DNA: A Place For Genes or A Place For Information About Jeans? Imagine if one day people could leave behind memories or moments of their life
|
|
- Victor Simon
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Alec Visslailli Research Paper June 23rd 2016 DNA: A Place For Genes or A Place For Information About Jeans? Imagine if one day people could leave behind memories or moments of their life to share with their kids or someone else, leaving behind a world of experiences and knowledge which would have taken the next person years upon years to master. Imagine a billionaire stashing all of his money away in a secret account that was unknown to everyone except himself but he wanted to pass it down to his son when he passed away so he put the account information in his DNA. Storing data in DNA opens up a whole new world. As of now, implanting data onto biological DNA has not been tested or successfully accomplished, but scientists have been successful with implanting data onto synthetic DNA. The cost effective transference and storage of data onto biological DNA as a means of documentation and information retrieval, will be the future of personalized data storage, permitting us to hard wire humankind. According to livescience, Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. These instructions are found inside every cell, and are passed down from parents to their children. In other words, DNA is a very small but vital part of every living being that contains information, or data. It has the ability to hold information and transfer it from one place to another. Last time I checked, a hard drive could do the same exact thing. Now let s look at the definition of data. According to dictionary.com, data is individual
2 facts, statistics, or items of information. It is as simple as it seems: data, which is plural for datum, is information. Just by looking up and learning the definitions of DNA and Data, it seems as though integrating data into DNA is a legitimate possibility because DNA holds information, and data is information. Therefore it is theoretically possible, but now we must look to companies, universities, and scholarly sources who did the research or actually did the experiments and trials of trying to store data in DNA in order to figure out if it is physically possible. In Newsweek's Tech & Science article by Anthony Cuthbertson, DNA Storage Could Make Data Centers Obsolete, the article discusses an operation performed by scientists and engineers at the University of Washington and at Microsoft Research where four images were successfully encoded into synthetic DNA. When just considering that single statement, they made the claim of successfully transferring data from a computer or storage device onto synthetic DNA, which is DNA created in a lab. That means that this technological advancement isn t theoretical anymore. This is real. This sounded great but I stopped myself to ask if they were able to get the images back from the DNA? Only one sentence later, the article said, more significantly, the researchers were able to reverse the process and perfectly retrieve the images without losing a single byte of information. Information was transferred onto DNA and it was retrieved without a single lost byte. But how did it work? It worked by combining a mechanical, technological substance with synthetic DNA, which is almost identical to biological DNA but without the lifeform. DNA contains four bases called nucleotides. These nucleotides are
3 cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine. For our purposes, we can consider them as C, G, A, and T. In terms of data, a lot of data is stored in computers, and other information holding mechanical devices such as a hard drive, in binary form. This form is a sequence of 0s and 1s that create numbers, words, and information. Cuthbertson tells us that the images were encoded as 0s and 1s but were changed to a string of Cs, Gs, As, and Ts, which are the bases that form DNA. For example, the binary code for the images could be but was then converted to AGTGACCTGAT. A DNA molecule that had that specific sequence was then synthesized so the image could be transferred. They claimed that this could work with any digital information, but they used images because images and video tend to take up a lot of space. Another point Cuthbertson makes is that DNA never goes out of style; it will never become obsolete. He compares it to a floppy disk. That technology went out of style when the next kind of disk drive replaced it. On the other hand, DNA can t be replaced in humans; it will always exist and be needed as long as humans exist. So now we know it is possible, but can it be taken further? Can it become useful to a point where large companies would switch over to DNA data storage instead of the typical hard drives and cloud services? Microsoft must have heard this question and decided to take on this challenge. The article by Eliza Strickland, Microsoft Buys Into DNA Data Storage, is about Microsoft taking on the challenge of mass producing in efforts to make sequencing, creating synthetic DNA, cheaper. This article starts off supporting the last point of the previous article. There is proof that DNA never goes out of style. The article states,
