Animal Health Trust Bloat Proposal_2012 Cathryn Mellersh
|
|
- Homer Marshall
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Genetic Investigation of Bloat in the Irish Setter Phase A Introduction Gastric dilation (GD) and gastric dilation-volvulus (GDV), commonly referred to as bloat, are life-threatening conditions affecting large and giant-breed dogs [1-3]. During a bloat attack air accumulates in the stomach, putting pressure on the other organs and diaphragm, compressing large veins in the abdomen and preventing blood from returning to the heart. Filled with air, the stomach can easily rotate (volvulus) which pinches off its blood supply causing the stomach to begin to die and the entire blood supply to be disrupted. The condition affects apparently healthy dogs, usually with little warning, and treatment frequently requires surgical intervention to reposition and suture the stomach to prevent it from twisting again (a procedure called gastropexy). It is likely that bloat is a truly complex disease, having both genetic and environmental components. Significance to Canine Health Data from a health survey of purebred dogs, undertaken in 2004 by the Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee [4], indicated that GDV was a cause of morbidity for dogs of 44 breeds and a cause of death in 65 breeds, representing 2.5% of all deaths reported. The four breeds with the highest prevalence were the Grand Bleu de Gascogne (21.4%), the Bloodhound (14.3%), the Otterhound (9.0%) and the Irish Setter (7.2%). In the 2004 Kennel Club health survey 5.3% of Irish Setter deaths reported were due to GDV, accounting for the death of 24 dogs out of the 451 that were reported [2]. Around 1000 Irish Setters are registered with the Kennel Club in the UK each year. If the above figures are Page 1 of 7
2 extrapolated to the whole population then it is expected that around 50 Irish Setters will die each year from GDV in the UK alone. Preliminary Data In 2010, questionnaires were sent to the owners of 2,010 Irish Setters for which the Animal Health Trust (AHT) holds samples of DNA (Mellersh, 2010, unpublished). These samples were originally submitted to the AHT for genetic testing for progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) or canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD), or had been provided for research purposes. Information was reported for 430 individual dogs. Owners were questioned on nine specific health conditions that have been highlighted as being of particular concern to those involved with the Irish Setter breed by the 2004 Health survey described above [4], one of which was GDV. In addition, owners were invited to provide information on any other health conditions seen in their dogs. Where named dogs had died, the possible cause and age of death was requested. The opportunity to indicate that named dogs had experienced no health problems was also provided. At the time of the survey response 251 dogs were no longer alive. GDV was reported to be the cause of death of 12 out of these 251 dogs (4.8%), which is comparable to the figure of 5.3% of Irish Setters that die from GDV reported by the Kennel Club health survey [2]. An additional 26 dogs had survived at least one attack of bloat, meaning 38 out of the 430 dogs (8.8%) included in the survey had been affected by GD or GDV, again a comparable figure to the 7.2% prevalence figure reported previously [2]. This survey was undertaken in collaboration with the Kennel Club and the Irish Setter Association in the UK. Identifying Genetic Risk Factors for Bloat Bloat clearly is a major concern for the Irish setter. Identifying genetic risk factors associated with the occurrence of bloat would be beneficial for two main reasons. Firstly, bloat-associated mutations could form the basis of genetic tests that breeders could use to determine the genotype of individual dogs and plan matings that would produce offspring with minimal risk of developing bloat. Secondly, understanding which genes play a part in increasing an individual dog s risk of bloat might shed Page 2 of 7
3 light on environmental factors or morphological traits that are risk factors for the condition. Earlier in 2011 staff from the Animal Health Trust applied to the American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation (AKC CHF) for funding to undertake an ambitious study to identify both genetic and epidemiological risk factors for bloat. Unfortunately the AKC CHF declined to fund the study, mainly due to the high cost of the proposal. The Animal Health remains committed to investigating the genetic basis of bloat, but considering the overall cost of the study have decided to break the project down into its component phases and seek funding and undertake the individual stages sequentially. The study is, therefore, now being considered in two separate phases: Phase A Data collection and estimation of heritability. Phase B DNA sample collection from bloat cases and controls and genetic analysis. Below are full details and estimated costs for Phase A of the study. Page 3 of 7
