Music is a fundamental part of my life. As a music major I am often surrounded by
|
|
- Beverley Atkins
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Laura Gallant Spring 2007 Steven Errede Physics 199POM Project: Analyzing Ensembles Music is a fundamental part of my life. As a music major I am often surrounded by music or musical concepts. The sounds of music are in my tests, my lectures, and my practice. Music can easily become commonplace and easy to take for granted. Upon taking the Physics of Music and Instruments course I was excited to have the opportunity to actually see what goes on in the air around me each time I hear a single note. Chamber music is an important aspect of the musical world. For my project I was interested in actually seeing the harmonic structure that we had talked about in Physics 199 lecture 1. I analyzed recordings of two ensembles with which I played this year. I played with a trio made up of oboe, cello and violin and with a quartet of two violins, viola and cello. According to John Backus 2, the first 12 harmonics above the fundamental C2 would sound like this: C2, C3, G3, C4, E4, G4, Bb4, C5, D5, E5, F#5, and G5. This intervallic pattern remains the same with any starting note. In analyzing the two recordings I looked for this pattern. I began by analyzing the trio. I recorded two friends and myself who had played as a trio all semester. I recorded us playing a C; the cello on C3, the violin and oboe on C4. I analyzed the harmonics using the MATLab computer program. The program created a chart of each harmonic I chose, measuring the frequency, phase and amplitude. For the
2 2 purposes of this paper I am looking at the frequency, or the number of vibrational cycles completed in a second. This defines the pitch of the note. I chose the 11 loudest harmonics and as the 12 th harmonic I chose a high pitched, oddly shaped harmonic out of curiosity. (See graph below: arrows mark harmonics chosen.) (MATLab also calls the fundamental pitch a harmonic.) The pattern of harmonics is very similar to Backus pattern from above. In looking at the average frequencies of the harmonics I came up with the following sequence: C3, C4, G4, C5, E5, G5, C6, E6, G6, an unclear harmonic close to A6#, C7, and the oddly shaped harmonic closest to C8.
3 3 The second harmonics of both fundamentals are louder than the rest. Because the bow/bowing of stringed instruments is not linear the second harmonic is generally the loudest harmonic. The C4 has a high amplitude because it is both the second harmonic of C3 and the fundamental played by both the violin and oboe. (See graph below.) C3 C4 G4 C5 E5 G5 C6 E6 G6 A6# C7 C8 The pattern follows that of the pattern described by Backus. The patterns overlap because two patterns are used, one beginning on C3 the other on C4, thus harmonics are shared by both harmonic groups. I was impressed to notice that the pitches that make up the pitch C are the same pitches used in a C Major chord. Perhaps this explains why the particular pitches which make up this chord, C, E and G, sound good together.
4 4 I next analyzed the recording of the quartet. The recording I chose was a recording of a piece my friend Matt wrote for his freshman composition course. The piece is entitled String Quartet in C minor. I chose to analyze only the opening note of the quartet and cut this from the recording. In this opening beat the cello plays a C2 (two octaves below middle C) and a G2, the viola plays a C3 and a G3, the second violin plays a G3 and a G4, and the first violin plays a C4. I analyzed this cut using the MATLab program. Because this recording involves 4 instruments playing several pitches the harmonic structure is more complicated than the harmonic structure of the trio. I decided to analyze 11 harmonics that looked to be major pitches of low frequencies. (See graph below)
5 5 The first pitch I identified was a C3; the C2 is not distinctly present on the analysis. I originally thought that because the cello is playing two notes the performer hit both notes, but rolled to the G2 without holding the C2 for very long. However, I then realized neither the C2 nor the G2 were showing up prominently. Through discussing this situation with Professor Errede 1 I realized an interesting phenomenon was occurring. The typical microphone used for recording would have a frequency response that drops quickly after 100 hertz. Because both C2 and G2 have frequencies under 100 hertz, they would not be easily detected and analyzed on the graph. The two low pitches are possibly represented the tiny peaks before the C3. The next pitch appears to be a G3, then C4, G4, C5, D5, G5, B5, D6, an unusual harmonic closest to F6, and another harmonic not easily fit, which looks closest to F6#. The higher the harmonic, the harder it is to get an accurate analysis. These two notes are included in the graphs of the analysis below, but are difficult to define. When choosing the opening beat of the piece, I had anticipated a pattern similar to that of a C, since C was the lowest note. However, I realized that there are more Gs than Cs in this beat, and three Gs are played as an open string (open strings, or strings played without finger placement, ring out more), while only two Cs are open strings. Thus the Gs are the largest harmonics, and the C harmonics are quieter, as demonstrated in the graph below.
