信 號 與 系 統 Signals and Systems
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1 Spring 2011 信 號 與 系 統 Signals and Systems Chapter SS-8 Communication Systems Feng-Li Lian NTU-EE Feb11 Jun11 Figures and images used in these lecture notes are adopted from Signals & Systems by Alan V. Oppenheim and Alan S. Willsky, 1997
2 Flowchart Introduction (Chap 1) LTI & Convolution (Chap 2) NTUEE-SS8-Comm-2 Bounded/Convergent Periodic Aperiodic FS (Chap 3) CT DT FT CT (Chap 4) DT (Chap 5) Unbounded/Non-convergent LT zt CT DT (Chap 9) (Chap 10) Time-Frequency CT-DT (Chap 6) (Chap 7) Communication Control (Chap 8) (Chap 11) Digital Signal Processing (dsp-8)
3 Introduction NTUEE-SS8-Comm
4 Introduction Modulation & Demodulation: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-4 M:Embedding an information-bearing signal into a second signal D:Extracting the information-bearing signal Methods: > Amplitude Modulation (AM) > Frequency Modulation (FM) Multiplexing & Demultiplexing: Simultaneous transmission of more than one signal with overlapping spectra over the same channel Methods: > Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) > Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)
5 Outline NTUEE-SS8-Comm-5 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation Frequency-Division Multiplexing Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation Amplitude Modulation with a Pulse-Train Carrier Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Discrete-Time Modulation
6 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-6 Signal Frequency Characteristics: 200 4K 100M 300M 40G 300G 2.4G Voice Signals f (Hz) Communication Satellite Microwave Link & Bluetooth
7 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-7 AM with a Complex Exponential Carrier:
8 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-8 AM with a Complex Exponential Carrier:
9 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-9 AM with a Complex Exponential Carrier:
10 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-10 AM with Sinusoidal Carriers:
11 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-11 AM with a Sinusoidal Carrier:
12 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-12 AM with a Sinusoidal Carrier:
13 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-13
14 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation Overlapping of AM with a Sinusoidal Carrier: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-14
15 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-15 Not Synchronized in Phase:
16 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-16 Not Synchronized in Phase:
17 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-17 Asynchronous Demodulation: In audio transmission over a RF channel > w M : Hz > w c /2 : 500kHz 2 MHz
18 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-18 Envelope Detector:
19 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-19 Asynchronous Demodulation:
20 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-20 Asynchronous Demodulation:
21 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-21 Synchronous & Asynchronous Demodulation:
22 Outline NTUEE-SS8-Comm-22 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation Frequency-Division Multiplexing Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation Amplitude Modulation with a Pulse-Train Carrier Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Discrete-Time Modulation
23 Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) FDM Using Sinusoidal AM: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-23
24 Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) Demultiplexing and Demodulation: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-24
25 Allocation of Frequencies in the RF Spectrum NTUEE-SS8-Comm-25
26 Outline NTUEE-SS8-Comm-26 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation Frequency-Division Multiplexing Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation Amplitude Modulation with a Pulse-Train Carrier Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Discrete-Time Modulation
27 Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation SSB Modulation: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-27
28 Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-28 Retain Upper Sidebands Using Ideal Highpass Filter
29 Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-29 Retain Lower Sidebands Using Phase-Shift Network Retain Lower Sidebands Retain Upper Sidebands
30 Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-30
31 Outline NTUEE-SS8-Comm-31 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation Frequency-Division Multiplexing Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation Amplitude Modulation with a Pulse-Train Carrier Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Discrete-Time Modulation
32 Amplitude Modulation with a Pulse-Train Carrier Modulation of a Pulse-Train Carrier: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-32
33 The Impulse-Train Sampling in Chap 7 Impulse-Train Sampling: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-33
34 Amplitude Modulation with a Pulse-Train Carrier Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM): NTUEE-SS8-Comm-34
35 Outline NTUEE-SS8-Comm-35 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation Frequency-Division Multiplexing Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation Amplitude Modulation with a Pulse-Train Carrier Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Discrete-Time Modulation
36 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Pulse-Amplitude Modulated Signals: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-36 TDM-PAM:
37 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Intersymbol Interference in PAM Systems: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-37
38 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-38 Avoiding Intersymbol Interference in PAM Systems:
39 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation General Form of Band-Limited Pulses with Time-Domain Zero-Crossing at kt 1, k Z: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-39 Problem 8.42
40 Modulation and Multiplexing NTUEE-SS8-Comm-40
41 Outline NTUEE-SS8-Comm-41 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation Frequency-Division Multiplexing Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation Amplitude Modulation with a Pulse-Train Carrier Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Discrete-Time Modulation
42 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Frequency Modulation (FM): NTUEE-SS8-Comm-42 The modulating signals is used to control the frequency of a sinusoidal carrier With sinusoidal AM, the peak amplitude of the envelope of the carrier is directly dependent on the amplitude of the modulating signal x(t), which can have a large dynamic range. With FM, the envelope of the carrier is constant An FM transmitter can always operate at peak power and amplitude variations introduced over a transmission channel due to additive disturbances or fading can be eliminated at the receiver FM generally requires greater bandwidth than does sinusoidal AM
43 Amplitude Modulation and Frequency Modulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm
44 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Angle Modulation: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-44 Phase Modulation: Use the modulating signal x(t) to vary the phase c Frequency Modulation: Use the modulating signal x(t) to vary the derivative of the angle
45 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Phase & Frequency Modulation: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-45
46 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Instantaneous Frequency: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-46 If y(t) is truly sinusoidal: Phase Modulation: Frequency Modulation:
47 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Narrowband FM: Frequency Modulation with NTUEE-SS8-Comm-47 Instantaneous Frequency:
48 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Narrowband FM: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-48 Modulation Index for FM: Which m is small narrowband FM
49 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Narrowband FM: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-49 When m is sufficiently small (<< /2)
50 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Narrowband FM: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-50 Approximate spectrum for narrowband FM Narrowband FM AM-Double Sideband/with carrier
51 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Wideband FM: When m is large NTUEE-SS8-Comm-51 Periodic signals with fundamental frequency m
52 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Magnitude of Spectrum of Wideband FM: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-52
53 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Periodic Square-Wave Modulating Signal: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-53
54 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation NTUEE-SS8-Comm-54
55 Outline NTUEE-SS8-Comm-55 Complex Exponential & Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation Frequency-Division Multiplexing Single-Sideband Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation Amplitude Modulation with a Pulse-Train Carrier Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation Discrete-Time Modulation
56 Discrete-Time Modulation DT Sinusoidal AM: NTUEE-SS8-Comm-56
57 Discrete-Time Modulation Transmodulation or Transmultiplexing: TDM to FDM NTUEE-SS8-Comm-57
58 Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals Higher Equivalent Sampling Rate: Up-sampling NTUEE-SS8-Comm-58
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