4 thanks to 7000 year old DNA from a tooth found in a Spanish cave, for example, we know that the caveman who died there had blue eyes and was probably lactose intolerant. If that isn t proof that DNA data storage is great for long lasting information than I don t know what is. Similar to the case stated by Cuthbertson, Microsoft has invested their time and money into this project and has taken a big group of data that would normally be stored in a hard drive and translated it into a sequence of the four DNA bases. They would then have a biology lab create the specific sequence and send over ten million copies of it, allowing Microsoft to experiment with the transferring as many times as needed. The goal was to test for long term data storage. According to this article, there are many ways to simulate the passing of a millennia, therefore allowing the company to do extensive testing. Microsoft is testing to see how long the data will last and how much they can store. The downside to this form of data storage for now is that it can t be frequently accessed. It can only be rarely accessed because it wears down the DNA with each usage. That is why it is perfect for long term storage. DNA sequencing has become quicker and cheaper over the years so DNA storage is becoming more and more of a viable option, especially for companies such as Microsoft who have money for research. Over the past two decades, the price for sequencing an entire human genome has dropped dramatically from around one million to one thousand dollars today. O Driscoll states in Synthetic DNA that storage devices have drastically dropped prices in the last number of years. O Driscoll sites that a group of researchers ( Goldman N, Bertone P, Chen S, Dessimoz C, LeProust EM, Sipos B) claim that DNA synthesis and
5 sequencing costs are becoming cheaper by 5 to 12 times compared to the other electronic storages. With the cost dropping, there is only one more thing that needs to change. We can try storing more data than just a few pictures. The boundaries of how much data could be stored in DNA was pushed by Microsoft. In the article by Peter Bright, Microsoft Experiments with DNA Storage: 1,000,000,000 TB in a gram, we see exactly that. It states that the data density of DNA is orders of magnitude higher than conventional storage systems, with 1 gram of DNA able to represent close to one billion terabytes (one zettabyte) of data. A way to understand how big one zettabyte actually is, is by converting the name to the number. One zettabyte is roughly 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes. When comparing that to the article by Anthony Cuthbertson, we can see how far Microsoft has pushed the limits. The average image from a mobile phone is 1.7 megabytes, which is roughly 200,000 bytes. They transferred over three photos, averaging about 600,000 bytes of data. After doing some mathematical calculations, Microsoft has advanced what they did in the first article by around 1,600,000,000,000,000%! That is a ton of data. But it doesn t stop there. In O Driscoll s article, he states that DNA has the storage capacity of up to 445 exabytes per gram. Now that cost is getting cheaper and ways have been found to store tons upon tons of data, it means that the commercial viability of synthetic DNA storage is getting closer and closer to becoming reality, just like this article suggests. But as of right now, it is all dealing with synthetic DNA. What about natural DNA, like the DNA in a person s body rather than created in a lab? Will it work? If it
6 does, we would be walking computers and storage devices, half human half machine, like a cyborg. Having human beings walk around as big data banks is a big technological step, and evolutionary. Will having data stored inside of us change the way we act, feel, and or interact? This could relate to two TED talks, Sherry Turkle s Connected, but alone? and Amber Case s We are all cyborgs now. Turkle talks about being connected to all of this social media and information but being separate from other people in person and spirit. If we were to become walking databases, would this become even more of a reality? Would we become cyborgs who just exchange information and communicate through our DNA rather than word of mouth or phone calls. As of right now it is unlikely but it is always a possibility. We would be proving Case s point as well. Through everything we do that extends our biology through technology, we are all cyborgs. Even being connected through time and space with our phones and the internet makes us cyborgs to some degree. The information we share is practically our second selves. Being full of data would only push her theory further. We will not only have and use technology, but we will be physically intertwined with information technology. Information stored within our DNA could eventually be retrieved through apps or scanners just like a debit card. We could be able to dispense information like medical records to emergency care workers or resume credentials to employers with accuracy and ease. These are just some points to think about when it comes to using our DNA as data banks.
7 Before I started this research paper, I didn t know that DNA data storage was even a possibility, let alone an idea that could be realized through lab work. Throughout this paper I have researched and discovered that not only was it possible, but it has been successful. Many companies have learned how to successfully transfer data to and from DNA. Other companies have aided in decreasing the cost of this technology. Others have pushed the limits and capabilities of how much data can be stored. All of these advances together continue to push the standards of our society and technology to new heights. Maybe one day, human beings will become walking Yellow Pages, storing addresses, numbers, accounts, pictures, and so much more in a very tiny biological component that we are filled with. Let s just hope that fears of being consumed by technology won t come true.