4 Phase A - Study design The aim of Phase A is to i) identify Irish setters that have suffered at least one attack of bloat (cases) and dogs that are over the age of 10 yo, have been cared for by the same owner from an early age (<1 yo) and have never suffered an attack of bloat during their life (controls) and ii) to calculate the heritability of bloat. The heritability will provide us with an estimate of how much of an individual dog s risk of bloat is attributable to its genetics (as opposed to environmental factors and random chance), and therefore how easy it will be to identify genetic risk factors for the condition and reduce the prevalence by breeding strategies. If the estimate of heritability is large enough in magnitude and significantly determinable from zero we will proceed to Phase B of the study, which will comprise a genetic investigation. Step 1. An initial, brief correspondence will be distributed to the owners of all Irish Setters registered with the Kennel Club that will be between the ages of 1 12 years old (yo) at the time of questioning. Owners will receive a brief explanation of the study and will be asked if their dogs have ever suffered an attack of bloat. They will also be asked if they are willing to be contacted again, to provide more information about their dogs. It is expected that the owners of approximately 11,000 dogs will receive this initial correspondence, of which approximately 7% or ~770 dogs will have suffered at least one attack of bloat. If we achieve a 25% response rate from owners agreeing to assist with the study, we will identify approximately 190 cases and an equivalent number of controls that are over the age of 10 yo and our study design is based on these numbers. However, because this survey will target a single health condition that Irish Setter breeders and owners are very concerned about we may realize an actual response rate of ~50% which would mean that we would identify >350 cases. As the AHT has realized this level of response in previous targeted breedspecific health surveys we are optimistic that this level of response can be achieved. We could also use this initial correspondence to identify dogs that are affected by additional, potentially inherited conditions, such as megaesophagus. This will not affect the cost of Phase A and will generate data that could be used in future studies. Page 4 of 7
5 Step 2. Animal Health Trust Bloat Proposal_2012 A second correspondence will then be sent to the owners of all the cases and all the controls identified in Stage 1. The second correspondence will contain a brief questionnaire containing simple questions about the bloat attacks their dog has suffered. The owners will also be asked to take a small number of simple body measurements of their dog. Step 3. Once we have identified a sufficient number of cases and controls we will estimate the heritability of bloat. To do this we will use each dog s case/control status and pedigree information provided by the Kennel Club database revealing the relationships between them. We anticipate that a response rate of 33% will provide us with ~250 cases, which should enable us to obtain a moderately accurate heritability estimate. By collecting data about body size and shape it will also be possible to investigate the association, if any, between body shape and risk of bloat. If we obtain an accurate estimate of heritability 0.4 we will proceed to Phase B. A heritability of this size would indicate the risk of an individual dog developing bloat is sufficiently controlled by its genetics (as opposed to its environment) for us to identify genetic risk factors and go on to develop genetic tools to reduce the prevalence of the condition. Phase B. The owners of all the cases and controls will be asked to sample their dog s DNA by taking a simple cheek swab and return it to the AHT. Once these samples have been collected the Animal Health Trust will be very well placed to apply for funding for Phase B of the study, which will be to undertake genetic analysis of the cases and controls to identify genetic risk factors for bloat. The findings from Phase A, and the numbers of cases and controls identified and sampled, will determine the precise details and cost of Phase B so these will not be provided at this stage. Phase A - Budget price per item number Total Page 5 of 7
