle, and center beam candlepower. Future versions of this report will examine these data. Lighting Facts does not currently track or verify product lifetime, but DOE has released recommendations on how the program may accomplish this. In the meantime, partners can use the Residential and Commercial Product Performance Scales, which are resources Lighting Facts provides to help facilitate a thorough performance review. Both Performance Scales are located at 12 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

17 Figure 5. Color Performance of LED A-Lamp Replacements 100 Warm White Bright White Daylight Example of acceptable CRI level CRI , , , , ,500 CCT (K) Sources: LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, Analysis and figure: D&R International. 13 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

18 Note on Payback Assumptions The payback numbers in this analysis assume A Program 3 of hours the U.S. DOE of use per day, consistent with the 2012 FTC mandatory consumer label for common replacement lamps and ENERGY STAR. Some independent studies commissioned by DOE and the California Public Utilities Commission report average hours of use may be substantially lower (1.9 hours per day). A-Lamp Cost Analysis Figure 6 shows the total cost of ownership (TCO) which includes initial bulb purchase price, the cost of replacement bulbs over time, and energy cost over time for 60W incandescent lamps and 60W-equivalent halogen, CFL, and LED lamps based on typical retail prices in February A hypothetical scenario assuming a future LED lamp price of $5 is also included for reference. Although halogen lamps use nearly 30% less power than incandescent lamps with equivalent light output, the higher initial price of halogen lamps results in roughly the same TCO over time. Halogen lamps could result in a lower TCO than incandescent lamps over time if halogen bulb prices were reduced. CFLs use 75% less power than incandescents. When sold in multipacks, CFLs can have a lower TCO than halogens and pay back in less than a year, saving more than $50 over the typical 10,000-hour life of the product. LED replacements for 60W incandescent lamps retail around $40, which yields a payback of over six years too long for many consumers. Lighting Facts partners may have more success marketing LED replacement lamps by focusing on their other positive attributes, such as longer life, better light quality, and dimming capabilities. LED replacement lamp cost is expected to decrease by a factor of ten over the next decade, according to the DOE MYPP, which will result in more reasonable paybacks and greater savings. For example, the hypothetical $5 LED scenario possible within the next decade according to DOE projections results in a payback of less than one year. 14 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

19 Figure 6. Payback of 60W-Equivalent LED A-Lamp Replacements year payback of a $40 LED vs. an incandescent Total Cost of Ownership ($) $40 LED 0.8-year payback of a hypothetical $5 LED vs. an incandescent $0.60 Incandescent $2.20 Halogen 10 $1.50 CFL $5 LED 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 Hours Assumptions and Sources: Bulb purchase price: Represents per-bulb multi-pack prices when available and average bulb prices otherwise. Source: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February Daily bulb use: 3 hours, consistent with the 2012 FTC mandatory consumer label for common replacement lamps, and ENERGY STAR. Electricity rate: $0.11/kWh. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration/Short-Term Energy Outlook - December 2010, using U.S. average electricity prices for the residential sector, rounded down to the nearest cent. Lamp lifetime: Incandescent and halogen: 1,000 hours, based on the most common manufacturer-reported lifetime. Source: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February CFL: 10,000 hours, based on the median rated life of ENERGY STAR qualified CFLs. Source: ENERGY STAR CFL qualified products list, September LED: 25,000 hours, based on the minimum rated life for ENERGY STAR qualified Integral LED Lamps. Source: ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Integral LED Lamps. Wattage: 60W, 43W, 15W, and 12W for incandescent, halogen, CFL, and LED, respectively. Sources: Halogen: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February CFL: D&R International, September 2010: Analysis of the ENERGY STAR CFL qualified products list. 15W was the maximum wattage that included at least 10% of qualified products for the 60W equivalency level. LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, and D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February Analysis and figure: D&R International. 15 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

