LCA of a Dairy Farm Potentials and Challenges in Modelling

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1 LCA of a Dairy Farm Potentials and Challenges in Modelling 17th SETAC Europe LCA Case Studies Symposium Sebastian Gollnow Enno Bahrs University of Hohenheim, Institute of Farm Management (410b), Stuttgart, Germany s.gollnow@uni-hohenheim.de 1

2 Outline Introduction and case study Potentials and challenges Scenario analysis System boundaries Calculation methods Conclusions 2

3 Introduction: GHG emissions of food sector Food sectors contribution to GHG emissions about 20% Dairy cows contribute 1/3 to agricultural emissions Sonstige Other Pflanzen plants 5% 5% Arable Ackerbau crops 20% 20% Other Sonstige Tiere animals 9% 9% GHG emissions agriculture Dairy Milchkühe cows 30% 30% Schweine Pig 15% 15% andere Other cattle Rinder 21% 3 vti (2009)

4 Introduction: Approach of LCA study Data collection on seven farm during a PCF study for a dairy farmers association Additionally model farms based on statistical data where analysed Production was modelled and analysed in the LCA software GaBi 4.4 4

5 Methodical background 5

6 System boundaries Biogas plant manure fertiliser roughages manure old cow plant protection concentrates upbringing of heifers dairy cow 1kg Milk energy mineral feed calves calves 6

7 Potentials of LCA models: Scenario analyses Effect of increasing the milk yield per cow: 1470,7 g -16% 1246,9 g -14% 1069,8 g Increasing the milk yield with adapted feeding can improve carbon footprint 7

8 Potentials of LCA models: Scenario analyses Effect of increasing the milk yield per cow: Effect of increasing number of lactations per cow: 1470,7 g -16% 1521,2 g 1246,9 g -14% -13% 1329,9 g -7% 1235,1 g 1069,8 g Increasing the milk yield with adapted feeding can improve carbon footprint More lactations per cow lead to decreased replacement rate less heifers are needed 8

9 System boundaries Biogas plant manure fertiliser roughages manure old cow plant protection concentrates upbringing of heifers dairy cow 1kg Milk energy mineral feed calves calves 9

10 System boundaries: consideration of on farm energy production Photovoltaic energy Biogas plant manure fertiliser roughages manure old cow plant protection concentrates upbringing of heifers dairy cow 1kg Milk energy mineral feed calves calves 10

11 System boundaries: consideration of on farm energy production Biogas: Manure of 80 cows produces m3 biogas = 77 MWh electric energy Photovoltaic: Farm produces100 MWh electric energy 11

12 Impact on the carbon footprint Assumptions: On farm produced electricity replaces national grid mix Farm gets credits for surplus energy Minus 17% 12

13 Calculation methods: Differences in methods Methane emissions from digestion of the cow contribute about 60 % to carbon footprint of milk To quantify them different regression equations and emission factors are integrated in production model: IPCC and approaches used in the national inventories Other approaches which might be more accurate Which parameters are taken into account? To which results do the approaches come? 13

14 Calculation methods: Differences in methods Four calculation methods were integrated in production model and analysed: Approach Data taken into account by calculation method: 1. IPCC Tier 1 Animal category and emission factor 2. IPCC Tier 2 Gross energy requirement, digestibility and emission factor 3. Giger-Reverdin et al. (2007) Like Tier 2 but emission factor is dependent on fraction of concentrates in feed 4. Kirchgessner (2004) Intake of crude nutrients 14

15 Calculation methods: Differences in methods The different method had a significant effect on the outcome of the carbon footprint: Approach kg CH 4 / Cow / a g CO 2 e / kg Milk 1. IPCC Tier IPCC Tier Giger-Reverdin Kirchgessner

16 Conclusions LCA offers many potentials for environmental management Methodological approaches can have a significant effect on the outcome and comparability of carbon footprints 16

17 Thank you! 17th SETAC Europe LCA Case Studies Symposium Sebastian Gollnow Enno Bahrs University of Hohenheim, Institute of Farm Management (410b), Stuttgart, Germany 17

18 LCA and environmental management The analysed farmers association participates in EMAS Carbon footprint is an important instrument to realise mitigation potentials 18 NAGUS 2010

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