6 6 C3 G3 C4 G4 C5 D5 G5 B5 D6 F6 F6# It is interesting to note that the G4 was the loudest of the harmonics. Two G3s were played, making G4 the second harmonic. That combined with the fact that the fundamental G4 was also played by the second violin makes G4 the loudest pitch. Note again the pronounced second harmonic because of the bow s nonlinearity. It is interesting to note that because both Cs and Gs were played by the instruments there are different sequences of harmonics occurring. I have created a graph, with the help of Professor Errede, and information from Backus book, demonstrating the overlapping qualities of the harmonics. From this chart, one can see how the harmonics are shared by many fundamentals when various instruments play. For the sake of space and because of the complexity involved with higher harmonics, I have given the number of the harmonic in relation to it s fundamental for only the second harmonic. I did not
7 7 include the two highest harmonics because of their odd shape. I also included the cello fundamentals not analyzed by MATLab. C2 (66Hz): Fundamental of cello(a) G2 (100Hz): Fundamental of cello(b) C3 (133Hz): Fundamental of viola(a), second harmonic of cello(a) G3 (200Hz): Fundamental of viola(b) and violin II(a), second harmonic of cello(b), harmonic of cello(a) C4 (263Hz): Fundamental of violin I, second harmonic of viola(a) harmonic of cello(a), G4 (392Hz): Fundamental of violin II(b), second harmonic of violin II(a) and viola(b), harmonic of cello (a) and (b), viola(a) C5 (524Hz): Second harmonic of violin I, harmonic of cello(a), viola(a) D5 (596Hz): Harmonic of cello(a) and (b), viola(b), violin II(a), G5 (780Hz):)Second harmonic of violin II(b), harmonic of cello(a) and (b), viola(a), viola(b), violin II(a), violin I B5 (984Hz): Harmonic of cello(b), viola(b), violin II(a) D6 (1182Hz): Harmonic of cello(a?) and (b), viola(a) and (b), violin II(a) and (b) I was excited to finally see through these analyses what I have been playing for all these years. Learning about the harmonic structure of these pitches gave me a greater appreciation for what happens each time I plunk a note at a piano or play my violin. It has given me greater awareness of why I hear music the way I do, and appreciation for the amazing world in which we live where an aspect I take for granted involves a complicated occurrence of events.
8 8 Resources 1 Errede, Steven. Physics 199: The Physics of Music and Instruments lectures, University of Illinois. Urbana, IL. Spring Backus, John. The Acoustical Foundations of Music. 2 nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton & company, MATLab computer program for String Quartet in C minor score. Special thanks to Natalie and Sarah for volunteering their time to record, Matt for use of his String Quartet in C minor score and recording, and Ryan for his information about cello techniques.
Sound and stringed instruments
Sound and stringed instruments Lecture 14: Sound and strings Reminders/Updates: HW 6 due Monday, 10pm. Exam 2, a week today! 1 Sound so far: Sound is a pressure or density fluctuation carried (usually)
More informationTrigonometric functions and sound
Trigonometric functions and sound The sounds we hear are caused by vibrations that send pressure waves through the air. Our ears respond to these pressure waves and signal the brain about their amplitude
More informationThe Sonometer The Resonant String and Timbre Change after plucking
The Sonometer The Resonant String and Timbre Change after plucking EQUIPMENT Pasco sonometers (pick up 5 from teaching lab) and 5 kits to go with them BK Precision function generators and Tenma oscilloscopes
More informationMathematical Harmonies Mark Petersen
1 Mathematical Harmonies Mark Petersen What is music? When you hear a flutist, a signal is sent from her fingers to your ears. As the flute is played, it vibrates. The vibrations travel through the air
More informationFOURIER TRANSFORM BASED SIMPLE CHORD ANALYSIS. UIUC Physics 193 POM
FOURIER TRANSFORM BASED SIMPLE CHORD ANALYSIS Fanbo Xiang UIUC Physics 193 POM Professor Steven M. Errede Fall 2014 1 Introduction Chords, an essential part of music, have long been analyzed. Different
More informationThe Physics of Guitar Strings
The Physics of Guitar Strings R. R. McNeil 1. Introduction The guitar makes a wonderful device to demonstrate the physics of waves on a stretched string. This is because almost every student has seen a
More informationMusic Theory: Explanation and Basic Principles
Music Theory: Explanation and Basic Principles Musical Scales Musical scales have developed in all cultures throughout the world to provide a basis for music to be played on instruments or sung by the
More informationAP1 Waves. (A) frequency (B) wavelength (C) speed (D) intensity. Answer: (A) and (D) frequency and intensity.
