Physical Properties of Minerals. Physical Properties. Hardness. ERSC 2P12 Minerals 2

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Physical Properties of Minerals. Physical Properties. Hardness. ERSC 2P12 Minerals 2"

Transcription

1 Physical Properties of Minerals Hardness Colour Streak Lustre Cleavage Diaphaneity Parting Fracture Physical Properties Striations Magnetism Specific Gravity Crystal Form Aggregates Tenacity Acid Reaction Taste Hardness is defined Hardness 1

2 Moh s Hardness Scale Mineral Hardness Common material Talc 1 Soft lead pencil Gypsum 2 Chalk or finger nail Calcite 3 Copper penny Fluorite 4 Iron nail Apatite 5 Steel knife blade K Feldpar 6 Glass plate or steel file Quartz 7 Garnet sandpaper Topaz 8 Corundum 9 Emery sandpaper Diamond 10 Colour Colour 2

3 Colour eg Streak Lustre Lustre is defined Lustre depends on 3

4 Lustre Two man classes of lustre are: eg. Note Striations Lustre Metallic Nonmetallic Lustre For nonmetallic lustres the following terms are used: 4

5 Cleavage is Cleavage Cleavage depends on Cleavage planes To describe cleavage Cleavage 5

6 Angle between Cleavages: From EARTH: Portrait of a Planet by Stephen Marshak Angle between Cleavages: Copyright 2002, G.C. Finn Angle between Cleavages: 6

7 Angle between Cleavages: Angle between Cleavages: Angle between Cleavages: 7

8 Diaphaneity The ability of a mineral eg. eg. eg. Parting Fracture Terms used to describe fracture: 8

9 Striations Magnetism Specific gravity is Specific Gravity 9

10 Crystal Form Aggregates Mineral specimens are generally aggregates of imperfect crystals which may be arranged in a variety of ways to give the specimens different textures: eg. eg. eg. eg. Tenacity 10

11 Acid Reaction Taste eg. Important Minerals 11

12 Important Minerals Quartz - SiO 2 Feldspars alkali or potassium feldspars - KAlSi 3 O 8 plagioclase feldspar - (Na,Ca)Al(Al,Si)Si 2 O 8 Pyroxene Group - Ca(Mg,Fe)Si 2 O 6 Amphibole Group - NaCa 2 (Mg,Fe,Al) 5 (Si,Al) 8 O 22 (OH) 2 Important Minerals (continued) Mica Group biotite - K 2 (Mg,Fe) 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH,O,F) 2 muscovite - KAl 2 (AlSi 3 O 10 )(OH) 2 Olivine - (Fe,Mg) 2 SiO 4 Garnet - (Ca,Mg,Fe 2+,Mn) 3 (Al,Fe 3+,Cr)(SiO 4 ) 3 Kyanite, Andalusite, Sillimanite - Al 2 SiO 5 Staurolite - Fe 2 Al 9 O 6 (SiO 4 ) 4 (OH) 2 Chlorite - (Mg,Al,Fe) 3 (Si,Al) 4 O 10 (OH) 2 *(Mg,Al,Fe) 3 (OH) 6 Nonsilicates Calcite - CaCO 3 Dolomite - (Ca,Mg)CO 3 Gypsum - CaSO 4 *2H 2 O Apatite - Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH,Cl,F) Halite - NaCl Magnetite - Fe 3 O 4 Hematite - Fe 2 O 3 Pyrite FeS 2 12

LAB 2: MINERAL PROPERTIES AND IDENTIFICATION

LAB 2: MINERAL PROPERTIES AND IDENTIFICATION OBJECTIVES: LAB 2: MINERAL PROPERTIES AND IDENTIFICATION 1) to become familiar with the properties important in identifying minerals; 2) to learn how to identify the common rock-forming minerals. Preparatory

More information

Procedures for identifying minerals:

Procedures for identifying minerals: Procedures for identifying minerals: 1. Separate metallic/earthy minerals from nonmetallic minerals. If you re not sure about the luster of the mineral, then it is probably nonmetallic. a. EARTHY AND METALLIC

More information

** Rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals ** 3. Hardness: A measure of resistance to scratching. On the Mohs Scale, it ranges from 1 to 10.

** Rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals ** 3. Hardness: A measure of resistance to scratching. On the Mohs Scale, it ranges from 1 to 10. Lab 2: Mineral Lab notes. Minerals are inorganic, solid, naturally occurring substances that have a characteristic chemical compositions, distinctive physical properties, and crystalline structures. Chemical

More information

Identifying Minerals

Identifying Minerals Identifying Minerals All rocks are made up of minerals. Rocks have different colors, textures, and shapes. Some rocks or minerals are very hard. Some are soft. A gemstone is a mineral that is rare and

More information

P1: Rock identification (I)

P1: Rock identification (I) P1: Rock identification (I) Examine the rocks specimens provided with the aid of these notes. All the rocks come from Ireland, as detailed on the attached map. Answer the short question on each specimen

More information

Identification of Rock forming mineral -Sean Tvelia-

Identification of Rock forming mineral -Sean Tvelia- Identification of Rock forming mineral -Sean Tvelia- Minerals are the natural material that every inorganic material on planet Earth is composed of. They are the foundation of both our planet and most

More information

Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Class: Date: Minerals Study Guide Modified True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.

More information

Lab 3: Minerals. (2) Minerals are solids, therefore liquids and gases are not considered minerals.

Lab 3: Minerals. (2) Minerals are solids, therefore liquids and gases are not considered minerals. Introduction Minerals Minerals are the basic building blocks that make up the solid Earth. Therefore, any study of the solid Earth must begin with an understanding of minerals. A mineral, by definition,

More information

Earth Materials: Minerals. Mineral Properties. Mineral Properties. Some optical properties. Three general categories:

Earth Materials: Minerals. Mineral Properties. Mineral Properties. Some optical properties. Three general categories: 1 2 Earth Materials: Minerals What is a mineral? Properties/characteristics of different types of minerals Mineral structures and bonding Major categories of minerals Importance and uses of minerals What

More information

FAIRLY SIMPLE MINERAL IDENTIFICATION EXERCISE. John J. Thomas

FAIRLY SIMPLE MINERAL IDENTIFICATION EXERCISE. John J. Thomas FAIRLY SIMPLE MINERAL IDENTIFICATION EXERCISE John J. Thomas Purpose An exercise in the identification of minerals that uses minerals with very distinct characteristics. The students will learn the characteristics

More information

Mineral Identification

Mineral Identification Mineral Identification Name Notes Page Objectives Explain which mineral properties are most important in identification. Explain how to identify minerals by their properties. Classify some common minerals

More information

Chapter 1. Minerals and Mineraloids

Chapter 1. Minerals and Mineraloids Chapter 1 Minerals and Mineraloids When most people think of minerals, they usually imagine expensive gemstones like diamonds, emeralds and sapphires, or economic minerals like silver, gold and copper.

More information

Rocks and Minerals Multiple Choice

Rocks and Minerals Multiple Choice Rocks and Minerals Multiple Choice 1. The basaltic bedrock of the oceanic crust is classified as (1) felsic, with a density of 2.7 g/cm3 (2) felsic, with a density of 3.0 g/cm3 (3) mafic, with a density

More information

EARTH SCIENCE 110 INTRODUCTION to GEOLOGY MINERALS & ROCKS LABORATORY

EARTH SCIENCE 110 INTRODUCTION to GEOLOGY MINERALS & ROCKS LABORATORY EARTH SCIENCE 110 INTRODUCTION to GEOLOGY DR. WOLTEMADE NAME: SECTION: MINERALS & ROCKS LABORATORY INTRODUCTION The identification of minerals and rocks is an integral part of understanding our physical

More information

Presents the. Rock Test Study Resource

Presents the. Rock Test Study Resource Presents the Rock Test Study Resource Created by Simone Markus Published by EngLinks 1 Preface This is a free resource provided by EngLinks for students in APSC 151. This presentation is a supplementary

More information

FIFTH GRADE MINERALS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES

FIFTH GRADE MINERALS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES FIFTH GRADE MINERALS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES WEEK 1. PRE: Describing a chemical reaction. LAB: Illustrating how molecules move. POST: Comparing salt and sugar crystals. ROCK CYCLE OVERVIEW

More information

Rocks & Minerals 1 Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com

Rocks & Minerals 1 Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com Name: KEY Rocks & Minerals 1 KEY CONCEPT #1: What is a mineral? It is a naturally occurring, inorganic substance which has a definite chemical composition What would be the opposite of this? man-made,

More information

Objectives: Vocabulary: Materials: Students will: Safety: Element Mineral Streak. Absolute Hardness

Objectives: Vocabulary: Materials: Students will: Safety: Element Mineral Streak. Absolute Hardness : Finding Clues Like a Scientist Author: Kris Poduska Date Created: 2000 Subject: Earth Science, Classification Level: Elementary and Middle School Standards: New York State- Intermediate Science (www.emsc.nysed.gov/ciai/)

More information

Mineral Identification

Mineral Identification Laboratory Manual for Physical Geology Mineral Identification Overview... 2 Materials Needed... 2 Scientific Definition of Minerals... 2 Physical Properties of Minerals... 5 Identification Process... 13