6 ( ) needed ( ) Step 1 - initial correspondence ,250* 4,125 Step 2-2nd correspondence ** 350 Research assistant: 40% FTE for 6 months*** 3,440 Total 7,915 * It is estimated the ~11,000 KC registered Irish setters between the ages of 1 12yo will be owned by ~8,250 owners, which is the equivalent to 4 dogs per 3 owners. ** The estimate of 700 is based on a 50% response rate, so might, in reality, be lower. *** A research assistant will be required to collate information collected during Step 1, distribute the 2 nd correspondence and collate data collected during Step 2. The heritability will be calculated by Dr. Tom Lewis, who is currently employed by the AHT to work in the Kennel Club Genetics Centre at the AHT, so no additional funding is required for this purpose. Phase A Time Frame Once we have secured sufficient funding to proceed the project will proced along the following time lines: Stage Period from start of Phase A to distribution of intial correspondence Deadline for returning initial correspondence Period from completion of Step 1 until distribution of second correspondence Deadline for returing second correspondence Estimation of heritabiity and data analysis Total Weeks Completion of Step 1 Completion of Step 2 Completion of Step 3 References 1. Ward, M.P., G.J. Patronek, and L.T. Glickman, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, (4): p Page 6 of 7
7 2. Evans, K.M. and V.J. Adams, Journal of Small Animal Practice, (7): p Glickman, L.T., et al., Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, (9): p Adams, V.J., et al., Journal of Small Animal Practice, : p Page 7 of 7
Screening for Progressive Retinal Atrophy in Tibetan Terriers
Screening for Progressive Retinal Atrophy in Tibetan Terriers What is PRA? Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is the name given to a group of conditions that are inherited and result in a progressive loss
More informationHealth screening and the Kennel Club
Information Guide Health screening and the Kennel Club www.thekennelclub.org.uk www.thekennelclub.org.uk For many years we have supported and promoted health schemes and extensive research into inherited
More informationInformation Guide. Breeding for Health. www.thekennelclub.org.uk
Information Guide Breeding for Health www.thekennelclub.org.uk www.thekennelclub.org.uk Breeding for Health Dog breeders today have a number of different considerations to make when choosing which dogs
More informationIrish Wolfhound Pedigree Breed Health Survey
Irish Wolfhound Pedigree Breed Health Survey Forms were received representing 74 living dogs & 32 deceased dogs. Mortality results A total of 32 deaths were reported, representing 0.57% of all deaths reported
More informationReport from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Old English Sheepdogs Warning: The results of this survey
More informationTWO NEW DNA BASED TESTS AVAILABLE FOR THE NSDTR
TWO NEW DNA BASED TESTS AVAILABLE FOR THE NSDTR Written by Danika Bannasch DVM PhD; Professor Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis
More informationReport from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Irish Wolfhounds Warning: The results of this survey
More informationReport from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for the Alaskan Malamute breed Warning: The results of this
More informationPekingese Breed Death Report
Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for the Pekingese breed Warning: The results of this survey
More informationReport from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for French Bulldogs Warning: The results of this survey and
More informationReport from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for British Bulldogs Warning: The results of this survey
More informationPublished on: 07/04/2015 Page 1 of 5
Bladder Stones A DNA test for Hyperunicosuria (HUU) to find the gene which is implicated in the development of URATE stones has been developed which work with Bulldogs and many other breeds including Black
More informationInternationaler Klub für Tibetische Hunderassen e.v.
1 Internationaler Klub für Tibetische Hunderassen e.v. Weltweit ältester Förderverein für die Hunderassen Tibets - gegründet 1967 Mitglied im Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen e.v. und in der Fédération
More informationEvolution (18%) 11 Items Sample Test Prep Questions
Evolution (18%) 11 Items Sample Test Prep Questions Grade 7 (Evolution) 3.a Students know both genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and diversity of organisms. (pg. 109 Science
More informationHealthy puppies come from breeders who:
If you re looking for a new dog, check your local RSPCA or other animal rescue group first. There are many wonderful puppies and dogs out there looking for new homes. But if you can t find the right dog
More informationSeptember 2015. Population analysis of the Retriever (Flat Coated) breed
Population analysis of the Retriever (Flat Coated) breed Genetic analysis of the Kennel Club pedigree records of the UK Retriever (Flat Coated) population has been carried out with the aim of estimating
More informationChesapeake Health Survey Results 2014
No. of dogs Chesapeake Bay Retriever Club Chesapeake Health Survey Results This health survey is the first of a two-part survey of Chesapeake Bay Retrievers in the UK, carried out by the Chesapeake Bay