8 Works Cited DNA Digital Data Storage. Wikipedia, 5 June Web. 26 June Bright, Peter. "Microsoft Experiments With DNA Storage: 1,000,000,000 TB In a Gram." Arstechnia. N.p., 27 Apr Web. 26 June Rettner, Rachael. DNA: Definition, Structure & Discovery livescience. N.p., 6 June Web. 7 July Strickland, Eliza. "Microsoft Buys Into DNA Storage." IEEE Spectrum. N.p., 27 Apr Web. 26 June Cuthbertson, Anthony. "DNA Storage Could Make Data Centers Obsolete." Newsweek Tech and Science. Newsweek, 15 Apr Web. 26 June O'Driscoll, Aisling. Synthetic DNA, The Next Generation of Big Data Storage. N.p., 20 Mar Web. 26 June "DNA." Dictionary.com Web. 26 June Data. Dictionary.com Web. 26 June 2016 Turkle, Sherry. "Connected, but alone?." TED Talks. Feb Web. 26 June Case, Amber. "We are all cyborgs now." TED Talks. Dec Web. 26 June 2016.
SNP Essentials The same SNP story
HOW SNPS HELP RESEARCHERS FIND THE GENETIC CAUSES OF DISEASE SNP Essentials One of the findings of the Human Genome Project is that the DNA of any two people, all 3.1 billion molecules of it, is more than
More informationHow To Make Internet Available For Free
Is Connectivity A Human Right? For almost ten years, Facebook has been on a mission to make the world more open and connected. For us, that means the entire world not just the richest, most developed countries.
More informationThe Fruit of the Spirit is Love
The Fruit of the Spirit is Love Pre-Session Warm Up (Galatians 5:22-23) Today we are going to learn more about the fruit of the Spirit called, Love. What do you think of when you hear the word love? A
More informationT Cellular Silicon. 1s and 0s
T Cellular Silicon oday it is hard to imagine a world without implanted computers to monitor our health and diagnose our illnesses. But a little over 25 years ago, the face of medicine was drastically
More informationMOST FREQUENTLY ASKED INTERVIEW QUESTIONS. 1. Why don t you tell me about yourself? 2. Why should I hire you?
MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Why don t you tell me about yourself? The interviewer does not want to know your life history! He or she wants you to tell how your background relates to doing
More informationEasy Casino Profits. Congratulations!!
Easy Casino Profits The Easy Way To Beat The Online Casinos Everytime! www.easycasinoprofits.com Disclaimer The authors of this ebook do not promote illegal, underage gambling or gambling to those living
More informationIntro to the Art of Computer Science
1 LESSON NAME: Intro to the Art of Computer Science Lesson time: 45 60 Minutes : Prep time: 15 Minutes Main Goal: Give the class a clear understanding of what computer science is and how it could be helpful
More informationINTRODUCTION. The Seven Rules of. Highly Worried People
INTRODUCTION The Seven Rules of Highly Worried People WORRYING IS SECOND NATURE to you, but imagine that someone who has been raised in the jungle and knows nothing about conventional modern life approached
More informationagucacaaacgcu agugcuaguuua uaugcagucuua
RNA Secondary Structure Prediction: The Co-transcriptional effect on RNA folding agucacaaacgcu agugcuaguuua uaugcagucuua By Conrad Godfrey Abstract RNA secondary structure prediction is an area of bioinformatics
More informationDNA Paper Model Activity Level: Grade 6-8
Karen Mayes DNA Paper Model Activity Level: Grade 6-8 Students will be able to: 1. Identify the component molecules of DNA. 2. Construct a model of the DNA double-helix. 3. Identify which bases are found
More informationTelemarketing Selling Script for Mobile Websites
Telemarketing Selling Script for Mobile Websites INTRODUCTION - - - - - - - To person who answers phone - - - - - - - Record name of company, phone Good Morning (or Good Afternoon) I would like to speak
More informationStudent Essays on NASA Project
Student Essays on NASA Project The trip to Washington D.C. for the Quarterbacks of Life program was enlightening for various reasons; it goes without saying that being able to visit the nation's capital,
More informationWhy Your Business Needs a Website: Ten Reasons. Contact Us: 727.542.3592 Info@intensiveonlinemarketers.com
Why Your Business Needs a Website: Ten Reasons Contact Us: 727.542.3592 Info@intensiveonlinemarketers.com Reason 1: Does Your Competition Have a Website? As the owner of a small business, you understand
More informationCalifornia Treasures High-Frequency Words Scope and Sequence K-3
California Treasures High-Frequency Words Scope and Sequence K-3 Words were selected using the following established frequency lists: (1) Dolch 220 (2) Fry 100 (3) American Heritage Top 150 Words in English
More informationAlgorithms in Computational Biology (236522) spring 2007 Lecture #1
