South Dakota Parental Rights and Procedural Safeguards

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1 South Dakota Parental Rights and Procedural Safeguards Special Education Programs Revised July 2011

2 Prior Written Notice... 1 Definition of Parental Consent... 3 Definition of a Parent... 3 Parental Consent... 4 Initial Evaluation... 4 Special rules for initial evaluation of wards of the State... 5 Services... 5 Reevaluations... 6 Reasonable Efforts... 7 Other... 7 Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE)... 8 Confidentiality of Information & Access to Educational Records... 9 Amendment of Records at Parent s Request Children Placed in Private Schools by Their Parents if FAPE is at Issue Procedures on Disciplining Students with Disabilities Authority of School Personnel Manifestation Determination Special Circumstances Notification Change of Placement Because of Disciplinary Removals Determination of Setting Appeal Authority of Hearing Officer Placement During Appeals Protections for Children Not Determined Eligible for Special Education and Related Services Expedited Due Process Hearings Rule of Construction Referral to and Action by Law Enforcement & Judicial Transmittal of Records State Complaint Procedures Difference Between Due Process Hearing Complaint and State Complaint Procedures State Complaints Filing a Complaint State Complaint Procedures Mediation Filing a Due Process Complaint Due Process Complaint Resolution Process Adjustments to the 30-calendar-day resolution period Impartial Due Process Hearing Exceptions to the timeline Additional Disclosure of Information Parental Rights at Hearings Civil Actions Attorneys Fees Child s Status During Proceedings Transfer of Parental Rights at Age of Majority Sources for You to Contact for Additional Assistance in Understanding Your Rights: Appendix A: Education records Special Circumstances Definitions Native Language 46

3 Parental Rights Procedural Safeguards Notice The primary purpose of this document is to provide you with important information regarding your rights as a parent under special education in South Dakota. Please review them carefully and if you have questions or need assistance in understanding the provisions of the state s special education rules, contact any of the organizations listed at the end of this document or contact your local school district s superintendent or designee. The parental rights available to you in this document are also contained in South Dakota Special Education Administrative Rules, Article 24:05. Since these procedural safeguards are required under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), specific regulatory citations under Part B of IDEA (34 CFR Part 300) are provided throughout this document as an additional reference point. Availability of Notice 34 CFR (a)&(b) A copy of the procedural safeguards available to the parents of a child with a disability must be given to the parents only one time a school year, except that a copy must also be given to the parent: 1. Upon initial referral or parental request for evaluation; 2. Upon request by a parent; 3. In accordance with the discipline procedures in this document; and 4. Upon receipt of the first state complaint and first due process complaint in a school year. A district may place a current copy of the procedural safeguards notice on its internet website if a website exists. Prior Written Notice 34 CFR CFR The district must provide you with prior written notice five days before proposing to initiate or change or refusing to initiate or change the identification, evaluation or educational placement of 1

4 your child or the provision of a free appropriate public education to your child. The five day notice may be waived by you. The written notice must: 1. Describe the action that your school district proposes or refuses to take; 2. Explain why your school district is proposing or refusing to take the action; 3. Describe each evaluation procedure, assessment, record, or report your school district used in deciding to propose or refuse the action; 4. Include a statement that you have protections under the procedural safeguards provisions in Part B of the IDEA; 5. Tell you how you can obtain a description of the procedural safeguards if the action that your school district is proposing or refusing is not an initial referral for evaluation; 6. Include sources for you to contact for help in understanding Part B of the IDEA; 7. Describe any other options that your child's individualized education program (IEP) Team considered and the reasons why those options were rejected; and 8. Provide a description of other factors relevant to why your school district proposed or refused the action. The notice must be: 1. Written in language understandable to the general public; and 2. Provided in your native language or other mode of communication you use, unless it is clearly not feasible to do so. If your native language or other mode of communication is not a written language, your school district must take steps to ensure that: 1. The notice is translated for you orally or by other means in your native language or other mode of communication; 2. You understand the content of the notice; and 3. There is written evidence that 1 and 2 have been met. You may elect to receive notices required in this document regarding prior written notice, procedural safeguards notice, and notices related to a due process complaint by an electronic mail communication if the district makes that option available. The district will document your request to receive these notices by electronic mail. What this means.. Notices to parents must be in writing. It must be given to you whenever the school proposes or refuses an action that deals with identifying, evaluating, placing or providing services to your child. The notice must include all required information. Schools must make sure parents understand the contents of the prior written notice. 2

