Fibre influences on tissue quality
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1 Fibre influences on tissue quality by Dr Paul Kibblewhite 2 nd Eucalypt Colloquium Chile May 2005 Contact Details: Ensis Papro Private Bag 3020 Rotorua, NEW ZEALAND paul.kibblewhite@ensisjv.com Phone: Facsimile:
2 Fibre influences on tissue quality Paul Kibblewhite
3 Creping Issues
4 Satisfactory creping Dryer Micro folds Separation Macro fold Creping blade After Hollmark (unpublished)
5 Satisfactory creping Separation of web from dryer surface Macro and micro folds Controlled by Web adhesion to dryer surface Web cohesiveness
6 Unsatisfactory creping After Hollmark (unpublished)
7 Unsatisfactory creping Increased adhesive forces relative to cohesive forces A fine crepe (micro folds) and high density sheet Also Residue build-up on dryer surface
8 Tissue Softness
9 Tissue softness Interactive influences of Pulp-type Fibre-type Furnish mix & Creping process
10 For example Macro folds (high bulk) Bulk softness Micro folds (low bulk) Surface softness
11 Unfortunately Increased web cohesiveness & adhesion to dryer surface Increased micro folds Decreased macro folds Lowered bulk softness Increased surface softness
12 Pulp refining influences on tissue Increase fibre Wetting Collapse Fines Bonding Lowered bulk softness Increased surface softness
13 Development of tissue softness A Compromise between Fibre cohesiveness and adhesion at the webdryer interface, Both influenced by Fibre-type Pulp-type Furnish mix Pulp refining
14 Fibre influences
15 Fibre property interrelationships Width Thickness Wall area Perimeter = 2(width + thickness) Wall area Coarseness Width/thickness Collapse Number 1/(length x wall area)
16 Thick-walled Thin-walled relative to perimeter Collapse Collapse resistance susceptability Less bonding More bonding Bulk Adhesion to dryer Bulk softtness Surface softness d
17 Conventional wood pulps both thick- and thin-walled fibres and everything in-between Also different for different wood species
18 Tissue requirements Bulk Softness Sufficient MD and CD tensile strength Best possible formation Softwood fibre for runnability Hardwood fibre for bulk and softness
19 Furnish mix 1 Softwood and hardwood fibres for tissue
20 Hardwood versus softwood fibres
21 Softwood market-kraft fibre types Northern Radiata pine Southern
22 Softwood market-kraft fibre types Softwood Market Kraft Northern Radiata Pine Southern
23 Radiata pine market-kraft fibre categories NZ High NZ Medium NZ Low NZ Ultralow
24 Radiata pine market-kraft fibre categories Radiata Pine Market Kraft Ultralow Low Medium High
25 Hardwood market-kraft fibre types Eucalypt Acacia Birch / Aspen / Poplar Mixed hardwood
26 Hardwood market-kraft fibre types 95 fibres 59 fibres 52 fibres 53 fibres Eucalypt Birch Aspen Mixed hardwood
27 Eucalypt fibre for Tissue
28 Range of eucalypt market-kraft fibre types Globulus Regnans
29 Eucalypt market-kraft categories Intermediate bulk (A) High bulk (B) Eucalyptus regnans?
30 Eucalypt fibre types
31 Furnish mix 2 Softwood-fibre component
32 Requirements of softwood furnish component Best possible Reinforcement Formation with lowest-possible % softwood
33 Softwood fibre requirements Minimum effective length Low coarseness Maximum fibre number Best possible formation
34 Northern versus radiata pine
35 Fibre length, coarseness and number Length mm Relative coarseness Relative number Northern Ultralow Low Medium High LSD (05%)
36 Fibre length, coarseness and collapse Length mm Relative coarseness Collapse Northern Ultralow Low Medium High LSD (05%)
37 !! No free lunch!! Northern fibre compared to radiata pine fibre Can be of equivalent length Small perimeter Low coarseness High number High collapse resistance (thick walls relative to perimeter) High hemicelluloses Low microfibril angle
38 ?? No matter what?? Northern fibres Small perimeter Low coarseness Thick walled relative to perimeter High numbers Compared to radiata pine
39 For example Softwood fibre for soft tissue? Length mm Relative coarseness Relative number Northern Ultralow
40 For example: Equal lengths Length mm Relative coarseness Relative number Northern Ultralow Northern Low Northern Medium Northern High
41 No free lunch Half coarseness = Double number MD
42 Furnish mix 3 Eucalypt fibre component
43 Requirements of eucalypt furnish component Best possible Bulk Formation Softness
44 Eucalypt fibre requirements Low coarseness High collapse resistance Minimum effective length High fibre number Eucalyptus globulus
45 Eucalypt fibre for tissue New Zealand-grown eucalypt fibre (Laboratory kraft fibre at kappa 20)
46 Length, coarseness and number Length mm Relative coarseness Relative number Globulus Nitens Fastigata Regnans LSD (05%)
47 Fibre number and collapse resistance important for eucalypt tissue component
48 Fibre selection for formation, bulk, softness Tree-age years Relative number Collapse 1. Globulus Nitens Fastigata Regnans LSD (05%)
49 Eucalypt market kraft fibre types Length mm Relative coarseness Relative number Aracruz Baycell Mondi Aracruz LSD (05%)
50 Fibre selection for formation, bulk, softness Relative number Collapse 1. Aracruz Baycell Mondi Aracruz LSD (0.05%)
51 A Reminder Eucalypt fibre component Bulk Bulk softness Softwood fibre component Strength and runnability
52 Furnish processing Eucalypt fibre component Separate and minimal processing to retain bulk Softwood fibre component Separate and sufficient refining for web cohesiveness
53 What does it all mean? One picture can be worth a million words
54 A 50:50 furnish mix Softwood : eucalypt fibre 50 : 50 by weight by number 1 : 9
55 Softwood : Eucalypt mixture 100 : 0 MD 50 : 50
56 Softwood : Eucalypt (50 : 50) MD
57 Softwood : Eucalypt (20 : 80) MD
58 Softwood Eucalypt (20 : 80) (Radiata pine versus Northern) Radiata pine Northern
59 References 1. Kibblewhite, R.P.: New Zealand radiata pine market kraft pulp qualities. PAPRO-New Zealand Brochure, July Kibblewhite, R.P.: Effects of refined softwood/eucalypt pulp mixtures on paper properties. Transactions of the 10th Fundamental Research Symposium "Products of Papermaking", Oxford, September Mansfield, S.D., Kibblewhite, R.P and Riddell M.J.C.: Some softwood market kraft fibre types and their reinforcement potential in softwood/eucalypt pulp mixtures. Paper in process 4. Kibblewhite, R.P. and Evans, R.: Some dimension relationships among wood tracheids, TMP fibres, and kraft and other chemical pulp fibres. Appita 54(3): (2001). 5. Kibblewhite, R.P., Riddell, M.J.C. and Shelbourne, C.J.A.: Kraft fibre property variation among 29 trees of Eucalyptus regnans, and comparison with E. nitens and E. fastigata. NZ Journal Forestry Science 30(3): (2000). 6. Kibblewhite, R.P., Johnson, B.I. and Shelbourne, C.J.A.: Kraft pulp qualities of Eucalyptus nitens, E. globulus and E. maidenii, at ages 8 and 11 years. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 30(3): (2000).
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