20 DOE Energy Conservation Standard: Incandescent Reflector Lamps The DOE Energy A Program of Conservation the U.S. DOE Standard will take effect on July 14, 2012, setting minimum efficacy levels for general service fluorescent lamps and incandescent reflector lamps. Unlike EISA, the DOE Energy Conservation Standard affects only incandescent lamps, not 9 LED lamps or CFLs.1 However, as LED replacement products may constitute a significant portion of the reflector lamp market, it is useful to examine LED performance in the context of the incandescent efficacy requirements. Table 3 presents the efficacy requirements for incandescent reflector lamps. Lamp efficacy is determined by several factors, including the lamp s input power, spectrum, voltage, and diameter. 9 Certain types of reflector lamps are exempt from the standard, including those less than or equal to 2.25 inches in diameter (e.g., MR16s); ER30, BR30, BR40, or ER40 lamps rated at 50 watts or less; BR30, BR40, or ER40 lamps rated at 65 watts; and R20 incandescent reflector lamps rated at 45 watts or less. Table 3. DOE Energy Conservation Standards, Incandescent Reflector Lamps Lamp Spectrum Type Standard Spectrum Lamp Diameter Lamp Voltage ANSI* Inches <125 V >125 V >20 > *P (0.27) 6.8*P (0.27) <20 < *P (0.27) 5.7*P (0.27) Modified Spectrum >20 > *P (0.27) 5.8*P (0.27) <20 < *P (0.27) 4.9*P (0.27) Note: Efficacy requirements apply to all incandescent lamps with wattages greater than or equal to 40 W and less than or equal to 205 W. *ANSI (American National Standards Institute) diameter is expressed in 1/8 inches. Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document: Energy Conservation Standards for General Service Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector Lamps, July Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

21 Reflector Lamps, 2012 Figures 7a, 7b, and 7c show the DOE Energy Conservation Standard efficacy requirements for reflector lamps compared to a sample of incandescent, CFL, and halogen reflector lamps and LED replacement lamps registered with Lighting Facts. Will incandescent reflector lamps be able to meet the new efficacy levels? Yes. Standard requirements for reflector lamps were written with the understanding that products on the market would meet the new levels. Incandescent data points that appear above and to the left of the DOE standard lines in Figures 7a, 7b, and 7c represent products in the market that meet the new requirements. These products are able to meet higher efficacies than products that don t meet the standard by incorporating various technical improvements, such as infrared reflectors and silver reflective coatings. How do LED replacement lamps compare to incandescent/halogen reflector lamps? In contrast with LED A-lamp replacements, which have shown a steady increase in maximum light output 10 over time (Figure 4), LED replacements for reflector lamps have maintained a maximum light output around 1100 lumens since early Figure 7a shows these 1100-lumen LED products all in the PAR38 replacement category beside incandescent PAR38 reflector lamps. LED package efficacies are expected to double over the next decade 11, so it is unclear why higher light output LED PAR38 lamps (i.e., lamps that can produce more than 1300 lumens, which is the approximate light output of 90W halogen PAR38 lamps) have not become available. Figures 7b and 7c show LED PAR30/R30 and PAR20/R20 replacement lamp performance, respectively, compared to the incandescent lamps they re designed to replace. Given the generally lower light output levels of these incandescent products when compared to PAR38 lamps, it is not surprising that some LED products approach the light output levels of the highest typically available wattages 75W PAR30 lamps (which range from lumens) and 50W PAR20 lamps (which range from lumens). Similar to LED A-lamps, LED replacements for reflector lamps may not meet buyers other performance requirements, such as CRI and CCT. Partners considering purchasing or specifying LED replacement lamps should always conduct a thorough performance review before making a decision. 10 Center beam candlepower and beam angle are more commonly used to measure reflector lamp performance. However, for this edition of the Product Snapshot, light output is used as a proxy for those metrics pending the collection of more data. 11 DOE Solid-State Lighting Research and Development: Multi-Year Program Plan, May 2011, 17 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

22 Figure 7a. Performance of Incandescent Reflector and LED Replacement Lamps, PAR38/R38 Light Output (lumens) PAR38/R38 Lamp Performance DOE Energy Conservation Standard, lamp diameter >2.5 inches 65W 75W 90W 100W 120W 150W 50W Impacts on U.S. imports and manufacturing (July 2012) Wattage LED CFL Halogen Sources: LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, CFL: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February Incandescent/Halogen: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document: Energy Conservation Standards for General Service Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector Lamps, July DOE CALiPER Program, May Analysis and figure: D&R International. 18 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

