Grow & Bloom. BIOPROTEC MEDITERRANEA has developed a cold extraction technique to obtain its product using earthworm humus as raw material.

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1 Grow & Bloom BIOPROTEC MEDITERRANEA has developed a cold extraction technique to obtain its product using earthworm humus as raw material. BLACK GOLD acts as a biostimulant in the natural metabolism process of cannabis, increasing specific enzymatic activity and playing an important role in cannabinoid bio-synthesis, especially for THC. The humus used to prepare this product is obtained from the bio-decomposition process of the Annelid Eisenia Foetida, the Californian red earthworm. This oligochaete can feed on any organic material under specific ph, temperature and humidity conditions, although the beneficial processes for the media the worm produces has different results depending on the chemical composition of the feed they process. After two years of studies and field and laboratory tests, BIOPROTEC MEDITERRÁNEA has developed a perfectly balanced diet to optimise the functions this earthworm develops in its cultivation bed. This diet is made up of a selection of certain types of plant and mineral matter as well as the required amounts of the Ascophyllum nodosum species marine algae. Within the three links or nutritional levels of the food chain: Producers (plants), consumers (animals) and decomposers or mineralisers (fungi and bacteria), in the latter, the availability of simple substances released by the decomposition of organic matter is limited. In order for the natural cycle to successfully complete, this availability must be increased and it is at this point where the organisms called disintegrators play their part. The Californian red earthworm acts simultaneously and jointly with bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi to create the earthworm humus. This is how a humus is achieved that acts as a chelating agent for minerals, making their penetration difficult due to leeching in the lower levels of the cultivation soil. The earthworm seeps the chelating liquid loaded with enzymes through the pores on the back of each ring on its body. Bacterial and fungicide functions are attributed to this fluid. In summary, a humus is obtained that contains phyto-stimulant elements (AUX- INS, CYTOKININS AND GIBBERELLINS) and bacteria that are useful at the hair level of plants, which are absent or insufficient when bio-degradable material is decomposed without earthworms. The phyto-hormones that promote stimulation in the synthesis of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants protect the cellular membrane and provide defence against stress, which results in greater production of resins and number of shoots in the FLOWER- ING PHASE. This product also moderates transplant shock by stimulating and anticipating germination and rooting for both seeds and cuttings. It also accelerates growth in general as well as the plant s development, improving vegetal production. After the earthworm s organic matter treatment process and its separation from the humus cultivation bed, as mentioned above, it has a considerable amount of amino acids, which are directly contributed by the mortality rate of the individuals in the earthworm colonies and by the cocoons or eggs of this species that do not hatch. This earthworm meat has proteins with values close to 60%, with less than 10% fats (HDL or good cholesterol ). Ap- 1

2 proximately 20% of the weight is made up of carbon hydrates (sugars). It also has lipo-soluble vitamins A, D and E and B complex from the hydro-soluble vitamins. BLACK GOLD provides natural defences against plant stress by means of hormonal balance, maintaining the production of auxins in the plant itself at both high and low temperatures. The BLACK GOLD components that act as agricultural agents are: Humic matter is a supra-molecular structure of bio-organic molecules of a relatively small size (with a molecular mass of <1000), which self-assembles mainly by means of weak interactions. 1. Total humic extract. 2. Free amino acids. 3. Marine algae extract. Ascophyllum nodosum. 4. Natural phyto-hormones of vegetal origin. 1. TOTAL HUMIC EXTRACT. The THE (Total Humic Extract), humic and fulvic acids notably improve crop soil properties. This contributes to the formation of a complex humic-clay increasing the capacity to retain water and improving the cationic exchange process. Thus the structural makeup of the soil is improved in such aspects as: Formation of aggregates. Water speed and circulation. Roots penetration. Resistance to erosion. Resistance to the formation of surface crust. Aeration. Great capacity for water retention. Provides nutrients to soil micro-organisms, stimulating their activity. Increases the soil s capacity to retain and store mineral nutrients. HUMIC ACID Humic acids are one of the main components of humic substances, which are the main constituents of humus, the organic material in the soil. They contribute to its physico-chemical properties. The humic molecules are associated between themselves in conformations of supra-molecules by means of weak hydro-phobic interactions with alkaline or neutral ph and also by means of hydrogen bridges at low ph. 2. FREE AMINO ACIDS. Black Gold contains 20 different free amino acids that make up 0.1% of the product. This results in exceptional development and vigour in the plant as it acts as a potent bio-stimulator of the general metabolism of plants. The amino acids play an important nutritive role in germination, as well as protein synthesis (enzymes, proteins associated to cellular membranes, etc.) in the formation of associated phyto-hormones, such as auxins, ethylene, cytokinins, polyamines, porphyrin, etc. As well as in the regulation of hydric balance in plants when they are under stress, and as chelating molecules or the cations required for plant development, among other functions. In adverse situations, such as hydric, thermal or saline stress, phyto-pathological problems, light deficiency, pollution, and others, the plant kicks in with a natural resistance phenomena where it has internal self-regulation to distribute amino acids, synthesisers in the root, foliar mass and not to the growing reserve organs, which would be its behaviour under optimal conditions. It provides L-alpha free amino acid support to the plant to avoid stress, thanks to: Contributes to resistance mechanisms by osmotic regulation. Protects and fosters enzyme activity. Delays plant senescence. Increases the formation of amino acids thanks to the addition of pre-cursors. 2