Algorithms in Computational Biology (236522) spring 2007 Lecture #1 Lecturer: Shlomo Moran, Taub 639, tel 4363 Office hours: Tuesday 11:00-12:00/by appointment TA: Ilan Gronau, Taub 700, tel 4894 Office
More informationMicrosoft Office 365 Helps Communication Company Connect Employees
Microsoft Office 365 Helps Communication Company Connect Employees INDUSTRY Media IT PRO Nick McKinney, IT Manager COMPANY Raycom Media EMPLOYEES 4,000+ Employee-owned Raycom Media owns or provides services
More informationJust the Facts: A Basic Introduction to the Science Underlying NCBI Resources
1 of 8 11/7/2004 11:00 AM National Center for Biotechnology Information About NCBI NCBI at a Glance A Science Primer Human Genome Resources Model Organisms Guide Outreach and Education Databases and Tools
More informationBasic Concepts of DNA, Proteins, Genes and Genomes
Basic Concepts of DNA, Proteins, Genes and Genomes Kun-Mao Chao 1,2,3 1 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics 2 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering 3 Graduate
More informationCount the Dots Binary Numbers
Activity 1 Count the Dots Binary Numbers Summary Data in computers is stored and transmitted as a series of zeros and ones. How can we represent words and numbers using just these two symbols? Curriculum
More informationModeling DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis
Skills Practice Lab Modeling DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis OBJECTIVES Construct and analyze a model of DNA. Use a model to simulate the process of replication. Use a model to simulate the process
More informationPlato gives another argument for this claiming, relating to the nature of knowledge, which we will return to in the next section.
Michael Lacewing Plato s theor y of Forms FROM SENSE EXPERIENCE TO THE FORMS In Book V (476f.) of The Republic, Plato argues that all objects we experience through our senses are particular things. We
More informationDevotion NT267 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF: LESSON TITLE: The Second Coming. THEME: Jesus is coming again. SCRIPTURE: Matthew 24:27-31
Devotion NT267 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF: LESSON TITLE: The Second Coming THEME: Jesus is coming again. SCRIPTURE: Matthew 24:27-31 Dear Parents Welcome to Bible Time for Kids. Bible Time for
More informationBrain-in-a-bag: creating an artificial brain
Activity 2 Brain-in-a-bag: creating an artificial brain Age group successfully used with: Abilities assumed: Time: Size of group: 8 adult answering general questions, 20-30 minutes as lecture format, 1
More informationToday you will extract DNA from some of your cells and learn more about DNA. Extracting DNA from Your Cells
DNA Based on and adapted from the Genetic Science Learning Center s How to Extract DNA from Any Living Thing (http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/activities/extraction/) and BioRad s Genes in a bottle
More information1.2 Investigations and Experiments
Science is about figuring out cause and effect relationships. If we do something, what happens? If we make a ramp steeper, how much faster will a car roll down? This is an easy question. However, the process
More informationSignificant Figures, Propagation of Error, Graphs and Graphing
Chapter Two Significant Figures, Propagation of Error, Graphs and Graphing Every measurement has an error associated with it. If you were to put an object on a balance and weight it several times you will
More informationName Class Date. Figure 13 1. 2. Which nucleotide in Figure 13 1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA? a. uracil c. cytosine b. guanine d.
13 Multiple Choice RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter Test A Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following are found in both
More informationReality 2: God Pursues a Continuing Love Relationship with You that is Real and Personal
Reality 2: God Pursues a Continuing Love Relationship with You that is Real and Personal Reality 2: God Pursues a Continuing Love Relationship with You that is Real and Personal Created for a Love Relationship
More informationMAKING AN EVOLUTIONARY TREE
Student manual MAKING AN EVOLUTIONARY TREE THEORY The relationship between different species can be derived from different information sources. The connection between species may turn out by similarities
More informationWriting a Scholarship Essay. Making the essay work for you!
Writing a Scholarship Essay Making the essay work for you! Reasons why students don t write scholarship essays (and lose out on scholarships!) They hate to write. They don t think they will win anyway.