More information

Properties of Minerals

Properties of Minerals Some of the samples used in Mineralogy Lab are museum specimens. Please do not destroy them. You can do just about anything you want to the grungy ones, but be nice to the pretty specimens as they are

More information

Silicate Structures. The building blocks of the common rock-forming minerals

Silicate Structures. The building blocks of the common rock-forming minerals Silicate Structures The building blocks of the common rock-forming minerals Mineral classes and the silicates There are a total of 78 mineral classes 27 of these are the silicates which constitute ~92%

More information

1. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire

1. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire UNIT 3 EXAM ROCKS AND MINERALS NAME: BLOCK: DATE: 1. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire FRANCONIA, N.H. Crowds

More information

Recommended Group Size: Groups of 2-3 This is a wet experiment and should ideally be done in the Science Lab

Recommended Group Size: Groups of 2-3 This is a wet experiment and should ideally be done in the Science Lab Grade: 3rd Activity #: 1 Activity Title: Studying Rocks and Minerals Recommended Group Size: Groups of 2-3 Special Notes: This is a wet experiment and should ideally be done in the Science Lab Purpose

More information

Rocks & Minerals. 10. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic? 1) rock salt 3) basalt 2) rhyolite 4) conglomerate

Rocks & Minerals. 10. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic? 1) rock salt 3) basalt 2) rhyolite 4) conglomerate 1. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals, only a small number are commonly found in rocks. This fact indicates that most 1) minerals weather before they can be identified 2) minerals have

More information

Lab Activity on Minerals

Lab Activity on Minerals Lab Activity on Minerals 2002 Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Chico * Introduction Rocks are made of many mineral grains stuck together.

More information

Chapter 1 MINERALS SECTION I: INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1 MINERALS SECTION I: INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 MINERALS SECTION I: INTRODUCTION From the perspective of a gemologist a mineral is an exciting thing! Most gems are minerals and minerals even in their natural form can be quite beautiful and

More information

Rock Identification Lab

Rock Identification Lab Rock Identification Lab Name Mineral Hardness Objective: You will determine the relative hardness of common objects relative to the known hardness of index minerals. We will use fingernail, copper, glass,

More information

Atoms and Elements. Atoms: Learning Goals. Chapter 3. Atoms and Elements; Isotopes and Ions; Minerals and Rocks. Clicker 1. Chemistry Background?

Atoms and Elements. Atoms: Learning Goals. Chapter 3. Atoms and Elements; Isotopes and Ions; Minerals and Rocks. Clicker 1. Chemistry Background? Chapter 3 Atoms Atoms and Elements; Isotopes and Ions; Minerals and Rocks A Review of Chemistry: What geochemistry tells us Clicker 1 Chemistry Background? A. No HS or College Chemistry B. High School

More information

Mineral Properties in Hand Specimen

Mineral Properties in Hand Specimen Gelgy 284 - Mineralgy, Fall 2015 Dr. Helen Lang, West Virginia University Mineral Prperties in Hand Specimen Luster Metallic Sub-metallic Nn-metallic Vitreus Adamantine Resinus Greasy Silky Pearly Dull

More information

Mineral Examination. Logot: Heureka, Pencil, Ecsite, EU

Mineral Examination. Logot: Heureka, Pencil, Ecsite, EU Mineral Examination Logot: Heureka, Pencil, Ecsite, EU This laboratory programme has been developed at Heureka, the Finnish Science Centre as a deliverable for the Work Package 8: Chemistry for Primary

More information

Laterite. Quartzite Rs./t 504 Silica Sand Rs./t 323 Sand (others) Rs./t NA Salt (rock) Rs./t NA. Steatite

Laterite. Quartzite Rs./t 504 Silica Sand Rs./t 323 Sand (others) Rs./t NA Salt (rock) Rs./t NA. Steatite 1 India 424 960 366 40-52% Cr2O3 Above 52% Cr2O3 2452 40-52% Cr2O3 12470 Above 52% Cr2O3 15258 Concetrates 11861 1237 55-58% Fe 2590 58-60% Fe 3256 60-62% Fe 3462 62-65% Fe 4557 65% Fe & above 4894 595

More information

Ex 10 Mineral Resources

Ex 10 Mineral Resources 103 Exercise 10 Mineral Resources James S. Reichard Georgia Southern University Student Name Section In this lab you will: explore the connection between society and its use of mineral and rock resources.