More informationAn Introduction to Artificial Insemination
A New Way to Your Dream Dog An Introduction to Artificial Insemination Contents of the brochure What does artificial insemination mean?... 4 Advantages of artificial insemination... 5 What does artificial
More informationReport from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Flatcoated Retrievers Warning: The results of this survey
More informationBiology 1406 - Notes for exam 5 - Population genetics Ch 13, 14, 15
Biology 1406 - Notes for exam 5 - Population genetics Ch 13, 14, 15 Species - group of individuals that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring; genetically similar 13.7, 14.2 Population
More informationKennel Club Endorsements
Information Guide Kennel Club Endorsements www.thekennelclub.org.uk www.thekennelclub.org.uk Kennel Club Endorsements Currently the Kennel Club permits the use of two endorsements on registrations Progeny
More informationGene Therapy and Genetic Counseling. Chapter 20
Gene Therapy and Genetic Counseling Chapter 20 What is Gene Therapy? Treating a disease by replacing, manipulating or supplementing a gene The act of changing an individual s DNA sequence to fix a non-functional
More informationPractice Questions 1: Evolution
Practice Questions 1: Evolution 1. Which concept is best illustrated in the flowchart below? A. natural selection B. genetic manipulation C. dynamic equilibrium D. material cycles 2. The diagram below
More informationProstate cancer statistics
Prostate cancer in Australia The following material has been sourced from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Prostate cancer incorporates ICD-10 cancer code C61 (Malignant neoplasm of prostate).
More informationClinical Study Design and Methods Terminology
Home College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University WSU Faculty &Staff Page Page 1 of 5 John Gay, DVM PhD DACVPM AAHP FDIU VCS Clinical Epidemiology & Evidence-Based Medicine Glossary: Clinical
More informationA trait is a variation of a particular character (e.g. color, height). Traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes.
1 Biology Chapter 10 Study Guide Trait A trait is a variation of a particular character (e.g. color, height). Traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes. Genes Genes are located on chromosomes
More informationGENETICS AND INSURANCE: QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF GENETIC INFORMATION
GENETICS AND INSURANCE: QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF GENETIC INFORMATION Angus Macdonald Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics and the Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences Heriot-Watt
More informationFrequently Asked Questions About Ovarian Cancer
Media Contact: Gerri Gomez Howard Cell: 303-748-3933 gerri@gomezhowardgroup.com Frequently Asked Questions About Ovarian Cancer What is ovarian cancer? Ovarian cancer is a cancer that forms in tissues
More informationDogs and More Dogs. NOVA presents the story of dogs and how they evolved into the most diverse mammals on the planet.
Program Overview NOVA presents the story of dogs and how they evolved into the most diverse mammals on the planet. The program: discusses the evolution and remarkable diversity of dogs. notes that there
More informationReport from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Labrador Retrievers Warning: The results of this survey
More informationCOMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS GUIDELINE FOR THE CONDUCT OF POST-MARKETING SURVEILLANCE STUDIES OF VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines and Information Technology EMEA/CVMP/044/99-FINAL COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS GUIDELINE FOR THE CONDUCT
More informationA Hands-On Exercise To Demonstrate Evolution
HOW-TO-DO-IT A Hands-On Exercise To Demonstrate Evolution by Natural Selection & Genetic Drift H ELEN J. YOUNG T RUMAN P. Y OUNG Although students learn (i.e., hear about) the components of evolution by
More information(D) 181-183, 186-187, 190-193 TFYI 187 TPK 190
NEVADA Life Science Content Standards for Grade 8 Life s Structure and Function A From Bacteria to Plants B Animal Diversity C Human Body Systems D OBJECTIVES Content Standard 6.0: Structure and Function
More informationReport from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for the Samoyed breed Warning: The results of this survey
More informationGenetic testing. The difference diagnostics can make. The British In Vitro Diagnostics Association
6 Genetic testing The difference diagnostics can make The British In Vitro Diagnostics Association Genetic INTRODUCTION testing The Department of Health published Our Inheritance, Our Future - Realising
More informationThe Genetics of Breed Color In The American Pit Bull Terrier by Amy Greenwood Burford B.S.