1. A fire truck is moving at a fairly high speed, with its siren emitting sound at a specific pitch. As the fire truck recedes from you which of the following characteristics of the sound wave from the
More informationv = λ f this is the Golden Rule for waves transverse & longitudinal waves Harmonic waves The golden rule for waves Example: wave on a string Review
L 23 Vibrations and Waves [3] resonance clocks pendulum springs harmonic motion mechanical waves sound waves golden rule for waves musical instruments The Doppler effect Doppler radar radar guns Review
More informationSYMPHONY #9 ANTONIN DVORAK
SYMPHONY #9 ANTONIN DVORAK Dvorak s Symphony #9 is one of the most beloved works in the symphonic repertoire. Having had the experience of conducting it many times, I have accumulated a list of ideas,
More informationThe Tuning CD Using Drones to Improve Intonation By Tom Ball
The Tuning CD Using Drones to Improve Intonation By Tom Ball A drone is a sustained tone on a fixed pitch. Practicing while a drone is sounding can help musicians improve intonation through pitch matching,
More information1) The time for one cycle of a periodic process is called the A) wavelength. B) period. C) frequency. D) amplitude.
practice wave test.. Name Use the text to make use of any equations you might need (e.g., to determine the velocity of waves in a given material) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes
More informationTeaching Fourier Analysis and Wave Physics with the Bass Guitar
Teaching Fourier Analysis and Wave Physics with the Bass Guitar Michael Courtney Department of Chemistry and Physics, Western Carolina University Norm Althausen Lorain County Community College This article
More informationMusical Analysis and Synthesis in Matlab
3. James Stewart, Calculus (5th ed.), Brooks/Cole, 2003. 4. TI-83 Graphing Calculator Guidebook, Texas Instruments,1995. Musical Analysis and Synthesis in Matlab Mark R. Petersen (mark.petersen@colorado.edu),
More informationToday, Iʼd like to introduce you to an analytical system that Iʼve designed for microtonal music called Fractional Set Theory.
College Music Society Great Lakes Regional Conference Chicago, IL 2012 1 LECTURE NOTES (to be read in a conversational manner) Today, Iʼd like to introduce you to an analytical system that Iʼve designed
More informationBeautiful Simple Guitar Chord Progressions
Beautiful Simple Guitar Chord Progressions The purpose of beautiful simple guitar chord progressions is to present guitar mechanisms as simply as possible. Using mostly three finger chords beautiful guitar
More informationHow they invented chord patterns for the guitar. J. Chaurette. Dec., 2012
How they invented chord patterns for the guitar J. Chaurette Dec., 2012 The guitar has a very long history; it has evolved over the ages to what it is now. It has achieved its final distinct form in 1770,
More informationTonal Analysis of Different Materials for Trumpet Mouthpieces
Greg Formosa PHYS 199 POM Project Write-up Tonal Analysis of Different Materials for Trumpet Mouthpieces INTRODUCTION: Trumpets have been noted as one of the oldest instruments in the world, and ever since
More informationWaves and Sound. AP Physics B
Waves and Sound AP Physics B What is a wave A WAVE is a vibration or disturbance in space. A MEDIUM is the substance that all SOUND WAVES travel through and need to have in order to move. Two types of
More informationThe CAGED Guitar System
The CAGED Guitar System First of all, let s look at an example below on how to use the CAGED guitar system: 1 The example showed above demonstrates the general idea of how the CAGED system works in a certain
More informationA: zero everywhere. B: positive everywhere. C: negative everywhere. D: depends on position.