5 Definition of Parental Consent 34 CFR "Consent" means that the parent has been fully informed of all information relevant to the activity for which consent is sought, in his or her native language, or other mode of communication. The parent understands and agrees in writing to the carrying out of the activity for which his or her consent is sought, and the consent describes that activity and lists the records (if any) that will be released and to whom; and the parent understands that the granting of consent is voluntary on the part of the parent and may be revoked at any time. If a parent revokes consent, that revocation is not retroactive (i.e., it does not negate an action that has occurred after the consent was given and before the consent was revoked). If the parent revokes consent in writing for their child's receipt of special education services after the child is initially provided special education and related services, the district is not required to amend the child's education records to remove any references to the child's receipt of special education and related services because of the revocation of consent. What this means.. The parent understands and agrees in writing to the carrying out of the activity for which consent is sought. Granting your consent is voluntary and may be revoked at any time. If you revoke consent for special education services, the district is not required to amend your child s record regarding previous special education services received. Definition of a Parent 34 CFR A parent means: 1. A biological or adoptive parent of a child; 2. A foster parent unless state law, regulations, or contractual obligations with the state or local entity prohibit a foster parent from acting as a parent; 3. A guardian generally authorized to act as the child s parent, or authorized to make educational decisions for the child (but not the State if the child is a ward of the State); 4. An individual acting in the place of a biological or adoptive parent (including a grandparent, stepparent, or other relative) with whom the child lives, or an individual who is legally responsible for the child s welfare; or 5. A surrogate parent who has been appointed in accordance with state special education rules. Except: 1. If a judicial decree or order identifies a specific person or persons to act as the parent of a child or to make educational decisions on behalf of a child, under items 1-4 above, then such person or persons shall be determined to be the parent 3

6 2. The biological or adoptive parent, when attempting to act as the parent and when more than one party is qualified to act a parent, must be presumed to be the parent unless the biological or adoptive parent does not have legal authority to make educational decisions for the child. Parental Consent Initial Evaluation 34 CFR (a) 34 CFR Consent for initial evaluation Your school district cannot conduct an initial evaluation of your child to determine whether your child is eligible under Part B of the IDEA to receive special education and related services without first providing you with prior written notice of the proposed action and without obtaining your consent as described in this document. 1. Your school district must make reasonable efforts to obtain your informed consent for an initial evaluation to decide whether your child is a child with a disability. 2. Your consent for initial evaluation does not mean that you have also given your consent for the school district to start providing special education and related services to your child. 3. If your child is enrolled in public school or you are seeking to enroll your child in a public school and you have refused to provide consent or failed to respond to a request to provide consent for an initial evaluation, your school district may, but is not required to, seek to conduct an initial evaluation of your child by utilizing the IDEA's mediation or due process complaint, resolution meeting, and impartial due process hearing procedures (unless required to do so or prohibited from doing so under State law). 4. Your school district will not violate its obligations under child find to locate, identify and evaluate your child and the requirements regarding parental consent, evaluation, and reevaluation, if it does not pursue an evaluation of your child in these circumstances, unless State law requires it to pursue the evaluation. What this means.. The school must get your consent to do an initial evaluation of your child to see if your child is eligible to receive services. Your consent for the evaluation does not mean you have given consent for your child to receive special education services. 4