More informationBUYER S GUIDE. The Unified Communications Buyer s Guide: Four Steps to Prepare for the Modern, Mobile Workforce
BUYER S GUIDE The Unified Communications Buyer s Guide: Four Steps to Prepare for the Modern, Mobile Workforce Not all that long ago, the word office had a pretty straightforward meaning. When you heard
More informationCurrency and Exchange Rates
Grade Five Currency and Exchange Rates Overview Students share the book The Story of Money, by Betsy Maestro, to learn about exchange and barter, the functions of money, currency, and spending money. Students
More informationInterview with David Bouthiette [at AMHI 3 times] September 4, 2003. Interviewer: Karen Evans
Interview with David Bouthiette [at AMHI 3 times] September 4, 2003 Interviewer: Karen Evans KE: What we are going to talk about first are your experiences while you were at AMHI, and then we will go on
More informationHow to Simplify Your Life
Life Reference: Matthew 6:24-34 Focus Verse: But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness: and all these things shall be added unto you (Matthew 6:33). Stuff! Wonderful stuff everywhere!
More informationAverage producers can easily increase their production in a larger office with more market share.
The 10 Keys to Successfully Recruiting Experienced Agents by Judy LaDeur Understand whom you are hiring. Don t make the mistake of only wanting the best agents or those from offices above you in market
More informationLab 11. Simulations. The Concept
Lab 11 Simulations In this lab you ll learn how to create simulations to provide approximate answers to probability questions. We ll make use of a particular kind of structure, called a box model, that
More information12.1 The Role of DNA in Heredity
12.1 The Role of DNA in Heredity Only in the last 50 years have scientists understood the role of DNA in heredity. That understanding began with the discovery of DNA s structure. In 1952, Rosalind Franklin
More informationThe first time my triathlon coach saw me swim,
Reaching the Podium: Justin Thomas, CFP How You Can Achieve Your Financial Goals 1 The first time my triathlon coach saw me swim, he wasn t very optimistic. You look like an electrocuted frog, he said.
More informationAnalyzing A DNA Sequence Chromatogram
LESSON 9 HANDOUT Analyzing A DNA Sequence Chromatogram Student Researcher Background: DNA Analysis and FinchTV DNA sequence data can be used to answer many types of questions. Because DNA sequences differ
More informationCAs and Turing Machines. The Basis for Universal Computation
CAs and Turing Machines The Basis for Universal Computation What We Mean By Universal When we claim universal computation we mean that the CA is capable of calculating anything that could possibly be calculated*.
More informationLesson Description. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (Target standards) Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (Prerequisite standards)
Lesson Description This lesson gives students the opportunity to explore the different methods a consumer can pay for goods and services. Students first identify something they want to purchase. They then
More information15 Most Typically Used Interview Questions and Answers
15 Most Typically Used Interview Questions and Answers According to the reports made in thousands of job interviews, done at ninety seven big companies in the United States, we selected the 15 most commonly
More informationHOW TO TOLERATE UNCERTAINTY
HOW TO TOLERATE UNCERTAINTY Dealing with uncertainty is an unavoidable part of daily life. Because we can t see the future, we can never be certain about what exactly is going to happen day to day. Research
More informationSMA Solar Technology AG Solar is Future for Kids. Solar power
Solar power It s almost impossible to imagine life without electricity. But what exactly is electricity and how can the sun s rays be turned into it? You will find the answers to these intriguing questions
More informationFive Reasons Why Most Don t Become Wealthy
Learn the secrets to becoming financially independent. Five Reasons Why Most Don t Become Wealthy Brian Tracy WWW.BRIANTRACY.COM FIVE REASONS WHY MOST DON'T BECOME WEALTHY BRIAN TRACY 1 FIVE REASONS WHY
More informationJohari Window. Lesson Plan
xxx Lesson 12 Johari Window Overview: This optional lesson provides a look into how we view ourselves and how others view us. It is also a model for opening up the lines of communication with others. It
More informationWhat Have I Learned In This Class?
xxx Lesson 26 Learning Skills Review What Have I Learned In This Class? Overview: The Learning Skills review focuses on what a learner has learned during Learning Skills. More importantly this lesson gives
More informationFun for all the Family 3- Quite a few games for articles and determiners
Fun for all the Family 3- Quite a few games for articles and determiners Articles in English is one of those grammar points that are fairly easy to explain the fundamentals of, but even Advanced learners
More informationWhy Disruptive Innovations Matter in Laboratory Diagnostics
Article: S. Nam.. Clin Chem 2015;61:935-937. http://www.clinchem.org/content/61/7/935.extract Guest: Spencer Nam is a Research Fellow specializing in healthcare at the Clayton Christensen Institute for
More informationEp #19: Thought Management
Full Episode Transcript With Your Host Brooke Castillo Welcome to The Life Coach School podcast, where it s all about real clients, real problems and real coaching. And now your host, Master Coach Instructor,
More informationMain Point: God gives each of us gifts and abilities. We should use them to glorify Him.