More information

Metamorphic Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised October 2007

Metamorphic Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised October 2007 Metamorphic Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised October 2007 1. Metamorphism is a that involves no melt phase. 2. The protolith of a metamorphic rock is the (a) sibling (b) brother (c) parent

More information

SIXTH GRADE MINERALS

SIXTH GRADE MINERALS SIXTH GRADE MINERALS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES ROCK CYCLE OVERVIEW OF SIXTH GRADE CHEMISTRY WEEK 1. PRE: Comparing different solutions. LAB: Exploring how elements can be released from compounds.

More information

Mineral Identification Tests. Test One: Density and Relative Mass

Mineral Identification Tests. Test One: Density and Relative Mass Test One: Density and Relative Mass Some minerals are heavier than other minerals. This allows geologists to distinguish between them. Scale Graduated Beaker or Cylinder Water Examine each of the minerals.

More information

E- Materials Analysis and sample Arrangement in X-ray

E- Materials Analysis and sample Arrangement in X-ray 21 CONSTRUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIBONN BLACK BOXES ARMIN KIRFEL Mineralogisch-Petrologisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, D-53113 Bonn, Germany Email: kirfel@uni-bonn.de Abstract

More information

THE COMPOSITION OF EARTH: ROCKS AND MINERALS. Keywords: petrology, petrography, mineralogy, rock classification, crust

THE COMPOSITION OF EARTH: ROCKS AND MINERALS. Keywords: petrology, petrography, mineralogy, rock classification, crust THE COMPOSITION OF EARTH: ROCKS AND MINERALS Ruth Siddall University College London, UK Keywords: petrology, petrography, mineralogy, rock classification, crust Contents 1. Introduction 2. Minerals 2.1.

More information

BOWEN'S REACTION SERIES

BOWEN'S REACTION SERIES BOWEN'S REACTION SERIES Purpose John J. Thomas Frequently, people cannot visualize the mineral associations that form the sequences of igneous rocks that you find in the earth's crust and what happens

More information

Name: Rocks & Minerals 1 Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com

Name: Rocks & Minerals 1 Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com Name: Rocks & Minerals 1 KEY CONCEPT #1: What is a mineral? It is a, substance which has a What would be the opposite of this? KEY CONCEPT #2: What causes minerals to have different physical properties?

More information

Exploring Minerals. Targeted Objective: Identify properties of minerals and be able to identify certain minerals using specific tests.

Exploring Minerals. Targeted Objective: Identify properties of minerals and be able to identify certain minerals using specific tests. Exploring Minerals Grade Level: 3-4 Purpose and Goals: This lesson begins by guiding students to the connection between differences in rocks and the presences of minerals in the rocks. The differences

More information

METAMORPHIC ROCKS. Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information

METAMORPHIC ROCKS. Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information METAMORPHIC ROCKS Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information Lesson 1 - Formation of Metamorphic Rocks Lesson 2 - Metamorphic Rock Classification Chart Lesson 3 - Metamorphic

More information

MINERALS IN BATES LIMESTONE, LEWTSTON, MAINE* Llovn W. Frsnon, Bates College, Lewi.ston, Maine. INrnonucrton

MINERALS IN BATES LIMESTONE, LEWTSTON, MAINE* Llovn W. Frsnon, Bates College, Lewi.ston, Maine. INrnonucrton MINERALS IN BATES LIMESTONE, LEWTSTON, MAINE* Llovn W. Frsnon, Bates College, Lewi.ston, Maine. INrnonucrton Location.-The city of Lewiston is located in the southwestern part of Maine, in Androscoggin

More information

Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks

Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks Deposited at the earth s surface by wind, water, glacier ice, or biochemical processes Typically deposited in strata (layers) under cool surface conditions. This is

More information

Contributions to Aquifer. Geology & Geological Engineering

Contributions to Aquifer. Geology & Geological Engineering Modeling the Electron Donor Contributions to Aquifer Denitrification: Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe ND Scott F. F Korom Geology & Geological Engineering Denitrification NO3- NO2- NO N2O N2 Four Requirements (Firestone,

More information

Earth Materials: Intro to rocks & Igneous rocks. The three major categories of rocks Fig 3.1 Understanding Earth

Earth Materials: Intro to rocks & Igneous rocks. The three major categories of rocks Fig 3.1 Understanding Earth Earth Materials: 1 The three major categories of rocks Fig 3.1 Understanding Earth 2 Intro to rocks & Igneous rocks Three main categories of rocks: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic The most common minerals

More information

Investigation 1-Part 1: Investigating Mock Rocks. Geology: the scientific study of Earth s history and structure

Investigation 1-Part 1: Investigating Mock Rocks. Geology: the scientific study of Earth s history and structure Investigation 1-Part 1: Investigating Mock Rocks Geology: the scientific study of Earth s history and structure Geologist: a person who studies the Earth and the materials of which it is made Property:

More information

Rocks & Minerals. Background Information for Teachers

Rocks & Minerals. Background Information for Teachers Rocks & Minerals Background Information for Teachers INTRODUCTION Washington is a state known for its geology. Step outside your school in western Washington, and look at the landscape. On the horizon,

More information

What is a rock? How are rocks classified? What does the texture of a rock reveal about how it was formed?