7 Special rules for initial evaluation of wards of the State If a child is a ward of the State and is not residing with his/her parent The school district does not need consent from the parent for an initial evaluation to determine if the child is a child with a disability if: 1. Despite reasonable efforts to do so, the school district cannot discover the whereabouts of the child s parent; 2. The rights of the parents have been terminated in accordance with State law; or 3. A judge has assigned the right to make educational decisions and to consent for an initial evaluation to an individual other than the parent. Ward of the State, as used in the IDEA, means a child who, as determined by the State where the child lives, is: 1. A foster child; 2. Considered a ward of the State under State law; or 3. In the custody of a public child welfare agency. Exception: Ward of the State does not include a foster child who has a foster parent who meets the definition of a parent. Parental Consent Services 34 CFR (b) Parental consent for services Your school district must obtain your informed consent before providing special education and related services to your child for the first time. 1. The school district must make reasonable efforts to obtain your informed consent before providing special education and related services to your child for the first time. 2. If you do not respond to a request to provide your consent for your child to receive special education and related services for the first time, or if you refuse to give such consent, or later revoke (cancel) your consent in writing your school district may not use the procedural safeguards (i.e., mediation, due process complaint, resolution meeting, or an impartial due process hearing) in order to obtain agreement or a ruling that the special education and related services (recommended by your child's IEP Team) may be provided to your child without your consent. 3. If you refuse to give your consent for your child to receive special education and related services for the first time, or if you do not respond to a request to provide such consent, or later revoke (cancel) your consent in writing, and the school district does not provide your child with the special education and related services for which it sought your consent, your school district: 5

8 Is not in violation of the requirement to make a free appropriate public education (FAPE) available to your child for its failure to provide those services to your child; and Is not required to have an individualized education program (IEP) meeting or develop an IEP for your child for the special education and related services for which your consent was requested. If you revoke (cancel) your consent in writing at any point after your child is first provided special education and related services, then the school district may not continue to provide such services, but must provide you with prior written notice, as described under the heading Prior Written Notice, before discontinuing those services. What this means.. The school must get your consent before providing special education and related services to your child for the first time. The school must try very hard to get your permission to provide special education and related services to your child. If you revoke (cancel) your consent for services in writing after your child first receives special education and related services, the school may not continue to provide your child with services and will notify you in writing. The school is not in violation of FAPE if you do not give your consent for services or if you do not respond to their request, or if you revoke (cancel) your consent in writing. Parental Consent Reevaluations 34 CFR (c) Parental consent for reevaluations Your school district must obtain your informed consent before it reevaluates your child, unless your school district can demonstrate and document its efforts that: 1. It took reasonable steps to obtain your consent for your child's reevaluation; and 2. You did not respond. If you refuse to consent to your child's reevaluation, the school district may, but is not required to, pursue your child's reevaluation by using the mediation, due process complaint, resolution meeting, and impartial due process hearing procedures to seek to override your refusal to consent to your child's reevaluation. As with initial evaluations, your school district does not violate its obligations under Part B of the IDEA if it declines to pursue the reevaluation in this manner. 6

9 What this means.. The school must get your consent in order to reevaluate your child for services unless the school can show it has made attempts to contact you to get consent and you have failed to respond, the school may go ahead and conduct the reevaluations without your consent. Parental Consent Reasonable Efforts 34 CFR (d) Documentation of reasonable efforts to obtain parental consent Your school must maintain documentation of reasonable efforts to obtain parental consent for initial evaluations, to provide special education and related services for the first time, to reevaluation and to locate parents of wards of the State for initial evaluations. The documentation must include a record of the school district s attempts in these areas, such as: 1. Detailed records and dates of telephone calls made or attempted and the results of those calls; 2. Detailed copies of dated correspondence sent to the parents and any responses received; and 3. Detailed records and dates of visits made to the parent s home or place of employment and the results of those visits. Parental Consent Other 34 CFR (d) Other consent requirements Your consent is not required before your school district may: 1. Review existing data as part of your child's evaluation or a reevaluation; or 2. Give your child a test or other evaluation that is given to all children unless, before that test or evaluation, consent is required from all parents of all children. Your school district may not use your refusal to consent to one service or activity to deny you or your child any other service, benefit, or activity except as required under Part B of IDEA. If you have enrolled your child in a private school at your own expense or if you are home schooling your child, and you do not provide your consent for your child's initial evaluation or 7

