Centroid: The point of intersection of the three medians of a triangle. Centroid
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1 Vocabulary Words Acute Triangles: A triangle with all acute angles. Examples Angle: A figure formed by two noncollinear rays that have a common endpoint and are not opposite rays. Angle Bisector: A ray whose endpoint is the vertex and is located in the interior of the angle that separates a given angle into two angles with equal measure. 120 Apothem: A segment from the center of a polygon perpendicular to a side of the polygon. Arc: A set of points along a circle defined by a central angle. Area: The number of squares units in a polygonal region needed to cover its surface. Centroid: The point of intersection of the three medians of a triangle. Centroid
2 Circle: The set of all points in a plane that are a given distance from a given point in the plane, called the center of the circle. Circumference: The distance around a circle. Collinear: Three or more points that lie on the same line. A B C Compass: An instrument used to draw circles and arcs of circles. Concave: A polygon such that a point on at least one of its diagonals lies outside the polygon. Concentric Circles: Circles that lies in the same plane, have the same center, and have radii of different lengths. Concurrent: Three or more lines or segments that meet at a common point. Concurrent
3 Cones: A solid figure in which the base is a circle and the lateral surface is a curved surface. Congruent Angles: Angles that have the same degree measure. Congruent Segments: Segments that have the same length. Convex: A polygon with all the diagonals located in the interior of the figure. Coplanar: Three or more points and/or lines that lie on the same plane. Cosine: A trigonometric ratio of the measure of the leg adjacent to the acute angle to the measure of the hypotenuse. Cylinder: A solid figure whose bases are formed by congruent circles in parallel planes and whose lateral surface is curved. Adjacent Hypotenuse Degree: A unit of measure used when measuring angles Degrees
4 Diagonals: A segment joining two nonconsecutive vertices of a polygon. Diameter: A chord of a circle that contains the center of the circle. Dilation: A transformation that alters the size of a figure, but not its shape. Distance Formula: A process in which the length between two known points is found. D = (X 2 X 1 ) 2 + (Y 2 Y 1 ) 2 Equation of a Circle: A process in which the center of the circle and the length of its (X h) 2 + (Y k) 2 = r 2 radius can be determined. Equilateral triangle: A triangle with three congruent sides. Hypotenuse: The side opposite of the right angle. Integers: The set of real numbers which are both negative and positive. Z = (,-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, -4, -5, ) Irrational Numbers: A real number that is a nonterminating and nonrepeating decimal. I = (, - 3, - 2, , 2, π, ) Irregular Figure: Shapes that are not polygons or combination of polygons, but uses combination of polygons to approximate the area.
5 Isosceles Trapezoid: A trapezoid with two congruent legs. Isosceles Triangle: A triangle with two congruent sides. Lateral Area: The sum of the areas of the lateral faces of a solid. Lateral Area Legs of a right triangle: The two sides that form the right angle of the triangle. Leg Leg Line: A basic term that extents indefinitely and have no thickness or width. A B Line Segment: Part of a line containing two endpoints and all points between them L M Line of Symmetry: Each half of a figure is a mirror image of the other half when a line of symmetry is drawn. Linear Equation: An equation whose graph is a straight line. AX + BY = C Linear Pairs: Two angles that are adjacent and whose noncommon sides are opposite rays.
6 Major Arc: A part of the exterior of the circle that measures greater than 180 degrees. Median of Trapezoid: A segment joining the midpoints of the legs of a trapezoid. Median Minor Arc: A part of the exterior of the circle that measures less than 180 degrees. Natural Numbers: The set of real numbers (1, 2, 3 ). These are also called counting numbers. Noncollinear: Points that do not lie on the same line. N = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ) B A C Obtuse Triangle: A triangle with one obtuse angle. Parallel Lines: Two lines that lie in the same plane and do not intersect. l m Parallelogram: A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. Perfect Square: A number multiplied by itself. 3 x 3 = 9 Perimeter: The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon.
7 Perpendicular Bisector: A segment that is perpendicular to another segment and passes through that segment s midpoint. Plane: A flat surface that extents in all directions containing at least three noncollinear points. Points: A basic undefined term of geometry. Points have no size. A Polygon: A geometric figure formed by three or more coplanar segments called sides. Polyhedron: A solid with flat surfaces that are polygonal regions. Precision: The smallest unit of measurement that is being used. Precision = 1/16 Prism: A solid with two parallel faces called bases and the other faces that connect the bases together are called lateral faces. Proportion: An equation of the form a b = c d that states that two ratios are equivalent. 3 9 = 5 15 Protractor: An instrument used to measure angles in degrees.
8 Pyramid: A solid with one face called a base and the other faces called lateral sides connect at a common point called the vertex. Pythagorean Theorem: In a right triangle, the sums of the squares of the measure of the legs are equal to the square of the measure of the hypotenuse. Quadrilateral: A four sided figure with four vertices. A 2 + B 2 = C 2 Radical Expression: An expression that contains a square root. 3 2 Radius: A segment of a circle whose endpoints are the center of the circle and a point on the circle. Ratio: A comparison of two numbers by division. 1 3 Rational Numbers: Any real number that can be expressed in the form a b where a and b are integers and b does not equal 0. Ray: A part of a line that has an endpoint and contains all the points of the lines without end in one direction. Real Numbers: The union of the sets of rational and irrational numbers. All known numbers. Rectangles: A parallelogram with four right angles Q = (, -1, -0.75, -½, 0, ¼, , 1, ) A B R = ALL KNOWN NUMBERS
9 Reflection: The flip of a figure over a line to produce a mirror image. Regular Polygon: A convex polygon that is both equilateral and equiangular. Rhombus: A parallelogram with four congruent sides. Right Triangle: A triangle with one right angle. Rotation: A geometric turn of a figure around a fixed point. Scale Drawing: A drawing that represents something proportionally that is too large or too small to be drawn actual size. Scalene Triangle: A triangle with no congruent sides
10 Semicircle: An arc whose endpoints lie on a diameter of a circle. The arc is equal to 180 degrees. Sine: A trigonometric ratio of the measure of the leg opposite to the acute angle to the measure of the hypotenuse. Opposite Hypotenuse Slope: The ratio of the rise, or vertical change, to the run, or horizontal change. Rise 3 Run = 5 Slope-Intercept Form: The form of a linear equation written in the form y = mx + b. Y = 3X + 6 Solid Figure: A figure that encloses a part of space. Sphere: The set of all points in space that are a given distance from a given point, called the center. Square: A parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right angles. Square Root: One of two identical factors of a number. 9 = ± 3 Straightedge: Any object that can be used as a guide to a draw straight line. Supplementary Angles: Two angles whose measure has a sum of 180 degrees.
11 Tangent Ratio: A trigonometric ratio of the measure of the leg opposite to the acute angle to the measure of the leg adjacent to the acute angle. Tetrahedron: A triangular pyramid. Opposite Adjacent Tolerance: The error in measurement sometimes referenced in a range. Precision= 1/16 Therefore Tolerance = 1/32 Translation: The slide of a figure from one position to another. Trapezoid: A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides called bases. Trigonometric Ratio: A ratio of the measure of two sides of a right triangle. a c Vertex: The point where two lines or line segments meet. b Tan A = a, Sin A = a, Cos A = b b c c Vertical Angles: Two nonadjacent angles formed by a pair of intersecting lines. 1 and 3 are vertical angles.
12 Volume: The measurement of the space occupied by a solid region. Whole Numbers: The set of real numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, ). W = (0, 1, 2, 3, ) Y-Intercept: The y value of the point where a line crosses the y-axis. Y-intercept
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