A string is clamped at both ends and then plucked so that it vibrates in a standing wave between two extreme positions a and c. (Let upward motion correspond to positive velocities.) When the
More informationTHE ACOUSTICS OF ROOMS
Killam 1 THE ACOUSTICS OF ROOMS Josiah Killam PHYS 193: The Physics of Music Prof. Steven Errede University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Killam 2 For my project for The Physics of Music, I decided to
More informationBass Guitar Investigation. Physics 498, Physics of Music Sean G. Ely Randall Fassbinder
Bass Guitar Investigation Physics 498, Physics of Music Sean G. Ely Randall Fassbinder May 14, 2009 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION...1 2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE...1 2.1 PICKUP LOCATION...1
More informationSTRING AREA HANDBOOK
WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MUSIC STRING AREA HANDBOOK Academic Year 2013 2014 For Applied Strings Violin, Viola, Violoncello, Bass and Guitar Undergraduate Study MUS 204/404; 205/405/; 206/406/;
More informationSTRINGS OF THE ORCHESTRA WORKSHEET
STRINGS OF THE ORCHESTRA WORKSHEET THE VIOLIN The development of the modern violin stems from of instruments available in Europe during the middle Ages. Some historians even suggest that the origins of
More informationAnalysis of an Acoustic Guitar
I. Introduction Analysis of an Acoustic Guitar The acoustic guitar has been a common component in many genres of music for many years. Its versatile, rich tones and popularity with famous artists have
More informationFoundation Course. Study Kit No 1. Away In A Manger
Foundation Course Study Kit No 1 Away In A Manger Reharmonization Study Kit No. 1 Away In A Manger Author: Rosablanca Suen Web: www.learnpianowithrosa.com Email: Rosa@LearnPianoWithRosa.com Cover Design:
More informationEveryone cringes at the words "Music Theory", but this is mainly banjo related and very important to learning how to play.
BLUEGRASS MUSIC THEORY 101 By Sherry Chapman Texasbanjo The Banjo Hangout Introduction Everyone cringes at the words "Music Theory", but this is mainly banjo related and very important to learning how
More informationStudents' guide: Area of study 1 (The Western classical tradition 1650-1910)
Students' guide: Area of study 1 (The Western classical tradition 1650-1910) This resource gives students a breakdown of Haydn's Symphony 101 in D major 'The Clock' movt. 2. It also offers guidance on
More informationWaves-Wave Characteristics
1. What is the wavelength of a 256-hertz sound wave in air at STP? 1. 1.17 10 6 m 2. 1.29 m 3. 0.773 m 4. 8.53 10-7 m 2. The graph below represents the relationship between wavelength and frequency of
More informationM a n u a l O R C H E S T R A L T O O L S. C O M. 2011 by OrchestralTools Schwarzer & Mantik GbR
M a n u a l O R C H E S T R A L T O O L S. C O M 2011 by OrchestralTools Schwarzer & Mantik GbR About Symphonic Sphere (SSP) When dreams transform into possibilities There are some nice orchestrational
More informationThis document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore.
This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore. Title Transcription of polyphonic signals using fast filter bank( Accepted version ) Author(s) Foo, Say Wei;
More informationLever Harp Tunings & Major Keys
Lever Harp Tunings & Major Keys As you probably are aware, the levers on your harp raise the pitch of a given string by one half-step. Unlike the pedal harp, where each string can be played as a flat,
More informationChapter 17: Change of Phase
Chapter 17: Change of Phase Conceptual Physics, 10e (Hewitt) 3) Evaporation is a cooling process and condensation is A) a warming process. B) a cooling process also. C) neither a warming nor cooling process.
More informationTHE DYNAMICS OF VOCAL CHAMBER MUSIC
THE DYNAMICS OF VOCAL CHAMBER MUSIC International Congress of Voice Teachers VIII Brisbane, Australia July 10-14, 2013 Emily Romney emilyromney1@verizon.net emilyromney.com Vocal Chamber Music What is
More informationMaster's Degree Curriculum 2014-2015 Two years of full-time residence are required for master s degree candidates. Students in need of review study
Master's Degree Curriculum 2014-2015 Two years of full-time residence are required for master s degree candidates. Students in need of review study may be required to extend their programs beyond two years.
More informationGet into music. with Havering Music School. Tuition from only 6.50 per week. www.havering.gov.uk. avering Music School
Get into music with Havering Music School Tuition from only 6.50 per week www.havering.gov.uk avering Music School About Us Havering Music School is the preferred provider of instrumental tuition to schools
More informationJOHN A. LOGAN COLLEGE N. Arnett SM 14. MUS 111 A-Z MUS 213 A-Z APPLIED MUSIC 1-2 cr. (0-2, 0-4)
JOHN A. LOGAN COLLEGE N. Arnett SM 14 MUS 111 A-Z MUS 213 A-Z APPLIED MUSIC 1-2 cr. (0-2, 0-4) COURSE DESCRIPTION: Private lessons on any classical instrument are available through John A. Logan College.
