Project design on building resilience to disasters and climate change impacts

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1 Terms of reference Project design on building resilience to disasters and climate change impacts Background: Laos faces frequent medium-scale disasters and chronic shocks, which have significant socio-economic impacts, raising the level of vulnerability of poor women, men and children, smallholders. With around 70% of the Lao population relying on subsistence agriculture for their livelihoods, climate change impacts, such as unpredictable rains and extended dry seasons, have a significant impact on the lives of people across the country. Laos is extraordinarily vulnerable to climate change due to its (i) high socioeconomic dependence on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture and water, and (ii) low adaptive ability associated with widespread poverty and weak technical and institutional capacity. The government of Laos has shown a strong commitment to addressing climate change by ratifying the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1995 and the Kyoto Protocol in It established the National DRR and Climate Change Division under the MONRE s DDMCC. Recently MoNRE ( Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has got a mandate to take specific role of managing, cooperating and coordinating among government departments, UN and INGOs regarding the humanitarian, disaster risk reduction and climate change impact related programs. Oxfam started to invest in the Humanitarian Programme in Laos following the experience with typhoon Ketsana in This relatively big response served as a kind of wake-up call concerning Oxfam s contribution to humanitarian preparedness in the country and our own capacity to respond. In the past Oxfam implemented a seven year LANGOCA ( Lao Australia NGO Cooperation Agreement) project linking DRR, livelihoods, water supply, public health, knowledge building, and advocacy project. Oxfam is implementing DRR Project phase 3 funded by DIPECHO. Oxfam is also the lead of managing a regional AADMER/APG project in Laos. Oxfam is co-funding ( with EU) to a local NGO in Partnership with CARE International for implementing a 4 year climate change adaptation project ( Northern Uplandspromoting Climate Resilience) in the Northern areas of Laos. Oxfam s Livelihood Programme is also integrating disaster risks and taking actions for reducing chronic vulnerabilities in Oxfam s working areas. Oxfam plans to conduct an assessment to understand the current situation of disasters, shocks, climate change impacts and their consequences on the live and livelihood and design a new project proposal. Objectives of the assignment are: 1

2 1) To produce an assessment report on Climate Change impact, disasters and other risks on the lives and livelihoods of the communities in Laos investigating disasters, hazards, chronic shocks, climate change risk, vulnerabilities and community and the national coping capacities. 2) To design a project proposal based on the findings of this assessment report for supporting the women, men and children of the selected provinces in Laos 3) To propose recommendations for Oxfam s country strategy (OCS) paper for providing strategic directions on humanitarian, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation programming in coming years Duration of the assignment: November 2014 to January, 2015 Project design team members: International consultant Team leader Pasouphab Moukdala DRR Programme Officer Tanja van de Linde, Gender Advisor/ Program Coordinator Emma Aguinot, Livelihoods Advisor Anshany Sipasong, Natural Resource Management Programme Officer Provash Mondal, Humanitarian Coordinator Get support from OBE, ONL, OGB and OAU climate change advisors and Program Managers Assessment Provinces: ( to be selected ) Criteria of selecting province: Most affected by disasters and climate change impacts Limited coping mechanism by the communities and the leadership Poor (poverty rate is high) provinces No major projects are implementing in the province by INGOs/UN/bi-lateral donors Limited government support Options for selecting province: Option 1: conduct assessment, design project and integrate DRR/CCA within existing project of Oxfam s working province: Pros: a) We know project activities, areas and partners and it will be easy to integrate DRR/CCA b) We could use our existing funding and raise a small DRR/CCA funding to add with core funding c) Apply One Program approach Limitations: a) There might be limited opportunities of innovation b) Look like repackaging existing activities adding DRR/CCA c) Other provinces of Laos may require supports. We might miss the opportunities. 2