The Ten Talents Matthew 18:21-35 PPT Title The Ten Talents Main Point: God gives each of us gifts and abilities. We should use them to glorify Him. Key Verse: God s gifts of grace come in many forms. Each
More informationInternational Language Character Code
, pp.161-166 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.81.33 International Language Character Code with DNA Molecules Wei Wang, Zhengxu Zhao, Qian Xu School of Information Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang
More informationLESSON TITLE: Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus
Devotion NT257 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF: LESSON TITLE: Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus THEME: Jesus always has time for us! SCRIPTURE: Mark 10:46-52 Dear Parents Welcome to Bible Time for Kids!
More informationEASY $65 PAYDAY FREE REPORT
Your EASY $65 PAYDAY FREE REPORT By John Smart 2014 Done For You Home Business. All Rights Reserved www.doneforyouhomebusiness.co.uk. Congratulations and get ready to be impressed. First off, this is one
More informationKoko's Kitten/Dr. Francine Patterson/Created by Long Beach District
Unit 5/Week 4 Title: Koko s Kitten Suggested Time: 5 days (45 minutes per day) Common Core ELA Standards: RI.4.1, RI.4.2, RI.4.3, RI.4.4; RF.4.4; W.4.2, W.4.4, W.4.7, W.4.9; SL.4.1; L.4.1, L.4.2, L.4.4
More informationChristopher Seder Affiliate Marketer
This Report Has Been Brought To You By: Christopher Seder Affiliate Marketer TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 3 NOT BUILDING A LIST... 3 POOR CHOICE OF AFFILIATE PROGRAMS... 5 PUTTING TOO MANY OR TOO
More informationHIGH DENSITY DATA STORAGE IN DNA USING AN EFFICIENT MESSAGE ENCODING SCHEME Rahul Vishwakarma 1 and Newsha Amiri 2
HIGH DENSITY DATA STORAGE IN DNA USING AN EFFICIENT MESSAGE ENCODING SCHEME Rahul Vishwakarma 1 and Newsha Amiri 2 1 Tata Consultancy Services, India derahul@ieee.org 2 Bangalore University, India ABSTRACT
More informationUnit 7 Stoichiometry. Chapter 12
Unit 7 Stoichiometry Chapter 12 Objectives 7.1 use stoichiometry to determine the amount of substance in a reaction 7.2 determine the limiting reactant of a reaction 7.3 determine the percent yield of
More information13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis
13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis Introduction: *A specific sequence of bases in DNA carries the directions for forming a polypeptide, a chain of amino acids (there are 20 different types of amino acid).
More informationBackground Biology and Biochemistry Notes A
Background Biology and Biochemistry Notes A Vocabulary dependent variable evidence experiment hypothesis independent variable model observation prediction science scientific investigation scientific law
More informationSpecial Report HOW DOES JOBB WORK?