More informationChapter 2 How To Cheat A Barre Chord
Chapter 2 How To Cheat A Barre Chord Now that you ve learned a variety of chords in different positions, there are times that we want to eliminate some of the notes. I know, in the previous chapter I explained
More informationLecture 1-6: Noise and Filters
Lecture 1-6: Noise and Filters Overview 1. Periodic and Aperiodic Signals Review: by periodic signals, we mean signals that have a waveform shape that repeats. The time taken for the waveform to repeat
More informationThe Physics of Music: Brass Instruments. James Bernhard
The Physics of Music: Brass Instruments James Bernhard As a first approximation, brass instruments can be modeled as closed cylindrical pipes, where closed means closed at one end, open at the other Here
More informationPractice Test SHM with Answers
Practice Test SHM with Answers MPC 1) If we double the frequency of a system undergoing simple harmonic motion, which of the following statements about that system are true? (There could be more than one
More informationCurriculum Mapping Electronic Music (L) 4202 1-Semester class (18 weeks)
Curriculum Mapping Electronic Music (L) 4202 1-Semester class (18 weeks) Week Standard Skills Resources Vocabulary Assessments Students sing using computer-assisted instruction and assessment software.
More informationWhat Is Sound? 20 minutes. Materials For the teacher. 1 pr. *cymbals, large 1 pr. cymbals, small 1 xylophone *Not provided in kit
Share with Your Students Vocabulary pitch STUDENT RESOURCE 1.1 INFORMATION SHEET how high or low a sound is What Is Sound? 1. Make copies of Student Resource 1.1, Vocabulary, and cut it up to make flashcards.
More informationAntonín Dvořák Life Dates: 1841-1904 Nationality: Czech Period: Late Romantic
Antonín Dvořák Life Dates: 1841-1904 Nationality: Czech Period: Late Romantic I should be glad if something occurred to me as a main idea that occurs to Dvořák only by the way. Johannes Brahms (1833-97)
More informationBasic Music Theory for Junior Cert.
1 Reading Different Clefs Basic Music Theory for Junior Cert. The most commonly used clefs are the treble and bass. The ability to read both of these clefs proficiently is essential for Junior Cert. Music.
More informationThe Physics of Music - Physics 15 University of California, Irvine. Instructor: David Kirkby dkirkby@uci.edu. Lecture 14.
Miscellaneous Office hours this week are Wed 9-10am, 3-4pm. Lecture 14 Percussion Instruments Keyboard Instruments Office hours next week are Wed 2-4pm. There is a typo in 2(b) of Problem Set #6. The length
More informationAdvanced Techniques for the Walkingbass
Advanced Techniques for the Walkingbass I have seen guys with 5 string basses who can t get half the sounds that you are getting out of just three. -Buddy Fo of the Invitations If you have read the Beginners
More informationGUITAR THEORY REVOLUTION. Part 1: How To Learn All The Notes On The Guitar Fretboard
GUITAR THEORY REVOLUTION Part 1: How To Learn All The Notes On The Guitar Fretboard Contents Introduction Lesson 1: Numbering The Guitar Strings Lesson 2: The Notes Lesson 3: The Universal Pattern For
More informationThe Monolina is available in four different base tunings D - F - A - C
by feeltone products Monolina Easy to transport monochord for soundmassage and performace Utility model grant ash & cherry 28.4 x 13 x 4.3 2,7 kg designed by Ingo Böhme www.feeltoneusa.com The Monolina
More informationDIGITAL MUSIC DAY 1 WHAT IS SOUND? ANALOG AND DIGITAL EARLY RECORDING WAX FOR YOUR EARS ROUND BUT FLAT WIRE AND TAPE PURE SOUND
DIGITAL MUSIC DAY 1 WHAT IS SOUND? 1. Making a sound playing a musical instrument, moves the surrounding the instrument. 2. Making a sound sends out air which hit your ears. 3. Waves of changing air pressure
More informationMUSC1 Set work study notes Haydn Symphony No 104 in D major
MUSC1 Set work study notes Haydn Symphony No 104 in D major These study notes are intended to help teachers and students prepare for the new set work. It is not an examination board definitive, nor exhaustive,
More informationLittle LFO. Little LFO. User Manual. by Little IO Co.
1 Little LFO User Manual Little LFO by Little IO Co. 2 Contents Overview Oscillator Status Switch Status Light Oscillator Label Volume and Envelope Volume Envelope Attack (ATT) Decay (DEC) Sustain (SUS)
More informationFine Tuning. By Alan Carruth Copyright 2000. All Rights Reserved.