23 Figure 7b. Performance of Incandescent Reflector and LED Replacement Lamps, PAR30/R PAR30/R30 Lamp Performance Light Output (lumens) DOE Energy Conservation Standard, lamp diameter >2.5 inches 50W 60W 65W 75W 200 Impacts on U.S. imports and manufacturing (July 2012) Wattage LED CFL Halogen Sources: LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, CFL: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February Incandescent/Halogen: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document: Energy Conservation Standards for General Service Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector Lamps, July DOE CALiPER Program, May Analysis and figure: D&R International. Figure does not include the performance of BR30 lamps, which are widely available and exempt from the DOE standard. 19 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

24 Figure 7c. Performance of Incandescent Reflector and LED Replacement Lamps, PAR20/R20 Light Output (lumens) PAR20/R20 Lamp Performance DOE Energy Conservation Standard, lamp diameter <2.5 inches 50W W Impacts on U.S. imports and manufacturing (July 2012) Wattage LED CFL Halogen Exempt (R20 lamps rated at 45W or less) Sources: LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, CFL: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February Incandescent/Halogen: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February DOE CALiPER Program, May Analysis and figure: D&R International. 20 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

25 DOE Energy Conservation Standard: General Service Fluorescent Lamps Table 4 shows an overview of the DOE Energy Conservation Standard requirements for general service fluorescent lamps. Lamp efficacy for general service fluorescent lamps depends on the lamp type and CCT. This report focuses on 4-foot medium bi-pin (T8 and T12) and mini bi-pin (T5) fluorescent lamps because of the proliferation of LED replacements for these product types. 12 However, the DOE Energy Conservation Standard does not affect LED replacement lamps; it pertains only to the fluorescent lamp types shown in Table For more information on LED replacements for 4-foot linear fluorescent lamps, see DOE s LED Application Series: LED Replacements for Four-Foot Linear Fluorescent Lamps Fact Sheet at flourescent-replacement.pdf. Table 4. DOE Energy Conservation Standard for General Service Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Type CCT<4500K Minimum Lamp Efficacy (lm/w) 4500K<CCT 7000K 2-Foot U-Shaped Foot Medium Bi-Pin Based Foot Mini Bi-Pin Based Standard Output 4-Foot Mini Bi-Pin Based High Output Foot Slimline Foot High Output Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document: Energy Conservation Standards for General Service Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector Lamps, July Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

26 Four-Foot Linear Fluorescent Lamps, 2012 Figure 8 shows the DOE Energy Conservation Standard compared to T5, T8, and T12 fluorescent products and LED replacement lamps. Will fluorescent lamps meet the new requirements? Yes. Fluorescent lamps already on the market meet the new requirements. How do LED replacement lamps compare to 4-foot linear fluorescent T8 lamps? Many LED replacement lamps do not even meet the efficacy level of the DOE 2012 fluorescent standard. The standard does not apply to LED lamps and is shown here for reference only. Most LED replacement lamps produce only about half the light output of fluorescents. Based on light output and efficacy, LED replacement lamps for 4-foot T8 fluorescent lamps do not appear to be competitive with 4-foot T8 fluorescent lamps. Additional information on LED replacements for T8 fluorescent lamps is available in multiple DOE fact sheets, available at Moving Forward: Navigating the Decade of Change The Lighting Facts Product Snapshot will track the rapid changes in LED lighting technology, and assess which applications are appropriate for LED products as the technology develops and EISA s lighting provisions take effect. To receive updates to this Snapshot and other news about Lighting Facts, visit 22 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

27 Figure 8. Performance of Four-Foot Linear Fluorescent and LED Replacement Lamps 4000 Light Output (lumens) DOE Energy Conservation Standard 2012 (89 lm/w), fluorescent only Wattage LED Fluorescent T5 Fluorescent T8 Fluorescent T12 Sources: LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, Fluorescent: U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document: Energy Conservation Standards for General Service Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector Lamps, July DOE CALiPER Program, May Analysis and figure: D&R International. 23 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

28 24 Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011

29 D&R International 1300 Spring Street Suite 500 Silver Spring, MD P: Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011