Special Report HOW DOES JOBB WORK? Every day there are economic news reports that come out from different governments that affect the price of different instruments. For example, the first Friday of every
More informationThinking Skills. Lesson Plan. Introduction
xxx Lesson 18 Thinking Skills Overview: This lesson provides basic foundational information about two types of thinking skills: critical and creative. Students have used critical and creative skills each
More informationOpening Our Hearts, Transforming Our Losses
Preface Alcoholism is a disease of many losses. For those of us who are the relatives and friends of alcoholics, these losses affect many aspects of our lives and remain with us over time, whether or not
More informationTeacher s Guide - Feature Showcase. Forensic Science. Grades: 6-8 Content Area: Science
Teacher s Guide - Feature Showcase Forensic Science Grades: 6-8 Content Area: Science Standards Alignment: McRel Level III; Nature of Science 13 National Standards: NS.5-8.6 Personal and Social Perspectives
More informationIntroduction to Geographical Data Visualization
perceptual edge Introduction to Geographical Data Visualization Stephen Few, Perceptual Edge Visual Business Intelligence Newsletter March/April 2009 The important stories that numbers have to tell often
More informationTerminology and Scripts: what you say will make a difference in your success
Terminology and Scripts: what you say will make a difference in your success Terminology Matters! Here are just three simple terminology suggestions which can help you enhance your ability to make your
More informationOpus: University of Bath Online Publication Store http://opus.bath.ac.uk/
Cope, J. (2013) Data Management Planning Guidance for Postgraduate Researchers. University of Bath, Bath. Link to official URL (if available): Opus: University of Bath Online Publication Store http://opus.bath.ac.uk/
More informationSailing the 7 C s The C of Commitment: Noah
Sailing the 7 C s The C of Commitment: Noah LESSON OVERVIEW Key Point: Go against the flow Obey God. Bible Story: Noah Bible Reference: Genesis 6:9-22 Challenge Verse: For all have sinned and fall short
More informationDo you wish you could attract plenty of clients, so you never have to sell again?
The 9 Secrets to Signing up Clients Without Selling Do you wish you could attract plenty of clients, so you never have to sell again? Imagine having an endless supply of great clients who approach you
More information13 Ways To Increase Conversions
13 Ways To Increase Conversions Right Now Increasing your conversion rates is absolutely crucial. Having a good conversion rate is the foundation of high sales volume. Sometimes just a small tweak can
More informationSTEP 5: Giving Feedback
STEP 5: Giving Feedback Introduction You are now aware of the responsibilities of workplace mentoring, the six step approach to teaching skills, the importance of identifying the point of the lesson, and
More informationThe One Key Thing You Need to Be Successful In Prospecting and In Sales
The One Key Thing You Need to Be Successful In Prospecting and In Sales The secret key to being successful in prospecting and in sales found in this report will work in ANY INDUSTRY for any product or
More informationLESSON TITLE: Jesus Visits Mary and Martha THEME: Jesus wants us to spend time with \ Him. SCRIPTURE: Luke 10:38-42
Devotion NT249 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF: LESSON TITLE: Jesus Visits Mary and Martha THEME: Jesus wants us to spend time with \ Him. SCRIPTURE: Luke 10:38-42 Dear Parents Welcome to Bible Time
More informationCancer Genomics: What Does It Mean for You?
Cancer Genomics: What Does It Mean for You? The Connection Between Cancer and DNA One person dies from cancer each minute in the United States. That s 1,500 deaths each day. As the population ages, this
More information4273?: a novel platform for bioinformatics education
4273?: a novel platform for bioinformatics education Gaining an understanding of bioinformatics is now par for the course when it comes to training undergraduate students in biology. However, facilitating
More informationLESSON TITLE: Jesus is the Way, the Truth, and the Life
Devotion NT271 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF: LESSON TITLE: Jesus is the Way, the Truth, and the Life THEME: We can always trust Jesus. SCRIPTURE: John 14:1-6 Dear Parents Welcome to Bible Time
More informationPrayer Basics. Children
Prayer Basics for Children (Lesson 1) (A children s curriculum resource based on the book Prayer Basics: The Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How of Prayer and brought to you by the National Prayer Center,
More informationMAKING MARTIN LUTHER KING JR S DREAM A REALITY
MAKING MARTIN LUTHER KING JR S DREAM A REALITY Martin Luther King Jr. Essay Contest 12.1.15 By: Camilla Smith As 1963 was not the ending but the beginning of Martin Luther King Jr s legacy, 1992 was the
More informationWHAT MATTERS MOST THE BEST USE OF LIFE IS LOVE
WHAT MATTERS MOST Life is all about love. Because God is love, the most important lesson he wants you to learn on earth is how to love. It is in loving that we are most like him, so love is the foundation
More informationWRITING PROOFS. Christopher Heil Georgia Institute of Technology
WRITING PROOFS Christopher Heil Georgia Institute of Technology A theorem is just a statement of fact A proof of the theorem is a logical explanation of why the theorem is true Many theorems have this
More informationntier Verde: Simply Affordable File Storage No previous storage experience required
ntier Verde: Simply Affordable File Storage No previous storage experience required April 2014 1 Table of Contents Abstract... 3 The Need for Simplicity... 3 Installation... 3 Professional Services...