Fine Tuning By Alan Carruth Copyright 2000. All Rights Reserved. I've been working toward a rational understanding of guitar acoustics for nearly as long as I've been making guitars (more than twenty years
More informationA MUSICAL APPROACH TO LEARNING THE BANJO NECK
A MUSICAL APPROACH TO LEARNING THE BANJO NECK Introduction One of the things that has become clear to me, after a number of years of playing banjo, is that if I have any hope of improvising creatively
More informationEvasive manoeuvres of bowed-string instruments: The effect of wolf suppressors on wolf tones
Evasive manoeuvres of bowed-string instruments: The effect of wolf suppressors on wolf tones G. Gidion University of Potsdam, Geschwister-Scholl-Straße 75, 14471 Potsdam, Germany gunnargidion@web.de 337
More informationChapman University Hall-Musco Conservatory of Music. FALL NEW STUDENT REGISTRATION GUIDE for Music First-Year (Freshmen) and Transfer Students
Chapman University Hall-Musco Conservatory of Music FALL NEW STUDENT REGISTRATION GUIDE for Music First-Year (Freshmen) and Transfer Students Registration for music classes takes place during Orientation
More informationPhysics in Entertainment and the Arts
Physics in Entertainment and the Arts Chapter VII Wave Transfer and Waves incident on a rigid boundary almost completely reflect Almost all the wave s energy is reflected back the way it came Waves incident
More informationCopyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Chapter 20. Traveling Waves You may not realize it, but you are surrounded by waves. The waviness of a water wave is readily apparent, from the ripples on a pond to ocean waves large enough to surf. It
More informationMu2108 Set Theory: A Gentle Introduction Dr. Clark Ross
Mu2108 Set Theory: A Gentle Introduction Dr. Clark Ross Consider (and play) the opening to Schoenberg s Three Piano Pieces, Op. 11, no. 1 (1909): If we wish to understand how it is organized, we could
More informationB3. Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT)
B3. Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) Objectives: Understand the concept of a time varying frequency spectrum and the spectrogram Understand the effect of different windows on the spectrogram; Understand
More informationPortsmouth High School. Music Department
Portsmouth High School Music Department What Courses Are Available as a Freshman? Piano I Guitar I Introduction to Music AP Music Theory Music Production & Engineering (Music Technology) Jazz Ensemble
More informationSound and Music. Drum. Drum. Guitar. Flute. Guitar. Trumpet. Flute. Trumpet
Sound and Music Look at the drawings above. Read the names of the parts of each instrument. Answer the following questions. 1. Which part creates the sound for each of these instruments? Drum Guitar Flute
More informationMUSIC. MU 100 Fundamentals of Music Theory (4) MU 101 Listen to the Music (4) MU 102 Music Appreciation (4) MU 109 Class Voice (2)
MUSIC MU 100 Fundamentals of Music Theory (4) An introduction to notation, including a study of intervals, scales, modes, meters, basic triads and seventh chords. Intended for non-majors or students with
More informationSHOCK AND VIBRATION RESPONSE SPECTRA COURSE Unit 3. Sine Sweep Frequency and Octave Calculations
SHOCK AND VIBRATION RESPONSE SPECTRA COURSE Unit 3. Sine Sweep Frequency and Octave Calculations By Tom Irvine Introduction A common specification for a base excitation test is a sine sweep test. An example
More informationThe University of Alabama in Huntsville is an accredited institutional member of the National Association of Schools of Music.
The University of Alabama in Huntsville 1 Music B102 Roberts Hall Telephone: 256.824.6436 Email: music@email.uah.edu The University of Alabama in Huntsville is an accredited institutional member of the
More informationDoes Long-Term Headphone Use Affect Hearing Ability? by Catherine Helferty
Does Long-Term Headphone Use Affect Hearing Ability? by Catherine Helferty Background, Purpose and Hypothesis: The use of headphones for listening to music has increased tremendously over the past 25 years.