What is a rock? How are rocks classified? What does the texture of a rock reveal about how it was formed? CHAPTER 4 1 The Rock Cycle SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is a rock? How are rocks classified? What does

More information

Diagnostic features: low hardness (H = 2, scratched by fingernail), planes of cleavage forming rhombic plates.

Diagnostic features: low hardness (H = 2, scratched by fingernail), planes of cleavage forming rhombic plates. Sulfate Gypsum CaSO 4 2 H 2 O Diagnostic features: low hardness (H = 2, scratched by fingernail), planes of cleavage forming rhombic plates. Habit: well-formed crystals are tabular, with a rhombic outline

More information

Chapter 4. Metamorphic Rocks. 4.1 Types of Metamorphism

Chapter 4. Metamorphic Rocks. 4.1 Types of Metamorphism Chapter 4 Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have undergone a change in texture and/or mineralogy due to high temperature or pressure, or through the action of chemical alteration induced

More information

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Sedimentary rocks are formed near or at the surface of the earth.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Sedimentary rocks are formed near or at the surface of the earth. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sedimentary rocks are formed near or at the surface of the earth. They are derived from preexisting source rocks. They are composed by sediments, this is material that has been weathered,

More information

Phyllosilicates (Silicate Sheets)

Phyllosilicates (Silicate Sheets) Phyllosilicates (Silicate Sheets) Many members have a platy or flaky habit with one very prominent cleavage. (Si 2 O 5 ) 2- etrahedral sheet (6-fold) Minerals are generally soft, low specific gravity,

More information

Geology Laboratory: Metamorphic Rocks

Geology Laboratory: Metamorphic Rocks OBJECTIVES Learn to identify metamorphic rocks by structure and mineralogy. Identify major minerals contained within a metamorphic rock. Distinguish between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rocks.

More information

XVI. Science and Technology/Engineering, Grade 5

XVI. Science and Technology/Engineering, Grade 5 XVI. Science and Technology/Engineering, Grade 5 Grade 5 Science and Technology/Engineering Test The spring 2013 grade 5 Science and Technology/Engineering test was based on learning standards in the four

More information

LESSON PLAN FOR ROCKS AND MINERALS. Episode Six 306 Street Science (Earth Science)

LESSON PLAN FOR ROCKS AND MINERALS. Episode Six 306 Street Science (Earth Science) LESSON PLAN FOR ROCKS AND MINERALS Episode Six 306 Street Science (Earth Science) Science lessons come easily if you are along a stream bed or road cut. All around you are examples of sedimentary rocks,

More information

Earth and Space Systems: Grade 4 Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion

Earth and Space Systems: Grade 4 Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion Designation: Ontario Curriculum: Science and Technology Earth and Space Systems: Grade 4 Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion Specific Expectations Addressed: Written by: Andrea Schultz-Allison, Department of

More information

Hydrothermal Solutions and Ore Deposits

Hydrothermal Solutions and Ore Deposits Hydrothermal Solutions and Ore Deposits Physical Chemistry of Minerals and Aqueous Solutions D.M. Sherman, University of Bristol Chalcophiles, Lithophiles, Siderophiles.. Lithophile = oxides, silicates

More information

REDSTONE EXPLORATION SERVICES: FILE NOTE SERIES Note 03. ROCK FORMING MINERALS IN THE FIELD A BASIC INTRODUCTION

REDSTONE EXPLORATION SERVICES: FILE NOTE SERIES Note 03. ROCK FORMING MINERALS IN THE FIELD A BASIC INTRODUCTION 3 REDSTONE EXPLORATION SERVICES: FILE NOTE SERIES Note 03. ROCK FORMING MINERALS IN THE FIELD A BASIC INTRODUCTION January 2013 Compiled by Dr. Mike Mlynarczyk So... It s your first day ever in the field

More information

Metamorphic rocks are rocks changed from one form to another by intense heat, intense pressure, and/or the action of hot fluids.

