Graphic Communication. The Project Set

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Cecil Cobb
7 years ago
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1 Graphic Communication The Project Set

2 Graphic Communication A building construction project requires a special set of drawings which are called a project set. These drawings are essential when a new building is being designed by an architect and also being planned by builders. Builders, joiners, plumbers, electricians, and water, gas, heating and telephone engineers all rely on this set of drawings when they are involved in the construction of a new building. There are several types of drawing within the project set, all of which will be explained and demonstrated in this presentation. They are: Location Plans Site Plans Floor Plans Sectional Views Elevations Schematic Diagrams Illustrations

Builders, joiners, plumbers, electricians, and water, gas, heating and telephone engineers all rely on this set of drawings when they are involved in the

3 Location Plans

4 Location Plans The Location Plan is the first drawing in a project set. The purpose of a Location Plan is to identify and show the location of buildings within their surroundings. Also, clear boundaries are indicated around each building in the plan. Usually a Location Plan is used to show where a new proposed building will be built within the area. This can then be used by builders and planning departments to decide whether the building should be built or not. Note: Location Plans are normally scaled at around 1:1250 The direction arrow always indicates North All proposed new buildings are outlined with a thick outline and are occasionally cross-hatched (number 6 in this example)

Also, clear boundaries are indicated around each building in the plan. Usually a Location Plan is used to show where a new proposed building will be built within the area.

5 Site/Block Plans

6 Site/Block Plans Site Plans are occasionally called Block Plans A Site/Block Plan is a more detailed and specific view of the close surrounding area (plot) of a proposed new building which has been highlighted in a Location Plan. In this drawing, paths, roads, and neighbouring plots are shown. This type of plan is used to help builders mark out the site and lay pipes and drainage for a new building. Site Plan 1 (plot 6 from Location Plan) shows: Trees in the plot Contour lines which show slopes in the ground (green lines) Drainage pipes and manholes (broken lines)

In this drawing, paths, roads, and neighbouring plots are shown.

7 Site/Block Plans Continued There may be extra information that a planner will put on a site plan for a new building, in addition to the position of paths and roads. Site Plan 2 is for the same building as site plan 1 but shows different information: A more detailed building outline, including the roof The main dimensions of the building and the site in metres. All site plans must show the position of the house within the site.

Site Plan 2 is for the same building as site plan 1 but shows different information: A more detailed

8 Floor Plans

9 Floor Plans The floor plan is the first internal drawing in a project set. Floor plans represent a plan view of a building, with the roof removed to show the interior. This type of drawing is mostly used by builders, joiners, plumbers and electricians to help plan the construction of the interior of a building and also to cost the required building materials. Note: Within a floor plan, the arrangement of rooms is always shown. The positions of windows and doors are usually indicated. The materials used in the walls are also indicated, in this case the outer walls are brick cavity walls and the inner partitions are made from timber and plasterboard. Floor Plans are normally scaled at around 1:50

building materials. Note: Within a floor plan, the arrangement of rooms is always shown. The positions of windows and doors are usually indicated.

10 Floor Plans Continued Floor plans can also be simplified to improve the speed of drawing. Within a simplified floor plan, you can find that the walls of the building are represented with a thick black line (as shown below) instead of the symbol for the material used, for example; brickwork. In any floor plan, extra information can be shown when needed such as the layout of water pipes and other plumbing, electric cabling and also the position of switches, sockets and fuse boxes. Note: This floor plan shows the dimensions of each room in centimetres. The layout of the rooms in the building is still clear to see, as is the positions of the windows and doors.

11 Fixtures, Appliances and Symbols More detailed floor plans show the layout of kitchens and bathrooms. Since these are rooms which have fixtures and appliances. BSI symbols are used to simplify the drawing of common features. This kitchen layout shows some electrical and central heating fittings. These are four of the most commonly used floor plan symbols: Sink top. Lamp/Light. Switch. Socket.

BSI symbols are used to simplify the drawing of common features.

12 Sectional Views & Elevations

13 Sectional Views Sectional views usually focus in on a cross section of a wall and roof. This view shows the specific section of a building, sliced so that builders, joiners and roofers can see a great deal of information about how the house should be built and also how certain materials and sections will piece together. Before a building can be built, local building control departments must see these sectional drawings so that they can assess the quality of the construction. Sectional views can show a cross section of any part of a building. Sectional Drawings can contain the following information: The construction of the eaves and the roof The type of materials used throughout How the windows will fit in to the walls Floorboards and joists The design and layout of the building foundations Normally scaled at 1:20

and sections will piece together. Before a building can be built, local building control departments must see these sectional drawings so that they can assess the quality of the construction.

14 Elevations Elevations are Orthographic projections of a building produced by the architect. Local planning departments require to see these elevations of a new building to assess whether the style and proportions of the proposed building are appropriate for the building location. Builders also need pictures of what the building will look like from the outside. The main information that Elevations show: The style of the building, e.g. Bungalow or villa The appearance of the building from the outside The style of the roof The positions of doors, chimneys and windows

building are appropriate for the building location. Builders also need pictures of what the building will look like from the outside.

15 Schematic Diagrams & Illustrations

16 Schematic Diagrams Heating engineers, plumbers and electricians work from schematic diagrams. The purpose of a schematic diagram is to present a complex 3D installation in a simple 2D form to make understanding it quicker and easier. Symbols are used in a schematic diagram to represent common parts such as radiators, valves and water tanks. Shown below is an example of a central heating system, drawn in 3D form. The water boiler feeds boiling water into three radiators. This pump pushes the water from the boiler, around the system. This is known as a closed system, because the water continues round in a loop. The header tank replenishes any water that is lost in the system, for example: from a leaky radiator.

Symbols are used in a schematic diagram to represent common parts such as radiators, valves and water tanks.

17 Schematic Diagrams Continued The 3D layout shown on the last slide is complicated and time consuming to draw. The schematic diagram below is much less complicated and so much quicker to draw out. BSI (British Standards Institute) symbols are used to represent the components in the system. The pipes are drawn as thin lines. This is simpler and easier to understand.

The schematic diagram below is much less complicated and so much quicker to draw out.

18 Illustrations Before construction begins on a new property, it is important to advertise the building. Selling or renting out the property is an important part of any building project. This often happens in modern times before a building is even fully built. In order to promote the building for this to happen, it must be marketed using a specialised type of drawing (graphic) called an illustration. Illustrations are normally created in pictorial (3D) form. They are vital to the marketing plan because: They can be drawn and rendered in such a way that will make them realistic and attractive to customers. They promote the property on the market. They are easy to understand for the public because they are not technical graphics. They can be included in sales brochures for new buildings and properties. They represent the property in pleasant and comfortable surroundings.

In order to promote the building for this to happen, it must be marketed using a specialised type of drawing (graphic) called an illustration.

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions Although Roy Homes can manage the entire build process from our first meeting with you to the day you move into your new home, we still like to work closely with our customers