10 your child's reevaluation, or you fail to respond to a request to provide your consent, the school district may not use its consent override procedures (i.e., mediation, due process complaint, resolution meeting, or an impartial due process hearing) and is not required to consider your child as eligible to receive equitable services (services made available to parentally-placed private school children with disabilities). Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE) 34 CFR You have the right to an independent educational evaluation of your child at public expense if you disagree with an evaluation obtained by the district subject to the conditions in this section. 1. An independent educational evaluation means an evaluation conducted by a qualified examiner who is not employed by the district responsible for the education of your child. 2. Public expense means that the district either pays for the full cost of the evaluation or ensures that the evaluation is otherwise provided at no cost to you (consistent with the provisions of Part B of the IDEA, which allow each State to use whatever State, local, Federal and private sources of support are available in the State to meet the requirements of Part B of the Act). If you request an independent educational evaluation, the district may ask you for the reason why you object to the public evaluation. However, the explanation by you may not be required and the district may not unreasonably delay either providing the independent educational evaluation at public expense or filing a due process complaint to request a due process hearing to defend the public evaluation. At your request for an IEE, the district will provide you with information about where an IEE may be obtained, and the district criteria applicable for independent educational evaluations. If you request an independent educational evaluation at public expense, the district must, without unnecessary delay either file a due process complaint to request a hearing to show that its evaluation is appropriate or ensure an independent educational evaluation is provided at public expense unless, through the hearing process, the district demonstrates that the evaluation obtained by the parent did not meet district criteria. If the district files a due process complaint notice to request a hearing and the final decision is that the districts evaluation is appropriate, you still have the right to an independent educational evaluation, but not at public expense. You are entitled to only one independent educational evaluation of your child at public expense each time your school district conducts an evaluation of your child with which you disagree. 8

11 If you obtain an independent educational evaluation at public expense or share with the district an evaluation obtained at private expense, the results of the evaluation must be considered by the district, if it meets district criteria, in any decision made with respect to the provision of a free appropriate public education to your child. The results of the evaluation may be presented by any party as evidence at a hearing on a due process complaint under this state rule regarding your child. If a hearing officer requests an independent educational evaluation as part of a hearing on a due process complaint, the cost of the evaluation must be at public expense. If an independent educational evaluation is at public expense, the criteria under which the evaluation is obtained, including the location of the evaluation and the qualifications of the examiner must be the same as the criteria that the district uses when it initiates an evaluation to the extent those criteria are consistent with the parent s right to an independent educational evaluation. Except for the criteria described above, the district may not impose conditions or timelines related to obtaining an independent educational evaluation at public expense. What this means.. You have the right to an independent educational evaluation if you disagree with the evaluation conducted by the public school. Parents always have the right to have an independent evaluation conducted at your own expense which must be considered in developing your child s IEP, so long as your evaluation meets the school s criteria for evaluations. If you have an IEE completed or if you inform the school of your intent to have an IEE completed, the schools options are to pay for the evaluation or initiate a due process hearing to attempt to show that the school s evaluation was appropriate. A school can also initiate a hearing to demonstrate an IEE the parent had conducted did not meet school criteria. Parents are entitled to only one IEE in the area(s) in which they disagree with a school s evaluation each time the school district evaluates their child. Confidentiality of Information & Access to Educational Records 34 CFR CFR CFR Definitions as used under confidentiality of information include - "Destruction" means physical destruction or removal of personal identifiers from information so that the information is no longer personally identifiable. 9