The Genetics of Breed Color In The American Pit Bull Terrier by Amy Greenwood Burford B.S. One of my responsibilities as a member of the staff of the American Dog Breeders Association is to be the color
More informationWorksheet: The theory of natural selection
Worksheet: The theory of natural selection Senior Phase Grade 7-9 Learning area: Natural Science Strand: Life and living Theme: Biodiversity, change and continuity Specific Aim 1: Acquiring knowledge of
More informationHumane Society International. Creating Animal Shelter Guidelines: Selecting Animals for Euthanasia
Humane Society International Creating Animal Shelter Guidelines: Selecting Animals for Euthanasia The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) is frequently asked for recommendations to create guidelines
More informationOkami Study Guide: Chapter 3 1
Okami Study Guide: Chapter 3 1 Chapter in Review 1. Heredity is the tendency of offspring to resemble their parents in various ways. Genes are units of heredity. They are functional strands of DNA grouped
More informationContinuous and discontinuous variation
Continuous and discontinuous variation Variation, the small differences that exist between individuals, can be described as being either discontinuous or continuous. Discontinuous variation This is where
More information1: Motor neurone disease (MND)
1: Motor neurone disease (MND) This section provides basic facts about motor neurone disease (MND) and its diagnosis. The following information is an extracted section from our full guide Living with motor
More informationEstate Planning for Your Pets
Estate Planning for Your Pets Short term planning steps Emergency Caregivers: Identify two individuals who can take care of your pets if you re not available. Caregivers should have keys to your house,
More informationSECOND M.B. AND SECOND VETERINARY M.B. EXAMINATIONS INTRODUCTION TO THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF MEDICINE EXAMINATION. Friday 14 March 2008 9.00-9.
SECOND M.B. AND SECOND VETERINARY M.B. EXAMINATIONS INTRODUCTION TO THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF MEDICINE EXAMINATION Friday 14 March 2008 9.00-9.45 am Attempt all ten questions. For each question, choose the
More informationApplication for Membership
West Highland White Terrier Club of Western Canada Club Westie Application for Membership FEE STRUCTURE Membership Class Please print clearly. Membership Description $ Single Enjoys all club privileges
More informationMonstrous Mutations Lab on the Effect of Random Mutations on Animals Survival Skills
Name: Life Science Date: Period: Change Over Time Natural Selection Monstrous Mutations Lab on the Effect of Random Mutations on Animals Survival Skills Introduction The process of evolution involves changes
More information"Statistical methods are objective methods by which group trends are abstracted from observations on many separate individuals." 1
BASIC STATISTICAL THEORY / 3 CHAPTER ONE BASIC STATISTICAL THEORY "Statistical methods are objective methods by which group trends are abstracted from observations on many separate individuals." 1 Medicine
More informationRegulations for Record Keeping and Identification of Dogs
Regulations for Record Keeping and Identification of Dogs Amended to August 2005 Also Applies to Foundation Stock Service The regulations contained herein have been promulgated by the Board of Directors
More informationChildhood leukemia and EMF
Workshop on Sensitivity of Children to EMF Istanbul, Turkey June 2004 Childhood leukemia and EMF Leeka Kheifets Professor Incidence rate per 100,000 per year 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Age-specific childhood
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Sample Practice problems - chapter 12-1 and 2 proportions for inference - Z Distributions Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide
More informationGENETICS AND HEALTH INSURANCE
GENETICS AND HEALTH INSURANCE Angus Macdonald Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics and the Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh www.maxwell.ac.uk
More informationVIP RECOMMENDED GENETIC AND HEALTH TESTS
VIP RECOMMENDED GENETIC AND HEALTH TESTS FOR STANDARD POODLES In order to obtain a Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) number, the Standard Poodle must have completed testing and be registered with
More informationHeart transplantation
Heart transplantation A patient s guide 1 Heart transplantation Heart transplantation has the potential to significantly improve the length and quality of life for patients with severe heart failure.