Metamorphic rocks are rocks changed from one form to another by intense heat, intense pressure, and/or the action of hot fluids. Metamorphic Rocks, Processes, and Resources Metamorphic rocks are rocks changed from one form to another by intense heat, intense pressure, and/or the action of hot fluids. Protolith or parent rock is

More information

Geol 101: Physical Geology Fall 2006 EXAM 1

Geol 101: Physical Geology Fall 2006 EXAM 1 Geol 101: Physical Geology Fall 2006 EXAM 1 Write your name out in full on the scantron form and fill in the corresponding ovals to spell out your name. Also fill in your student ID number in the space

More information

Rocks and Minerals. Reader. Students will

Rocks and Minerals. Reader. Students will Delta Science Reader Rocks and Minerals Delta Science Readers are nonfiction student books that provide science background and support the experiences of hands-on activities. Every Delta Science Reader

More information

7) A clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded to subrounded gravel is called a A) coal. B) shale. C) breccia.

7) A clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded to subrounded gravel is called a A) coal. B) shale. C) breccia. Please read chapters 10 and 5 CHAPTER 5 Sedimentary Rocks 1) Sedimentary rocks A) form by compaction and cementation of loose sediment. B) are widespread on the continents and ocean floor. C) are common

More information

Petrology Lab Thin Sections Distinguishing Features of Minerals

Petrology Lab Thin Sections Distinguishing Features of Minerals Petrology Lab Thin Sections Distinguishing Features of Minerals Lab 1 (ultramafics) Olivine: Usually colorless to pale yellow in thin section, darker colors correspond to higher iron content. Pleochroism

More information

Cluster 4: Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion

Cluster 4: Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion Grade 4 Cluster 4: Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion Overview The study of rocks and minerals introduces students to geology. By examining various rocks and minerals found in the Earth s crust, students learn

More information

14.2 Theory 14.2.1 Compton Scattering and Photo-Electric Absorption

14.2 Theory 14.2.1 Compton Scattering and Photo-Electric Absorption 14. THE LITHO-DENSITY LOG 14.1 Introduction The litho-density log is a new form of the formation density log with added features. It is typified by Schlumberger s Litho-Density Tool (LDT). These tools

More information

MINERALS. Contents INTRODUCTION ROCKS KEY TO ROCKS & MINERALS COLLECTIONS. Key to Rocks & Minerals Collections Page 1 of 6

MINERALS. Contents INTRODUCTION ROCKS KEY TO ROCKS & MINERALS COLLECTIONS. Key to Rocks & Minerals Collections Page 1 of 6 STATE OF MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION KEY TO ROCKS & MINERALS COLLECTIONS Contents by Harry O. Sorensen Reprinted 1968 Lansing, Michigan INTRODUCTION... 1 MINERALS...

More information

Mining Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turcja **

Mining Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turcja ** Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria Rok 33 Zeszyt 4 2009 Savas Özün*, Ümit Atalay*, Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu** INVESTIGATION ON POSSIBILITY OF OPAQUE MINERALS REMOVAL FROM FOID BEARING ROCK 1. Introductıon Feldspathoids

More information

O.Jagoutz. We know from ~ 20.000 borehole measurements that the Earth continuously emits ~ 44TW

O.Jagoutz. We know from ~ 20.000 borehole measurements that the Earth continuously emits ~ 44TW Lecture Notes 12.001 Metamorphic rocks O.Jagoutz Metamorphism Metamorphism describes the changes a rock undergoes with changing P, T and composition (X). For simplistic reasons we will focus here in the

More information

IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY & METAMORPHIC ROCKS

IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY & METAMORPHIC ROCKS IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY & METAMORPHIC ROCKS the appearance of a rock is determined by its mineralogy and its texture (Gefüge) mineralogy relative proportions of the different minerals texture size and shape

More information

Unit 8.3.1 Study Guide: Rocks, Minerals, and the Rock Cycle

Unit 8.3.1 Study Guide: Rocks, Minerals, and the Rock Cycle Name Date Per Unit 8.3.1 Study Guide: Rocks, Minerals, and the Rock Cycle I Can Statements I Can Statements are the learning targets for each unit. By the time you take the test for this unit, you should

More information

Rock Identification. Introduction

Rock Identification. Introduction Introduction Rock Identification In our everyday lives, we often find confusion between the terms rock and mineral. People will sometimes use the terms interchangeably since they are both found in the

More information

Assessment Plan for Geology 101 Lab (Online)

Assessment Plan for Geology 101 Lab (Online) Plan for Geology 101 Lab (Online) John Turbeville, Earth Sciences MiraCosta College Description of course: This is an optional companion laboratory course for Geology 101, which is a survey level class.