12 "Education records" means the type of records covered under the definition of "education records" in 34 CFR part 99 (the regulations implementing the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, 20 U.S.C. 1232g (FERPA)). (See Appendix A for full definition) "Participating agency" means any agency or institution that collects, maintains, or uses personally identifiable information, or from which information is obtained, under Part B of the IDEA. "Personally identifiable information," the term includes: 1. The student's name; 2. The name of the student's parent or other family members; 3. The address of the student or student's family; 4. A personal identifier, such as the student's social security number, student number, or biometric record; 5. Other indirect identifiers, such as the student's date of birth, place of birth, and mother's maiden name; 6. Other information that, alone or in combination, is linked or linkable to a specific student that would allow a reasonable person in the school community, who does not have personal knowledge of the relevant circumstances, to identify the student with reasonable certainty; or 7. Information requested by a person who the educational agency or institution reasonably believes knows the identity of the student to whom the education record relates; Special Education Programs shall give notice that is adequate to fully inform parents about the requirements of the confidentiality of personally identifiable information, including: 1. A description of the extent that the notice is given in the native languages of the various population groups in the state; 2. A description of the children on whom personally identifiable information is maintained, the types of information sought, the methods the state intends to use in gathering the information (including the sources from whom information is gathered), and the uses to be made of the information; 3. A summary of the policies and procedures that participating agencies must follow regarding storage, disclosure to third parties, retention, and destruction of personally identifiable information; and 4. A description of all rights of parents and children regarding this information, including the rights under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, and implementing regulations in 34 CFR part 99. Before any major identification, location, or evaluation activity, the notice must be published or announced in newspapers or other media or both, with circulation adequate to notify parents throughout the state of the activity. The school district: 1. Must permit you to inspect and review any education records relating to your child which are collected, maintained or used by the district under Part B of IDEA. 2. Must comply with your request without unnecessary delay and before any meeting regarding an individualized education program (IEP), a resolution session described in this document, hearing relating to discipline or hearing relating to the identification, 10

13 evaluation, or education placement of your child or the provision of a free appropriate public education to your child. 3. May not take more than 45 calendar days to comply after the request has been made. Your right to inspect and review education records under this section includes: 1. The right to a response from the district to reasonable requests for explanations and interpretations of the records; 2. The right to request that the district provide copies of the records containing the information if failure to provide these copies would effectively prevent you from exercising your right to inspect and review the records; 3. The right to have your representative inspect and review the records. The school district may presume that you have authority to inspect and review records relating to your child unless the district has been advised that the parent does not have the authority under applicable State law governing such matters as guardianship, separation, divorce or custody. The district must keep a record of parties obtaining access to the education record collected, maintained or used under Part B of IDEA (except access by you or authorized school employees of the district) including the name of the party, the date access was given and the purpose for which the party is authorized to use the records. A parent or an eligible student may inspect the record on request. If any education records include information on more than one child, the parents of those children have the right to inspect and review only the information relating to their child or to be informed of that specific information. The district shall provide parents, upon request, a list of the types of education records and the locations of those records collected, maintained, or used by the district. A fee may be charged by the district for copies of records that are made for parents under Part B of IDEA, if the fee does not effectively prevent the parents from exercising their right to inspect and review those records. The district may not charge a fee to search for or retrieve information under Part B of IDEA. Unless the information is contained in education records, and the disclosure is authorized without parental consent under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), your consent must be obtained before personally identifiable information is disclosed to parties other than officials of participating agencies collecting or using the information under Part B of IDEA. Except under the circumstances specified below, your consent is not required before personally identifiable information is released to officials of participating agencies for purposes of meeting a requirement of Part B of the IDEA: (1) An educational agency or institution may disclose personally identifiable information from the education records of a student without the written consent of the parent of the student or the eligible student if the disclosure is to other school officials, including teachers, within the educational institution or local educational agency who have been 11