More informationBreeding from your dogs
Information Guide Breeding from your dogs www.thekennelclub.org.uk www.thekennelclub.org.uk Introduction Welcome to the incredibly rewarding journey of responsibly breeding from your dog. As any good breeder
More informationBig Data Health Big Health Improvements? Dr Kerry Bailey MBBS BSc MSc MRCGP FFPH Dr Kelly Nock MPhys PhD
Big Data Health Big Health Improvements? Dr Kerry Bailey MBBS BSc MSc MRCGP FFPH Dr Kelly Nock MPhys PhD Epidemiology Infection 2006 Dec;134(6):1167-73. Epub 2006 Apr 20. Risk factors for hospital-acquired
More informationX-Plain Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Vascular Surgery Reference Summary
X-Plain Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Vascular Surgery Reference Summary Ballooning of the aorta, also known as an "abdominal aortic aneurysm," can lead to life threatening bleeding. Doctors may recommend
More informationSolving the Problem of Dog Bites
Solving the Problem of Dog Bites Breed Bans A program to prevent dog bites must be legal, fair and effective. Breed bans are unfair Penalize thousands of good dog owners to penalize a handful of irresponsible
More informationCystic Fibrosis Webquest Sarah Follenweider, The English High School 2009 Summer Research Internship Program
Cystic Fibrosis Webquest Sarah Follenweider, The English High School 2009 Summer Research Internship Program Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited chronic disease that affects the lungs and
More informationEvolution, Natural Selection, and Adaptation
Evolution, Natural Selection, and Adaptation Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. (Theodosius Dobzhansky) Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Voyage of HMS Beagle (1831-1836) Thinking
More informationEthnic Minorities, Refugees and Migrant Communities: physical activity and health
Ethnic Minorities, Refugees and Migrant Communities: physical activity and health July 2007 Introduction This briefing paper was put together by Sporting Equals. Sporting Equals exists to address racial
More informationSummary. 16 1 Genes and Variation. 16 2 Evolution as Genetic Change. Name Class Date
Chapter 16 Summary Evolution of Populations 16 1 Genes and Variation Darwin s original ideas can now be understood in genetic terms. Beginning with variation, we now know that traits are controlled by
More informationCystic Fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis affects various systems in children and young adults, including the following:
Cystic Fibrosis What is cystic fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease characterized by an abnormality in the glands that produce sweat and mucus. It is chronic, progressive, and is usually
More informationBACKGROUND MEDIA INFORMATION Fast facts about liver disease
BACKGROUND MEDIA INFORMATION Fast facts about liver disease Liver, or hepatic, disease comprises a wide range of complex conditions that affect the liver. Liver diseases are extremely costly in terms of
More informationDon t Neuter Your Dog YET Read This Life- Saving Information First!
Don t Neuter Your Dog YET Read This Life- Saving Information First! A very legitimate concern, pet overpopulation, has been the primary driving force behind 30 years of national and local spay/neuter campaigns.
More informationCOURSE SYLLABUS. REQUIRED TEXTS: Gordis, L. Epidemiology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 2000. Available at UCSF Bookstore
CP 156 Winter 2003 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO SCHOOL OF PHARMACY EPIDEMIOLOGY FOR PHARMACISTS COURSE SYLLABUS COORDINATOR: Karen S. Hudmon, Dr.P.H., M.S., R.Ph. Assistant Clinical Professor
More informationCanines and Childhood Cancer
Canines and Childhood Cancer Examining the Effects of Therapy Dogs with Childhood Cancer Patients and their Families Updated Executive Summary I n 2010, American Humane Association and Zoetis (formerly
More informationThe Basics of Drug Resistance:
CONTACT: Lisa Rossi +1-412-641-8940 +1-412- 916-3315 (mobile) rossil@upmc.edu The Basics of Drug Resistance: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS HIV Drug Resistance and ARV-Based Prevention 1. What is drug resistance?
More informationPet insurance guide for dog owners
Information Guide Pet insurance guide for dog owners www.thekennelclub.org.uk Pet insurance guide for dog owners Why is pet insurance important? Just like us, pets will at some point fall ill or have an
More informationHeredity. Sarah crosses a homozygous white flower and a homozygous purple flower. The cross results in all purple flowers.
