Yield Comparison of Tomato and Pepper Plants Grown in Two Different Greenhouse Aquaponic Systems

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1 Yield Comparison of Tomato and Pepper Plants Grown in Two Different Greenhouse Aquaponic Systems Matthew Rex Recsetar Extension Aquaculture Specialist UAPB Aquaculture/Fisheries Co-authors Anita M. Kelly Brandon M. Baumhoer John Farrelly

2 Goals and Objectives: Compare plant growth and fruit production of tomato and pepper plants in 2 aquaponic systems and a control hydroponic system in a greenhouse in the fall/winter Document water quality and nutrient levels on a weekly basis Determine optimal parameters for growing cherry tomatoes and jalapeño peppers

3 Systems Gutter System Airlift system

4 Gutter Aquaponic System

5 1,000 L (260 gallon) fish tank

6

7 Gutter System 1,000 L (260 gallon) fish Tank

8 Gutter System Water in fish tank drains from bottom

9 Gutter System Water level Gravity flows up to parabolic screeen Gravity flows

10 Gutter System Parabolic Screen

11 Parabolic Screen Filter 3. Excess water goes to biofilter 2a. Solids collected on screen 1. Water in 2b. Water goes through screen to sump

12 Biofilter Excess water from parabolic screen filter goes through filter sock Parabolic Screen To sump

13 Sump Water from sump pumped through heater/chiller and out to grow beds, fish tank and back to sump

14 Grow beds

15 Airlift Aquaponic System

16 Fish Tank

17 Building Airlift >2m (6.5ft) Air in Directional Valve *Air lifted through 3/4 PVC Drain Valve

18 Water flow *Water Biofilter Grow Bed Air Fish Tank *Air lifted through 3/4 PVC

19 Stand Pipe Bell Siphon

20 Study Jalapeño peppers Cherry tomatoes

21 Acquiring Specimens All seeds germinated in gutter aquaponic system -Expanded Clay media Transplanted after cotyledons fell off and true leaves had appeared

22 Roots Dipped in Biological Fungicide *Wettable powder

23 Originally planted in net pots

24 Switched out of net pots to allow better water flow

25 *Hybrid Striped Bass Fish Stocked

26 Experimental Parameters (Plants) Nutrient solution was added to hydroponic system when nitrate levels below 3ppm 30 minute on/off timers for gutter system grow beds Calcium and agriculture lime added to aquaponic grow beds Plant height, flower and fruit emergence were recorded Cherry tomato plants only allowed to have 3 suckers per plant so pruned twice per week during experiment 60 day experiment

27 Experimental Parameters (Fish) Fish stocked in same ratio as water volume Hybrid striped bass Replaced mortalities as needed (small tank) Fish fed to satiation in aquaponic systems ph monitored daily and adjusted accordingly 7.0 ph was target Ammonia, nitrite and nitrate as well as temperature were measured 2-3 times per week

28 Aquaponics 3 Weeks Hydroponics

29 Aquaponics 3 Weeks Hydroponics Neem Oil

30 Airlift system

31 Water Quality Gutter Aquaponic System Gutter Hydroponic System Airlift Aquaponic System Avg. ph Biofilter Establishment time Highest water Temperature Lowest water Temperature weeks 82 F 54 F ~6.0 N/A 81 F 55 F Weeks 81 F 50 F -Ammonia present in systems at high levels until biofilters established. *Probably took longer because of initially low phs

32 Average Tomato Plant Height Week Gutter Aquaponic System Gutter Hydroponic System Airlift Aquaponic System Gutter Aquaponics Gutter Hydroponics Airlift Aquaponics Survival 100% 92% 90%

33 Average Pepper Plant Height Week Gutter Aquaponic System Gutter Hydroponic System Airlift Aquaponic System Gutter Aquaponics Gutter Hydroponics Airlift Aquaponics Survival 100% 25% 100%

34 Number of Tomatoes per Plant Plant # Gutter Aquaponic System Gutter Hydroponi c System Airlift Aquaponic System Average # per Plant Total # Clusters (3 or more together) Gutter Aquaponics Gutter Hydroponics Airlift Aquaponics

35 Pepper Plants Flowering and Fruiting Gutter Aquaponics Gutter Hydroponics Airlift Aquaponics # Plants Flowered # Plants Fruited Average Weight Jalapeños Harvested Total # Jalapeños Harvested 7.5 g 2.9 g 3.9 g

36 Experimental limitations Too cold for tomatoes to ripen? Roots overwhelmed (clogged) gutter systems Tomato plants too crowded and limited sunlight to pepper plants in airlift system Airlift bell siphon was not reliable and fish died more frequently than in gutter system Plants pretty much died or went dormant at end of experiment Got too cold for fish (and plants)

37 Conclusions Aquaponics systems faired better than hydroponic system Gutter systems are not ideal for tomato plants Clogged roots Crowded out other plants Difficult maintenance Tomato plants needed more room to grow Both aquaponic systems worked well for pepper plants Gutter System had more fish (>nutrient supply) More studies obviously needed!

38 Questions? Acknowledgements Dunn s Fish Farm Malone s Fish Farm David Heikes

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