14 determined by the agency or institution to have legitimate educational interests or to officials of another school or school system in which the student seeks or intends to enroll, subject to the requirements set forth in subdivision (2) of this section; and (2) An educational agency or institution that discloses the education records of a student pursuant to subdivision (1) of this section shall make a reasonable attempt to notify the parent of the student or the eligible student at the last known address of the parent or eligible student, unless the disclosure is initiated by the parent or eligible student. If the agency or institution includes in its annual notice of parent's rights that it is the policy of the public agency to forward education records on request to a school in which a student seeks or intends to enroll, then the public agency does not have to provide any further notice of the transfer of records. An educational agency receiving personally identifiable information from another educational agency or institution may make further disclosures of the information on behalf of the educational agency without the prior written consent of the parent or eligible student if the conditions of subdivisions (1) and (2) of this section are met and if the educational agency informs the party to whom disclosure is made of these requirements. Your consent, or consent of an eligible child who has reached the age of majority under State law, must be obtained before personally identifiable information is released to officials of participating agencies providing or paying for transition services. If your child is in, or is going to go to, a private school that is not located in the same school district you reside in, your consent must be obtained before any personally identifiable information about your child is released between officials in the school district where the private school is located and officials in the school district where you reside. The district shall protect the confidentiality of personally identifiable information at collection, storage, disclosure and destruction stages. 1. One official at the district shall assume responsibility for ensuring the confidentiality of any personally identifiable information. 2. All persons collecting or using personally identifiable information must receive training or instruction regarding the State s policies and procedures regarding confidentiality of personally identifiable information under Part B of IDEA and FERPA. 3. The district shall maintain, for public inspection, a current listing of the names and positions of those employees within the district who may have access to personally identifiable information. 4. The district shall inform you when personally identifiable information collected, maintained or used for special education and related services is no longer needed to provide educational services to your child. 5. The information no longer needed must be destroyed at your request, however, a permanent record of your child s name, address, phone number, his or her own grades, attendance record, classes attended and grade level completed may be maintained without time limitation. 12

15 Special Education Programs shall have in effect policies and procedures regarding the extent to which children are afforded rights of privacy similar to those afforded to parents, taking into consideration the age of the child and type or severity of disability. Under the regulations for the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (34 CFR 99.5(a)), the rights of parents regarding education records are transferred to the student at age 18. If the rights accorded to parents under Part B of the IDEA are transferred to a student who reaches the age of majority, the rights regarding educational records must also be transferred to the student. However, the district must provide any notice required under section 615 of the IDEA to the student and the parents. (See additional information under the heading Transfer of Parental Rights at Age of Majority ) What this means.. Parents have the right to see all educational records. Schools must comply with a parent s request without unnecessary delay, but within no more than 45 days. The only time a school may forbid a parent from reviewing records is if the school has a legal document stating that a particular parent doe not have that right. Schools must keep a record of any person, excluding parents and authorized school personnel, who view your child s records. Schools must keep a list, and inform you if you request, of the location of all educational records for your child. Schools must get your consent before disclosing personally identifiable information about your child to any person other than school officials allowed such access or entities where consent is not required. Schools must inform you when your child s records become outdated and then destroy them upon your request. The rights regarding confidentiality of records discussed above apply equally to students with disabilities once their rights have been transferred at age 18. Amendment of Records at Parent s Request 34 CFR If you believe the information in the education records regarding your child collected, maintained or used under Part B of IDEA is inaccurate or misleading or violates the privacy or other rights of your child, you may request the district that maintains the information to amend the information. The district shall decide whether to amend the information in accordance with the request within a reasonable period of time of receipt of the request. If the district decides to refuse to amend the information in accordance with the request, it shall inform you of the refusal, and advise you of your rights to a hearing as described below. 13

16 The district shall, on request, provide you an opportunity for a hearing to challenge information in education records to ensure that it is not inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise in violation of the privacy or other rights of your child. A hearing to challenge information in education records must be conducted according to the procedures for such hearings under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). At a minimum, a district's hearing procedures must include the following elements: (1) The hearing must be held within 30 days after the district received the request, and the parent of the student or eligible student shall be given notice of the date, place, and time 5 days in advance of the hearing; (2) The hearing may be conducted by any party, including an official of the district, who does not have a direct interest in the outcome of the hearing; (3) The parent of the student or eligible student shall be afforded a full and fair opportunity to present evidence relevant to the issues raised and may be assisted or be represented by individuals of the parent's choice at the parent's own expense, including an attorney; (4) The district shall make its decision in writing within 30 days after the conclusion of the hearing; and (5) The decision of the district shall be based solely upon the evidence presented at the hearing and shall include a summary of the evidence and the reasons for the decision. If, as a result of the hearing, the district decides that the information is inaccurate, misleading or otherwise in violation of the privacy or other rights of your child, it shall amend the information accordingly and so inform you in writing. If as a result of the hearing, the district decides that the information is not inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise in violation of the privacy or other rights of your child, it shall inform you of your right to place in the records the district maintains on your child a statement commenting on the information or setting forth any reasons for disagreeing with the decision of the agency. Any explanation placed in your child s records must be maintained by the district as part of the records of your child as long as the record or contested portion is maintained by the district; and if the records of your child or the contested portion is disclosed by the district to any party, the explanation must also be disclosed to the party. What this means.. If you find something in your child s file that you believe to be incorrect, false, or go against your child s rights, you have the right to request that such information be changed or deleted from the file. If the school disagrees with your request, you have the right to a hearing on the matter. 14

