Physical Properties of Minerals. Physical Properties. Hardness. ERSC 2P12 Minerals 2
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1 Physical Properties of Minerals Hardness Colour Streak Lustre Cleavage Diaphaneity Parting Fracture Physical Properties Striations Magnetism Specific Gravity Crystal Form Aggregates Tenacity Acid Reaction Taste Hardness is defined Hardness 1
2 Moh s Hardness Scale Mineral Hardness Common material Talc 1 Soft lead pencil Gypsum 2 Chalk or finger nail Calcite 3 Copper penny Fluorite 4 Iron nail Apatite 5 Steel knife blade K Feldpar 6 Glass plate or steel file Quartz 7 Garnet sandpaper Topaz 8 Corundum 9 Emery sandpaper Diamond 10 Colour Colour 2
3 Colour eg Streak Lustre Lustre is defined Lustre depends on 3
4 Lustre Two man classes of lustre are: eg. Note Striations Lustre Metallic Nonmetallic Lustre For nonmetallic lustres the following terms are used: 4
5 Cleavage is Cleavage Cleavage depends on Cleavage planes To describe cleavage Cleavage 5
6 Angle between Cleavages: From EARTH: Portrait of a Planet by Stephen Marshak Angle between Cleavages: Copyright 2002, G.C. Finn Angle between Cleavages: 6
7 Angle between Cleavages: Angle between Cleavages: Angle between Cleavages: 7
8 Diaphaneity The ability of a mineral eg. eg. eg. Parting Fracture Terms used to describe fracture: 8
9 Striations Magnetism Specific gravity is Specific Gravity 9
10 Crystal Form Aggregates Mineral specimens are generally aggregates of imperfect crystals which may be arranged in a variety of ways to give the specimens different textures: eg. eg. eg. eg. Tenacity 10
11 Acid Reaction Taste eg. Important Minerals 11
12 Important Minerals Quartz - SiO 2 Feldspars alkali or potassium feldspars - KAlSi 3 O 8 plagioclase feldspar - (Na,Ca)Al(Al,Si)Si 2 O 8 Pyroxene Group - Ca(Mg,Fe)Si 2 O 6 Amphibole Group - NaCa 2 (Mg,Fe,Al) 5 (Si,Al) 8 O 22 (OH) 2 Important Minerals (continued) Mica Group biotite - K 2 (Mg,Fe) 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH,O,F) 2 muscovite - KAl 2 (AlSi 3 O 10 )(OH) 2 Olivine - (Fe,Mg) 2 SiO 4 Garnet - (Ca,Mg,Fe 2+,Mn) 3 (Al,Fe 3+,Cr)(SiO 4 ) 3 Kyanite, Andalusite, Sillimanite - Al 2 SiO 5 Staurolite - Fe 2 Al 9 O 6 (SiO 4 ) 4 (OH) 2 Chlorite - (Mg,Al,Fe) 3 (Si,Al) 4 O 10 (OH) 2 *(Mg,Al,Fe) 3 (OH) 6 Nonsilicates Calcite - CaCO 3 Dolomite - (Ca,Mg)CO 3 Gypsum - CaSO 4 *2H 2 O Apatite - Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH,Cl,F) Halite - NaCl Magnetite - Fe 3 O 4 Hematite - Fe 2 O 3 Pyrite FeS 2 12
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