More informationGuitar Reference. By: Frank Markovich
Guitar Reference By: Frank Markovich Guitar Reference Introduction The purpose of this book is to give the student the reference materials for learning how to play the guitar. In this book you will find
More informationBeginner Guitar Level I
Welcome to Beginner Guitar Level I E A D G B E * Please fill out the student form * Who is this guy? E A D G B E Logistics, etc.. sign in / out everyday start promptly -> don t be late! breaks / bathrooms
More informationVoltage. Oscillator. Voltage. Oscillator
fpa 147 Week 6 Synthesis Basics In the early 1960s, inventors & entrepreneurs (Robert Moog, Don Buchla, Harold Bode, etc.) began assembling various modules into a single chassis, coupled with a user interface
More informationEarly Music HOCHSCHULE FÜR MUSIK UND THEATER »FELIX MENDELSSOHN BARTHOLDY« Programmes of study:
HOCHSCHULE FÜR MUSIK UND THEATER Early Music Programmes of study: For instrumental subjects (recorder, transverse flute, historic oboe instruments, bassoon/dulcian, natural horn, natural trumpet, cornett,
More informationThe Chord Book - for 3 string guitar
The Chord Book - for 3 string guitar Prepared for: 3 string fretted cbg Prepared by: Patrick Curley Forward This short ebook will help you play chords on your 3 string guitar. I m tuned to G, if you re
More informationPlaying By Ear Who Can Play By Ear?... 2 How To Play By Ear... 3 Happy Birthday To You (By Ear)... 4 Match Tones... 5 Add Chords...
Playing By Ear Who Can Play By Ear?... 2 How To Play By Ear... 3 Happy Birthday To You (By Ear)... 4 Match Tones... 5 Add Chords... 6 Allcanplay TM Piano * MaxLearning.Net 2009 * Playing By Ear * 4/6/2009
More informationMaths Targets for pupils in Year 2
Maths Targets for pupils in Year 2 A booklet for parents Help your child with mathematics For additional information on the agreed calculation methods, please see the school website. ABOUT THE TARGETS
More informationSample Entrance Test for CR125-129 (BA in Popular Music)
Sample Entrance Test for CR125-129 (BA in Popular Music) A very exciting future awaits everybody who is or will be part of the Cork School of Music BA in Popular Music CR125 CR126 CR127 CR128 CR129 Electric
More informationThere s Music in the Air
There s Music in the Air Sound and Sinusoids Peg Alofs Becker Math Teacher at Kalamazoo Central H.S. Contact me at: BeckerPL@Kalamazoo.k12.mi.us April, 2006 Participant in Research Experience for Teachers
More informationTHE MUSIC BUSINESS DISCIPLINE
Music Business (MB) At first, the combination of Music and Business might seem like a contradiction of sorts. On further examination, it becomes evident that the success of any professional musical venture
More informationSimple 2 Finger Mandolin Chords for a I, IV, V Progression
Major chords from the Mandolin chords chart Mandolin hords Major hord hord hord D hord D ingering hord hord hord 0 ingering st ret Simple inger Mandolin hords for a I, IV, V Progression I or D hord D D
More informationDoppler Effect Plug-in in Music Production and Engineering
, pp.287-292 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2014.9.8.26 Doppler Effect Plug-in in Music Production and Engineering Yoemun Yun Department of Applied Music, Chungwoon University San 29, Namjang-ri, Hongseong,
More informationKODÁLY METHOD AND ITS INFLUENCE ON TEACHING WIND INSTRUMENTS IN HUNGARY
KODÁLY METHOD AND ITS INFLUENCE ON TEACHING WIND INSTRUMENTS IN HUNGARY Jozsef Csikota Midwest Clinic Chicago, Illinois U.S.A. 15th December 2004 KODÁLY METHOD IN HUNGARIAN SCHOOLS In Hungary, every student
More informationEstimation of Loudness by Zwicker's Method
Estimation of Loudness by Zwicker's Method Loudness is one category in the list of human perceptions of sound. There are many methods of estimating Loudness using objective measurements. No method is perfect.
More informationViola Time Book 2. RGP (Release, Glide and Press) Shifting Method 2
Viola Time Book RGP (Release, Glide and Press) Shifting Method st Finger shifting without accidentals Exercise : st-rd Position shifting in C major Scale and arpeggio of C major Kayaking Down the Tarwin
More informationAIR RESONANCE IN A PLASTIC BOTTLE Darrell Megli, Emeritus Professor of Physics, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN dm37@evansville.
AIR RESONANCE IN A PLASTIC BOTTLE Darrell Megli, Emeritus Professor of Physics, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN dm37@evansville.edu It is well known that if one blows across the neck of an empty
More informationOpen Tunings. instance, the melody C# B G A can be harmonized in the Open G tuning with the two drones B and D.
16 Open Tunings instance, the melody C# B G A can be harmonized in the Open G tuning with the two drones B and D. When the strings of a tuning form a simple chord, the tuning is called open; the strings
More informationSuitable for: Beginners with absolutely no previous experience. Beginners who appear particularly shy or nervous.