3 Option 2: Conduct assessment and design new project in the new Province Pros: a) There is an opportunity to support one of the poor provinces of Laos which needs more help b) An opportunity for finding innovation c) An opportunity to design a new resilience project taking One Program approach d) An opportunity to share Oxfam s resilience experiences with other projects in different provinces e) Use resilience project experiences for advocacy in country Limitation: a) Finding new partners, new ways of working- would be challenging b) Funding for the project might be a challenge c) Project management mechanism could be complex Expected output- An assessment Report a concept note and project proposal with annexes Roles and responsibility of the consultant of design team and consultant: i) Review secondary data: review key findings of rapid assessments, available secondary data on climate change in the Mekong countries and in Laos. Assessment documents of MoNRE, MOLSW World Bank, ADB, UNDP, Oxfam, CARE, SCI, Red Cross etc. ii) Design data collection methodologies and tools: According to the objectives and needs of the assignment the consultant produces data collection tools, checklist and methodologies. iii) Collect field information: Visit selected province, districts and villages. Meeting with the Province Authority, relevant departments, Disaster Prevention and Control Committee, PoNRE, district authorities, village heads and the community women, men and children, iv) Consultation meetings: meeting with the MoNRE, MoLSW, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Red Cross, ADB, World Bank, INGOs (CARE, SCI), Mass organizations (Women Unions, Lao Red Cross) and selected NPAs. v) Consultation meeting with Oxfam staff and other stakeholders: Following the findings from the field and various departments/ ministries and organizations, consultant facilitates a consultation meeting with Oxfam staff to get their inputs, comments and suggestions. vi) Writing Assessment report, share and finalize: Following the discussions, the lead consultant write an assessment report, share with design team and advisory team members, CD and CLT ( Country Leadership Team) members, get their comments and inputs and finalize the assessment report vii) Develop a concept note: consultant drafts a concept note of the project proposal, shares and receives comments and revises concept note viii) Finalise a project proposal: following the assessment report the consultant drafts a project proposal following an agreed format includes logframe, MEL framework, risk analysis and 3

4 management. Share draft proposal with the advisors and all concerns, get comments and finalyse the project proposal. ANNEX 1: Scope of the Assessment: A) Assess present status and trends : Climatic variables that affect the current situation, Socio-economic scenarios. Examples of ongoing disasters occurred in the past, emergency response and recovery, Current adaptive practices, early warning and emergency preparedness B) Evidences of Climate Changes impacts observed by the communities: Temperature, rainfall C) Current and future climate change impact on natural resources : Land and production, Water & aquatic resources, environmental services, forest etc. D) Climate Change and livelihoods: Agriculture, labour, business formal and informal livelihoods Income and savings, credit/debt - formal, informal, wages, Food security etc. E) Climate change and gender: gender analysis- (different level of impact of climate change and disasters by women and men, different levels of participation and leadership enjoyed by women and men; the different access to and control over resources enjoyed by women and men; the barriers that unequal gender relations present to women s development in this particular community) impact, gender sensitive Disaster risk reduction and climate change activity recommendations (follow Oxfam s gender standards for assessing and designing the project 1 ) F) Shocks, Disaster risks, vulnerabilities and capacities: Disaster, Disaster affected communities, vulnerabilities to disasters, coping capacities, emergency preparedness, and response capacities, disaster risk management G) Underlying causes of vulnerabilities to disasters and climate changes: Policy: Government strategies, polices on livelihoods, disaster risk management, land ownership, land use, environment, forestry and practices of related policy. H) Good practices functioning in these areas I) External support/ institution for potential help or hinder DRR and Climate Change adaptation J) Livelihood strategies reducing Disaster Risk Reduction and adapting Climate Change impacts: Future priorities A) Hazard based approach B) Vulnerability approach C) Adaptive capacity approach D) Policy based approach K) Recommendation for DRR and Climate change adaptation 1 Minimum standards on Gender- Oxfam 4