More information

Grade 9 Geography - Unit 3 Lesson 3 The Rock Cycle

Grade 9 Geography - Unit 3 Lesson 3 The Rock Cycle Grade 9 Geography - Unit 3 Lesson 3 The Rock Cycle What is the difference between a Rock and a Mineral? Minerals are homogeneous, naturally occurring, inorganic solids. Each mineral has a definite chemical

More information

BASIC GEOLOGY OVERVIEW / PLATE TECTONICS

BASIC GEOLOGY OVERVIEW / PLATE TECTONICS BASIC GEOLOGY OVERVIEW / PLATE TECTONICS I. Minerals A. Mineral - naturally occurring inorganic solid, consisting of atoms combined together as chemical compounds, possessing a definable internal structure.

More information

Minerals Definition, Types, and Identification Forensic Applications

Minerals Definition, Types, and Identification Forensic Applications Minerals Definition, Types, and Identification Forensic Applications Transparent emerald, the green variety of beryl, on calcite matrix Niocalite (blue) in sovite (calcite + apatite). Oka carbonatite complex.

More information

The measuring of the hardness

The measuring of the hardness The measuring of the hardness In the field of mechanics one often meets with the notion of "hardness", and in fact the hardness is a fundamental characteristic to determine whether a certain material is

More information

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks Earth Science Rock Lab. Introduction

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks Earth Science Rock Lab. Introduction Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks Earth Science Rock Lab Introduction A rock is any natural aggregate composed of minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic particles. There are three primary rock

More information

Mechanical Properties and Fracture Analysis of Glass. David Dutt Chromaglass, Inc.

Mechanical Properties and Fracture Analysis of Glass. David Dutt Chromaglass, Inc. Mechanical Properties and Fracture Analysis of Glass David Dutt Chromaglass, Inc. IES ALC Williamsburg 2006 2 IES ALC Williamsburg 2006 3 Outline The Ideal The Practical The Reality IES ALC Williamsburg

More information

TÇ \ÇàxÜä xã ã à{ George Rossman

TÇ \ÇàxÜä xã ã à{ George Rossman TÇ \ÇàxÜä xã ã à{ George Rossman Conducted in 1990 by educator and mineral collector Dr. Robert Weiss, this interview with the Caltech Professor of Mineralogy discusses and reflects upon many interesting

More information

Major Ions in Water. Training module # WQ - 28. New Delhi, September 1999

Major Ions in Water. Training module # WQ - 28. New Delhi, September 1999 World Bank & Government of The Netherlands funded Training module # WQ - 28 Major Ions in Water New Delhi, September 1999 CSMRS Building, 4th Floor, Olof Palme Marg, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 11 00 16 India

More information

Geol 101: Physical Geology Summer 2007 EXAM 1

Geol 101: Physical Geology Summer 2007 EXAM 1 Geol 101: Physical Geology Summer 2007 EXAM 1 Write your name out in full on the scantron form and fill in the corresponding ovals to spell out your name. Also fill in your student ID number in the space

More information

MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE AVERAGE SHALE

MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE AVERAGE SHALE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE AVERAGE SHALE By D. H. YAAtON Department of Geology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem. [Received 7th October, 1961] ABSTRACT Mineralogical compositions have been calculated from

More information

IUCLID 5 COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: IRON ORES, AGGLOMERATES [EINECS NUMBER 265 996 3, CAS NUMBER 65996 65 8] IRON ORE PELLETS

IUCLID 5 COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: IRON ORES, AGGLOMERATES [EINECS NUMBER 265 996 3, CAS NUMBER 65996 65 8] IRON ORE PELLETS IUCLID 5 COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: IRON ORES, AGGLOMERATES [EINECS NUMBER 265 996 3, CAS NUMBER 65996 65 8] IRON ORE PELLETS INTRODUCTION Each REACH registrant is required to file its

More information

APPENDIX B: EXERCISES

APPENDIX B: EXERCISES BUILDING CHEMISTRY LABORATORY SESSIONS APPENDIX B: EXERCISES Molecular mass, the mole, and mass percent Relative atomic and molecular mass Relative atomic mass (A r ) is a constant that expresses the ratio

More information

Earth & Space Science

Earth & Space Science Earth & Space Science evidence An open source text edited by MPS teachers Credits Copyright, Mesa Public Schools, 2013. Revised August 14, 2013. Unless otherwise noted, the contents of this book are licensed

More information

NAME THE POLARIZING LIGHT MICROSCOPE AND FORENSIC SCIENCE. I. Introduction

NAME THE POLARIZING LIGHT MICROSCOPE AND FORENSIC SCIENCE. I. Introduction NAME THE POLARIZING LIGHT MICROSCOPE AND FORENSIC SCIENCE I. Introduction An important principle in forensic science is transference, i.e., when someone comes into contact with another person or object

More information

WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA

WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA For ionic compounds, the chemical formula must be worked out. You will no longer have the list of ions in the exam (like at GCSE). Instead you must learn some and work out others.