3 3. MARINE ALGAE EXTRACT. Ascophyllum nodosum The marine algae extract, which is rich in bio-active components, promotes early germination and predisposes the plant to improve post-transplant stress, as well as stimulates the bio-chemical processes related to the storage of nutrients, may be applied through irrigation. FUCUS VESICULOSUS (Fucus vesiculosus or sargazo vesiculoso) is an important source of iodine with various active principle properties: Alginic acid, other mucilages: Fucoidan, laminarin and several carotenoids (pro-vitamin factors). It has essential oils and vitamins A, B1, C, E and small amounts of B12; mineral salts including iodine, potassium, bromine, sodium, magnesium, iron, manganese, chlorine, phosphorus, fucose, sulphur and silicon; proteins and lipids. AUXINS Stimulate cellular growth and influence flowering and fruiting. Promote, together with other phyto-hormones, cellular differentiation, and therefore the formation of tissues and organs. Asexual reproduction. Used to induce the formation of roots in non-differentiated callus tissue, whether by stakes or cuttings as well as to stimulate cell division. Fruit attachment. Increases fruit attachment. Fruit growth. In the growth stage by cellular division of the fruits, it may stimulate and increase the final size of the organ. Others. Some additional effects observed with the application of auxins to crops are: Growth of flower parts and simulation of photo-synthate flow. GIBBERELLINE 4. PLANT ORIGIN NATURAL PHYTO-HORMONES. Plant origin natural phyto-hormones that by definition are made up of organics produced by plants that, in small quantities, promote or modify any physiological process and stimulate cell division. Phyto-hormones stimulate cell division and the bio-synthesis of proteins and enzymes. They are also involved in all phases of plant growth, from the formation of roots to the development of shoots, leaves, flower buds, etc. Phyto-hormones are classified as auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, etc. Produced in the apical area, fruits and seeds. Its functions are: Increase cell elongation (at a cellular level). Interrupt the seed latency period, making them germinate. Induce the stalks to sprout. Promote the development of the fruit (flowering). CYTOKININ PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN THE CELL 3

4 Control of the cellular cycle: Cytokinins, together with auxins, control the cellular cycle of plant cells. Specifically, they determine the beginning of a new cycle and control the transition between the phases before mitosis begins. Controls cellular differentiation: Regulates the formation and development of the stalk. METHOD OF USE Soil application VEGETATIVE / GROWTH. FLOWERING 4.5 ml/l 6 ml/l Alternate one watering with Alternate one watering with Black Gold and two with Black Gold and one with water. water. 2 weeks. Until the end of the cycle. Hydroponic application: VÉGÉTATIF / CROISSANCE FLEURAISON. 5 ml/l 7 ml/l From 5 to 10 days. Until the end of the cycle. The time intervals are variable depending on the genetic evolution of the vegetative cycle of each species or variety of plant. From the fifth or sixth week of flowering and until the end of the crop, water only with water in order to clean. Free amino acid % p/p Aspartic Glutamic Serine Glicine Histidine Treonine Arginine Alanine Tirosine Valine Metionine Phenilalanine Isoleucine Leucine Lisine Hidroxiproline Proline Cisteine Tryptophane Cisteinilcisteine Ascophyllum nodosum extract. {% p/p}.0.13 Phyto-hormones [Aux. + Cit. + Gib.] {ppm p/p} 0.26 Electrical conductivity at 25ºC from 1,100 to 1,300 μs/cm optimal for irrigation. 4

5 ANALYTICS - Black Gold Total organic material p/p 7.66% Organic carbon p/p 5.09% Total humic extract p/p 5.51% Humic acids p/p 3.48% Fulvic acids p/p 2.03% Total nitrogen (N) p/p 2.20% N Organic p/p 2.20% Phosphoric anhydride (P2 O5) p/p 3.20% (P2 O5) soluble in water and neutral ammonium citrate p/p 3.20% Potassium oxide (K2O) p/p 5.08% N (total) + P2 O5 (total) + K2O (total) p/p 10.44% Calcium oxide (CaO) ppm p/p Total magnesium (MgO) p/p 0.11% Total iron (Fe) ppm p/p Manganese (Mn) ppm p/p 9.75 Total copper (Cu) ppm p/p Zinc (Zn) ppm p/p 22.5 Total chromium (Cr) ppm p/p 0.08 Nickel (Ni) ppm p/p <0.05 Total boron (B) ppm p/p <5,00 Total molybdenum (Mo) ppm p/p <5,00 ph Density kg/l 1.1 5

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