Heredity 1. Sarah is doing an experiment on pea plants. She is studying the color of the pea plants. Sarah has noticed that many pea plants have purple flowers and many have white flowers. Sarah crosses
More informationAdditional Probability Problems
Additional Probability Problems 1. A survey has shown that 52% of the women in a certain community work outside the home. Of these women, 64% are married, while 86% of the women who do not work outside
More informationIntroductory genetics for veterinary students
Introductory genetics for veterinary students Michel Georges Introduction 1 References Genetics Analysis of Genes and Genomes 7 th edition. Hartl & Jones Molecular Biology of the Cell 5 th edition. Alberts
More informationFeline Coronavirus (FCoV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) VETERINARY GUIDE 10 What is Feline Coronavirus or FCoV? FCoV is a common and contagious virus which is passed in the faeces of cats. It
More informationWelcome to Reaseheath College
Welcome to Reaseheath College Reaseheath College is a leading specialised land based college based in Nantwich, Cheshire. The College has 330 hectares of farms, parklands, lake, woodland and sports facilities,
More informationPureTek Genetics Technical Report February 28, 2016
Utilization of commercial female data in maternal genetic improvement programs D. W. Newcom, 1 BS, MS, PhD; V. Duttlinger, 2 AS; C. Witte, 2 BS; M. Brubaker, 2 BS, MS; S. E. Lawrence, 2 BS, MS; C. Dematawewa,
More informationCover sheet for: SMSFD 2010/1
Cover sheet for: Generated on: 28 June 2016, 09:53:09 AM This cover sheet is provided for information only. It does not form part of the underlying document. 21 April 2010 Original ruling 25 June 2014
More informationComplex Genetic Risk: The Implications for Insurance
Complex Genetic Risk: The Implications for Insurance Angus Macdonald Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh The Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences Indeed, the sociology of risk... is an academic subject
More informationHelen Geeson BSc PGCE. Background
The Genetics of Dachshund Coats and Colours Helen Geeson Sc PGCE ackground Dogs have 39 pairs of Chromosomes (one from each parent). Chromosomes are long chains of genes which are the coded instructions
More informationGrand V Challenge We must improve human health, nutrition and wellness of the U.S. population
Grand V Challenge We must improve human health, nutrition and wellness of the U.S. population 1 Current Health Challenges Large health care costs(estimates range from $2.5 to $3 trillion in 2008 and 2009)
More informationVCA Animal Specialty Group 5610 Kearny Mesa Rd., Suite B San Diego, CA 92111 858-560-8006 www.vcaanimalspecialtygroup.com.
Disk Disease While not limited to small breeds, disc disease is much more prevalent among Dachshunds, Lhasa Apsos, Poodles, Beagles and Pekingese primarily due to genetic factors. These traits result in
More informationAppendices. 2006 Bexar County Community Health Assessment Appendices Appendix A 125
Appendices Appendix A Recent reports suggest that the number of mothers seeking dropped precipitously between 2004 and 2005. Tables 1A and 1B, below, shows information since 1990. The trend has been that
More informationPedigree Dogs Exposed
Health and welfare problems are present in pedigree dog breeds in Australia. These problems arise as a result of deliberate selection for exaggerated physical features or as a result of inherited disease.
More informationEvolution by Natural Selection 1
Evolution by Natural Selection 1 I. Mice Living in a Desert These drawings show how a population of mice on a beach changed over time. 1. Describe how the population of mice is different in figure 3 compared
More informationSaving healthcare costs by implementing new genetic risk tests for early detection of cancer and prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Saving healthcare costs by implementing new genetic risk tests for early detection of cancer and prevention of cardiovascular diseases Jeff Gulcher, MD PhD Chief Scientific Officer and co-founder decode
More informationdetermined if they were worthy of continuing in future generations.
Popular-Sire Syndrome: Keeping watch over health and quality issues in purebreds By Jerold S Bell, DVM, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine (This article originally appeared in the Healthy Dog
More informationCindy Bruzzese, Vermont Ethics Network Members of the Palliative Care and Pain Management Task Force
TO: FROM: House Committee on Human Services Senate Committee on Health and Welfare Cindy Bruzzese, Vermont Ethics Network Members of the Palliative Care and Pain Management Task Force SUBJECT: Annual Report
More informationObjectives. What is undernutrition? What is undernutrition? What does undernutrition look like?