17 Children Placed in Private Schools by Their Parents if FAPE is at Issue 34 CFR A school district is not required to pay the cost of education, including special education and related services, of a child with a disability at a private school or facility if the district made a free appropriate public education (FAPE) available to the child and you still elected to place your child at the private school or facility. However, the district shall include your child in the population whose needs are addressed through private school enrollment where FAPE is not at issue. Disagreements between you and the district regarding the availability of an appropriate program for your child and the question of financial reimbursement are subject to the due process procedures found within this document. If you enroll your child, who previously received special education and related services through your school district, in a private preschool, elementary or secondary school without the consent of or referral by the district: 1. A court or hearing officer may require the district to reimburse you for the cost of that enrollment if the court or hearing officer finds that the district had not made FAPE available to your child in a timely manner prior to that enrollment, and that the private placement is appropriate. 2. A parental placement may be found to be appropriate by a hearing officer or a court even if it does not meet the State standards that apply to education provided by the State Special Education Programs and school districts. The cost of reimbursement described in the above paragraph may be reduced or denied if- 1. At the most recent IEP team meeting you attended prior to the removal of your child from the public school, you did not inform the IEP team that you were rejecting the placement proposed by the district to provide FAPE to your child, including stating your concerns and intent to enroll your child at a private school at public expense; or at least ten (10) business days (including any holidays that occur on a business day) prior to the removal of your child from the public school, you did not give written notice to the district of your rejection of the placement proposed by the district, including stating your concerns and intent to enroll your child in a private school at public expense. 2. If, prior to your removal of your child from the public school, the district informed you through notice of its intent to evaluate your child (including a statement of the purpose of the evaluation that was appropriate and reasonable) but you did not make the child available for the evaluation; or 3. Upon a judicial finding of unreasonableness with respect to actions taken by you. However, the cost of reimbursement: 15

18 1. May not be reduced or denied for failure to provide the notice if: (a) The school prevented you from providing the notice; (b) You had not received notice of your responsibility to provide the notice described above; or (c) Compliance with the requirements above would likely result in physical harm to your child; and 2. May, in the discretion of the court or a hearing officer, not be reduced or denied for the parents failure to provide the required notice if: (a) The parent is not literate or cannot write in English; or (b) Compliance with the above requirement would likely result in serious emotional harm to the child. What this means.. If you believe the public school is not providing a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to your child and you place your child privately for services, a court or hearing officer can order the public school to reimburse you for the cost of the private program if the court or the hearing officer finds: 1) the public school failed to offer or provide your child with a FAPE in a timely manner; and 2) the private placement is determined to be appropriate. Parents must give the public school notice, either at an IEP meeting or in writing at least 10 business days prior to removing your child, of your dissatisfaction with the proposed placement, concerns, and intent to place your child privately. Reimbursement may be reduced or denied if this notice is not given. Reimbursement may also be reduced or denied if, after you ve told the public school of your intent to place your child in a private school and the public school provides you written notice of its intent to evaluate your child, you fail to make your child available for evaluation. The law also provides that parents who act unreasonably may have reimbursement reduced or denied. Parents do not need to give notice prior before placing their child privately if 1) if the parent is illiterate and cannot write in English; 2) if giving notice would likely result in physical or serious emotional harm to your child; 3) if the public school prevented you from providing notice (such as refusing to hold an IEP meeting or refusing to accept your written notice); or 4) if the public school failed to provide you with notice that you were required to give the district notice. Procedures on Disciplining Students with Disabilities Authority of School Personnel 34 CFR (a)-(d) Case-by-Case Determination 16