5 L) Recommended adaptation and DRR integration measures: 1. Natural resources management (NRM) following a Sustainable livelihood : Human, Finance, Physical, Natural, Social 2. Gender, children and other vulnerable groups 3. Adaptation process, approach, tools, methods and technologies 4. Priorities for supporting an integrated approach of adaptation. 5. Integration of adaptation policy and practices 6. Social protection and financial instruments 7. Knowledge management, information management and sharing, 8. Emergency preparedness and response 9. Coping capacities 10. Scientific and technical capacities and innovation 11. Accountability and community participation 12. Others ANNEX 2: Checklist for information sources Scopes/ topics Sources of information Tools 1. Conceptual Frameworks: Adapting to Climate Change and the Risks Associated with Natural Disasters -searching reports in the internet Secondary research -search websites : UN, UNFCCC, Oxfam, Tearfunds, DFID, and climate change related 2. Climate Science and architecture organisation 3. Climate Policy and Politics 4. Climate hazard, climate risks and climate Review past reports predications in Laos Individual interview ( UN, Govt officials, ministries, Group discussion at National workshop Secondary information Evidences of Climate Change impacts observed by the communities Community observation Semi-Structured Interviews, Community Timeline, Seasonal Calendar, Risk Mapping Current and future climate change impact on the natural resources with a reference of Sustainable livelihood framework) Shocks, Disaster risks, vulnerabilities and capacities observation observation workshop Semi-Structured Interviews, Community Timeline, Seasonal Calendar Gender/Vulnerable Group Analysis, Vulnerability Ranking, Risk Mapping Human interest case study Gender/Vulnerable Group Analysis, Vulnerability analysis and 5

6 Ranking, Risk Mapping HVC Analysis, Underlying causes of vulnerabilities to disasters and climate changes observation, perceptions of relevant institutions Good practices functioning in these areas Data collection Livelihood strategies reducing Disaster Risk Reduction and adapting Climate Change workshop impacts: Future vision and priorities External support/ institution for potential help or hinder DRR and Climate Change perceptions of relevant adaptation institutions, observation Venn Diagram, Key Informant Interviews, Resource Mapping, Livelihoods Strategy Ranking. Secondary research, data Collection from PDMC, Red Cross, Semi-strauctural questionnaire Semi-structured Interviews Group discussion, Focus group discussion, compilation Key Informant Interviews, Venn Diagram Support needed for facilitation DRR and Climate change adaptation 8)Framing Climate change adaptation, DRR and development plan- linking district, province and national socioeconomic plan 9) Recommended adaptation and DRR integration measures observation, perceptions of relevant institutions Data collection and compilation observation workshop Semi-Structured Interviews, Key Informant Interviews, Livelihoods Strategy Ranking, Gender/Vulnerable Group Analysis Secondary research, data Collection from PMDC, Red Cross, Semi-strauctural questionnaire Semi-Structured Interviews, Key Informant Interviews, Livelihoods Strategy Ranking, Gender/Vulnerable Group Analysis Annex 3: Work plan for conducting assessment and responsibilities What Major task When Estimate d day Role of International consultant Roles of Oxfam in Laos Preparatory meeting with assessment Oxfam Planning meeting.5 day - Assessment team organise meetings team Review Review documents by 1 day Oxfam s JCAS, project Provide 6

7 Key documents Develop tools/ checklist methodology and Meetings in Vientiane Field visit: Provinces Draft Assessment report, and a concept note share others Facilitate a workshop International consultant Go through existing assessment tools and propose a suitable tools and methodologies Consultation with various stakeholders Visit one provinces- 2 districts and 6 villages The field team write key findings of the visit as per project design guidelines Present key findings () and proposed strategies, objectives and activities proposal, Climate Change related documents, strategies, LNAGOCA project documents, DIPECHO projects and report, UN ADB reports, proposal etc..5 day The lead consultant prepares tools, checklist and methodology 1 day The lead consultant meeting with various resource persons in Vientiane meet WB, MoNRE,, UNDP, 5 days Visit 2 communes and facilitate participatory discussions with Men and women, vulnerable groups to know the current climate vulnerabilities and variability, and recommendations for adaptation measures ( PCVA tools could be used for conducting participatory discussion. Validate our information and proposed activities in the concept note 3 days Write report including scenarios, finding and proposal draft a basic concept note for 3 pages to get comments, 1 Facilitate a workshop with Oxfam staff and other resource person from government, UN and INGOs/NPAs to share findings and get necessary documents to the consultant HC and another team member Assessment team and consultant agree a reporting format 7

8 Finalise report and concept note Draft a logframe and a project proposal Make a second draft of the project proposal and get comments Finalise project proposal Total Based on the comments provide further inputs into the report and concept note Develop a project proposal and logframe, MEL frameworks based on the findings and recommendations Accommodate comments of advisors and experts Accommodate comments of advisors and experts program strategic views 1 day Finalise and submit report 5 days Sharing project proposal for comments 1 day 1 day 20 days 8