Lesson plan 1: CHORD STRUMMING FOR THE BEGINNER Suitable for: Beginners with absolutely no previous experience. Beginners who appear particularly shy or nervous. Prerequisites: None General Objective:
More informationSummary The students will learn how to make a basic musical instrument and how to modify it to get different loudness and pitches.
Partnerships Implementing Engineering Education Sound: 4.D.3B Rubber Band Banjo Grade Level 4 Sessions 50 minutes Seasonality N/A Instructional Mode(s) Whole class Team Size 2 WPS Benchmarks 04.SC.PS.01
More informationCOMS 4115 Programming Languages and Translators Fall 2013 Professor Edwards. Lullabyte
COMS 4115 Programming Languages and Translators Fall 2013 Professor Edwards Lullabyte Stanley Chang (cc3527), Louis Croce (ljc2154), Nathan Hayes-Roth (nbh2113), Andrew Langdon (arl2178), Ben Nappier (ben2113),
More informationLecture 1-10: Spectrograms
Lecture 1-10: Spectrograms Overview 1. Spectra of dynamic signals: like many real world signals, speech changes in quality with time. But so far the only spectral analysis we have performed has assumed
More informationStudio Orchestra Seating
Studio Orchestra Seating September 008 Abstract This document presents the seating arrangement for a studio orchestra. Considerations and favourable aspects will be discussed. As an example, details will
More informationAcoustics for Musicians
Unit 1: Acoustics for Musicians Unit code: QCF Level 3: Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose J/600/6878 BTEC National The aim of this unit is to establish knowledge of acoustic principles
More informationDIAMOND ROOM MEASUREMENT REPORT
DIAMOND ROOM MEASUREMENT REPORT Frequency response Frequencies between 20 and 20.000 Hz are sent out with the same amplitude to be offered to the signalpath. In theory we should receive a straight line
More informationNMC MUSIC MAJOR STUDENT HANDBOOK
NMC MUSIC MAJOR STUDENT HANDBOOK MUSIC Table of Contents PROGRAM SUMMARY... 2 GENERAL INFORMATION Accompanists... 3 Applied Music... 3 Convocations... 3 Ensembles... 3 Instrument Lockers... 3 Juries...
More informationExpanding Your Harmonic Horizons
2016 American String Teachers National Conference Expanding Your Harmonic Horizons Harmony Clinic for Harpists Presented By Felice Pomeranz Publications used as resources from Felice's Library of Teaching
More informationAbsorption mufflers in exhaust systems. Rolf Jebasinski. J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. Abstract
1 Absorption mufflers in exhaust systems Rolf Jebasinski J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co Abstract Absorption mufflers or combined absorption/reflection mufflers are an almost indispensable element of modern exhaust
More informationUsing games to support. Win-Win Math Games. by Marilyn Burns
4 Win-Win Math Games by Marilyn Burns photos: bob adler Games can motivate students, capture their interest, and are a great way to get in that paperand-pencil practice. Using games to support students
More informationPY231: Notes on Linear and Nonlinear Oscillators, and Periodic Waves
PY231: Notes on Linear and Nonlinear Oscillators, and Periodic Waves B. Lee Roberts Department of Physics Boston University DRAFT January 2011 1 The Simple Oscillator In many places in music we encounter
More informationCREATING A 12 TONE MATRIX: "My music is not modern, it is merely badly played." A. Schoenberg
CREATING A 12 TONE MATRIX: "My music is not modern, it is merely badly played." A. Schoenberg WHY CREATE A 12 TONE MATRIX? Having a chart like this (12 tone matrix) showing all variants of the series at
More informationTonic- The main pitch in tonal music, and also the first (and last) letter of a major or minor scale.
Scale- A scale is a series of pitches in ascending order, such as D E F G A B C D. There are many kinds of scales, which differ in how many different pitch names they use, and in the pattern of steps they
More informationAcoustics: the study of sound waves
Acoustics: the study of sound waves Sound is the phenomenon we experience when our ears are excited by vibrations in the gas that surrounds us. As an object vibrates, it sets the surrounding air in motion,
More informationThe abstract, universal, or essential class of a pitch. The thing about that pitch that different particular instances of it share in common.
SET THEORY CONCEPTS ***The Abstract and the Particular*** Octave Equivalence/Enharmonic Equivalence A category of abstraction whereby pitches that are registal duplicates of one another are considered
More information