More informationxxx Lesson 11 1. Comprehend the writing process 2. Respond positively to the writing process
xxx Lesson 11 The Writing Process Overview: This lesson will focus on the writing process and how it relates to communication. Learners will be taught what the writing process is, its parts, and how they
More informationTraining Pack. Kaizen PDCA ( Plan / Do / Check / Act )
Training Pack Kaizen PDCA ( Plan / Do / Check / Act ) Introductions Name Department Current knowledge of Plan Do Check Act Aims & Objectives Target Audience : All! Purpose of Module : To train the delegates
More informationSynthetic Biology: DNA Digital Storage, Computation and the Organic Computer
Synthetic Biology: DNA Digital Storage, Computation and the Organic Computer Alex Widdel University of Minnesota, Morris 1 / 27 Outline Overview of Synthetic Biology 1 Overview of Synthetic Biology 2 3
More informationWhat really drives customer satisfaction during the insurance claims process?
Research report: What really drives customer satisfaction during the insurance claims process? TeleTech research quantifies the importance of acting in customers best interests when customers file a property
More informationUnderstanding World Currencies and Exchange Rates
Understanding World Currencies and Exchange Rates Contents Currencies Exchange Rates Exchange Rate Movements Interpreting Numerical Exchange Rate Movements How Foreign Exchange Markets Work Why Exchange
More informationxxx Lesson 19 how memory works and techniques to improve it, and (2) appreciate the importance of memory skills in education and in his or her life.
xxx Lesson 19 Memory Skills! Overview: This lesson provides a basic look at how our memory works and how it can be improved by using some simple techniques. Objectives: The objective of this lesson is
More informationDNA Replication & Protein Synthesis. This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!!
DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!! The Discovery of DNA s Structure Watson and Crick s discovery of DNA s structure was based on almost fifty years of research by other
More informationEGG DONOR CONTRACTS: CONCERNS OF RECIPIENTS AND CONCERNS OF DONORS
EGG DONOR CONTRACTS: CONCERNS OF RECIPIENTS AND CONCERNS OF DONORS Sanford M. Benardo Founder and President, Northeast Assisted Fertility Group MR. BENARDO: I do not have a PowerPoint presentation for
More informationWhy Your Local Business Needs a Website
Why Your Local Business Needs a Website Let's face it; times have changed and the way people look for new products and services has changed. Think about it when was the last time you picked up a phone
More informationTHE LAWS OF BIBLICAL PROSPERITY (Chapter One)
THE LAWS OF BIBLICAL PROSPERITY (Chapter One) September 2006 MAKE A WAY MINISTRIES Cornerstone Financial Counselors THE LAWS OF BIBLICAL PROSPERITY Chapter One God Wants You to Prosper The purpose of this
More informationSection 1.4 Place Value Systems of Numeration in Other Bases
Section.4 Place Value Systems of Numeration in Other Bases Other Bases The Hindu-Arabic system that is used in most of the world today is a positional value system with a base of ten. The simplest reason
More informationHere are their words to the wise:
8 Dumb Things that Smart People Do When Buying a Home If you re bound and determined to buy a house, here is some advice from recent home buyers, sharing things they wish they had known before they bought.
More informationASA Storage Room Security Town Hall Meeting, 16 February 2008
ASA Storage Room Security Town Hall Meeting, 16 February 2008 Goals discuss security measures, 3 or 4 options that we have put together and get a sense of what the group thinks. Rooms 437 is already a
More informationMaslow s Hierarchy of Needs and Purchasing
Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs and Purchasing Josh Nelson Consumer Behavior Dr. Zimmer 16 April 201 In the world of consumer behavior, it can be difficult to figure out just what drives a particular decision.
More informationOrganelle Speed Dating Game Instructions and answers for teachers
Organelle Speed Dating Game Instructions and answers for teachers These instructions should accompany the OCR resources GCSE (9 1) Combined Science 21 st Century Science B Organelle Speed Dating Game learner
More informationLESSON TITLE: Taming the Tongue. THEME: God wants us to watch what we say. SCRIPTURE: James 3:1-12 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF:
Devotion NT349 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF: LESSON TITLE: Taming the Tongue THEME: God wants us to watch what we say. SCRIPTURE: James 3:1-12 Dear Parents Welcome to Bible Time for Kids! Bible
More information