More information

Chapter 2. Igneous Rocks

Chapter 2. Igneous Rocks Chapter 2 Igneous Rocks Most students find the definition of a mineral to be rather long and cumbersome. In contrast, the definition of a rock is short and sweet. A rock is any naturally occurring aggregate

More information

Earth Structure, Materials, Systems, and Cycles

Earth Structure, Materials, Systems, and Cycles Page 1 of 19 EENS 3050 Tulane University Natural Disasters Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Earth Structure, Materials, Systems, and Cycles This page last updated on 31-Aug-2016 Objectives Since this course is

More information

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/EARTH SCIENCE

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Albany, New York 3 www.nysed.gov Reference Tables for Physical Setting/EARTH SCIENCE RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE Carbon- Potassium- Uranium-3

More information

Igneous Rocks. Geology 200 Geology for Environmental Scientists

Igneous Rocks. Geology 200 Geology for Environmental Scientists Igneous Rocks Geology 200 Geology for Environmental Scientists Magma Compositions Ultramafic - composition of mantle Mafic - composition of basalt, e.g. oceanic crust. 900-1200 o C, 50% SiO 2 Intermediate

More information

ROCKS GEMS & MINERALS PRECIOUS. A fabulous collection of rocks, gems and minerals, gathered from all over the earth.

ROCKS GEMS & MINERALS PRECIOUS. A fabulous collection of rocks, gems and minerals, gathered from all over the earth. PRECIOUS ROCKS GEMS & MINERALS A fabulous collection of rocks, gems and minerals, gathered from all over the earth. The world s most beautiful rocks, gems and minerals for you to treasure A collection

More information

AN OVERVIEW OF ANDALUSITE IN SOUHERN AFRICA: GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. B W Botha Imerys South Africa

AN OVERVIEW OF ANDALUSITE IN SOUHERN AFRICA: GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. B W Botha Imerys South Africa AN OVERVIEW OF ANDALUSITE IN SOUHERN AFRICA: GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY Imerys South Africa Abstract Andalusite is part of the sillimanite-group minerals, as well as sillimanite and kyanite, which are all

More information

GEOL1010 Hour Exam 1 Sample

GEOL1010 Hour Exam 1 Sample GEOL1010 Hour Exam 1 Sample 1. The inner core of the Earth is composed of a) solid silicate b) liquid silicate magma c) liquid metal d) solid metal e) olivine. 2. The upper mantle of the Earth is composed

More information

Stop 2 hannukainen, kolari. Tero Niiranen Northland Exploration Finland Oy, Rovaniemi, Finland. Pasi Eilu Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland

Stop 2 hannukainen, kolari. Tero Niiranen Northland Exploration Finland Oy, Rovaniemi, Finland. Pasi Eilu Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland Stop 2 hannukainen, kolari Tero Niiranen Northland Exploration Finland Oy, Rovaniemi, Finland Pasi Eilu Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland introduction The Kolari region is in the western part

More information

RO C K H O U N D I N G

RO C K H O U N D I N G RO C K H O U N D I N G IN SEARCH OF EARTH S TREASURES! Ministry of Energy and Mines Geological Survey Branch TABLE OF CONTENTS Questions About Rockhounding...1 What is a Rockhound?...1 Who can be a Rockhound?...1

More information

ES 104: Laboratory # 7 IGNEOUS ROCKS

ES 104: Laboratory # 7 IGNEOUS ROCKS ES 104: Laboratory # 7 IGNEOUS ROCKS Introduction Igneous rocks form from the cooling and crystallization of molten rock material. This can occur below the surface of the earth forming intrusive rocks

More information

Engineering geological assessment of the Obruk dam site (Corum, Turkey)

Engineering geological assessment of the Obruk dam site (Corum, Turkey) Engineering Geology 87 (2006) 141 148 www.elsevier.com/locate/enggeo Engineering geological assessment of the Obruk dam site (Corum, Turkey) A. Kocbay a,, R. Kilic b a General Directorate of State Hydraulic

More information

1 Exploring Earth s Interior

1 Exploring Earth s Interior 1 Exploring Earth s Interior Crust Mantle Outer Core Crust-to-Mantle Inner Core Cross Section From Surface to Center SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Earth Science Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2 Evidence for Continental

More information

Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE

Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer Provide specific and detailed

More information