Objectives Basics Jean-Pierre Habicht, MD, PhD Professor Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Types and causes Determinants Consequences Global occurrence and progress Way forward What is
More informationScreenWise. Breast, Cervical, and Hereditary Cancer Screenings OCTOBER 28, 2015
ScreenWise Breast, Cervical, and Hereditary Cancer Screenings OCTOBER 28, 2015 ScreenWise Three programs working together to bring quality screening services to Oregon residents Why we all do this work
More informationPRACTICE PROBLEMS - PEDIGREES AND PROBABILITIES
PRACTICE PROBLEMS - PEDIGREES AND PROBABILITIES 1. Margaret has just learned that she has adult polycystic kidney disease. Her mother also has the disease, as did her maternal grandfather and his younger
More informationin children less than one year old. It is commonly divided into two categories, neonatal
INTRODUCTION Infant Mortality Rate is one of the most important indicators of the general level of health or well being of a given community. It is a measure of the yearly rate of deaths in children less
More informationLESSON 3.5 WORKBOOK. How do cancer cells evolve? Workbook Lesson 3.5
LESSON 3.5 WORKBOOK How do cancer cells evolve? In this unit we have learned how normal cells can be transformed so that they stop behaving as part of a tissue community and become unresponsive to regulation.
More informationHemophilia Care. Will there always be new people in the world with hemophilia? Will hemophilia be treated more effectively and safely in the future?
Future of This chapter provides answers to these questions: Will there always be new people in the world with hemophilia? Will hemophilia be treated more effectively and safely in the future? Will the
More informationBacterial Transformation Post lab Questions:
Bacterial Transformation Post lab Questions: 1. This graph represents typical bacteria growth and death on any culture plate. This trend occurs in both Luria Broth/ agarose and Luria broth/ Agarose/ Ampicillin/Arabinose
More informationQ: Why is there a need for people to join the Be The Match Registry?
Q: Why is there a need for people to join the Be The Match Registry? A: Thousands of patients with blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma, sickle cell and other life-threatening diseases depend on the
More informationAP Biology Essential Knowledge Student Diagnostic
AP Biology Essential Knowledge Student Diagnostic Background The Essential Knowledge statements provided in the AP Biology Curriculum Framework are scientific claims describing phenomenon occurring in
More informationReport from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Cavalier King Charles Spaniels Warning: The results of
More informationBRCA Genes and Inherited Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Patient information leaflet
BRCA Genes and Inherited Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patient information leaflet This booklet has been written for people who have a personal or family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer that could
More information7A The Origin of Modern Genetics
Life Science Chapter 7 Genetics of Organisms 7A The Origin of Modern Genetics Genetics the study of inheritance (the study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of alleles) Heredity: the
More informationPPS UNDERWRITING GUIDE FOR APPLICANTS
PPS UNDERWRITING GUIDE FOR APPLICANTS UNDERWRITING guide 2013 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU SUBMIT YOUR APPLICATION FOR INSURANCE? Once an application is submitted it is put through a number of processes to ensure
More informationDr. Paul Naughton, Teagasc Dr. Sinéad McCarthy, Teagasc Dr. Mary McCarthy, UCC
Healthy s and healthy living: An examination of the relationship between attitudes, food choices and lifestyle behaviours in a representative sample of Irish adults Dr. Paul Naughton, Teagasc Dr. Sinéad
More informationDkIT B.Sc. in Veterinary Nursing
Frequently Asked Questions How many places are on the course? DkIT B.Sc. in Veterinary Nursing 35 in total: 25 Leaving Certificate students, 5 mature students and 5 from FETAC Level 5 and 6 courses are
More informationWater Fluoridation: A briefing on the York University Systematic Review and Subsequent Research Developments
Water Fluoridation: A briefing on the York University Systematic Review and Subsequent Research Developments The York University Systematic Review 1. This systematic review, subsequently referred to as
More information