19 School personnel may consider any unique circumstances on a case-by-case basis when determining whether a change in placement, consistent with the other requirements of this section, is appropriate for a child with a disability who violates a code of student conduct. General School personnel under this section may remove a child with a disability who violates a code of student conduct from his or her current placement to an appropriate interim alternative educational setting, another setting, or suspension, for not more than 10 consecutive school days (to the extent those alternatives are applied to children without disabilities), and for additional removals of not more than 10 consecutive school days in that same school year for separate incidents of misconduct (as long as those removals do not constitute a change of placement.) After a child with a disability has been removed from his or her current placement for 10 school days in the same school year, during any subsequent days of removal the district must provide services to the extent required under this section. Additional Authority For disciplinary changes in placement that would exceed 10 consecutive school days, if the behavior that gave rise to the violation of the school code is determined not to be a manifestation of the child s disability, school personnel may apply the relevant disciplinary procedures to children with disabilities in the same manner and for the same duration as the procedures would be applied to children without disabilities, except as provided in this section. Services A child with a disability who is removed from the child s current placement pursuant to the additional authority above or special circumstances in this section must: 1. Continue to receive educational services under FAPE, so as to enable the child to continue to participate in the general education curriculum, although in another setting, and to progress toward meeting the goals set out in the child s IEP; and 2. Receive, as appropriate, a functional behavioral assessment, and behavioral intervention services and modifications that are designed to address the behavior violation so that it does not recur. The services required by this section may be provided in an interim alternative educational setting. A public agency is only required to provide services during periods of removal to a child with a disability who has been removed from his or her current placement for 10 school days or less in that school year, if it provides services to a child without disabilities who is similarly removed. After a child with a disability has been removed from his or her current placement for 10 school days in the same school year, if the current removal is for not more than 10 consecutive school days and is not a change of placement, school personnel, in consultation with at least one of the child s teachers, determine the extent to which services are needed, under FAPE, so as to enable the child to continue to participate in the general education curriculum, although in another setting, and to progress toward meeting the goals set out in the child s IEP. If the removal is a change of placement, the child s IEP Team determines appropriate services under this section. 17

20 Manifestation Determination 34 CFR (e) Within 10 school days of any decision to change the placement of a child with a disability because of a violation of a code of student conduct, the district, the parent, and relevant members of the child's IEP Team (as determined by the parent and the district) must review all relevant information in the student's file, including the child's IEP, any teacher observations, and any relevant information provided by the parents to determine: 1. If the conduct in question was caused by, or had a direct and substantial relationship to, the child's disability; or 2. If the conduct in question was the direct result of the district's failure to implement the IEP. The conduct must be determined to be a manifestation of the child's disability if the district, the parent, and relevant members of the child's IEP Team determine that a condition in either (1) or (2) above was met. If the district, the parent, and relevant members of the child s IEP Team determine the condition described above was met, the district must take immediate steps to remedy those deficiencies. If the district, the parent, and relevant members of the IEP Team make the determination that the conduct was a manifestation of the child's disability, the IEP Team must: 1. Either: a. Conduct a functional behavioral assessment, unless the district had conducted a functional behavioral assessment before the behavior that resulted in the change of placement occurred, and implement a behavioral intervention plan for the child; or b. If a behavioral intervention plan already has been developed, review the behavioral intervention plan, and modify it, as necessary, to address the behavior; and 2. Except as provided in cases of special circumstances (i.e. weapons, drugs, serious bodily injury) return the child to the placement from which the child was removed, unless the parent and the district agree to a change of placement as part of the modification of the behavioral intervention plan. Special Circumstances 34 CFR (g) School personnel may remove a student to an interim alternative educational setting for not more than 45 school days without regard to whether the behavior is determined to be a manifestation of the child's disability, if the child: 18

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