Combustion Science ABM 01/25/13

Transcription

1 Combustion Science ABM 01/25/13 7

2 Aerostat Based Emission Sampling with an Instrument Platform called The Flyer Total weight ~ 21 kg (46 lb) Flight time 4 h SVOC sampling time 60 min Onboard computer with control software Transmission of data from Flyer to the ground Every millisecond data logging User-set CO 2 triggering of samplers GPS CO 2 CO Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Black carbon (BC) PM by filter (PM 2.5, PM 10 ) Continuous PM 2.5, PM 10 3D-anemometer

3 Determination of Emission Factors from Open and Diffuse Combustion Sources Prescribed forest burns Prescribed field forest burns Gulf in situ oil burns Open burning and Open detonation of military ordnance Open burning of waste from forward operating bases Open detonation of military ordnance Gulf in situ oil burns Open burning of waste from forward operating bases Open burns of propellants

4 Laboratory emission sampling in Open Burn Test Facility Laboratory testing of e.g. biomass and municipal waste Emissions such as: CO 2 CO Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) such as: PCDD/PCDF, PAH, PBDD/PBDF Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as: benzene, xylene, acrolein etc. Particulate matter: PM10, PM2.5, TSP Black carbon Brown carbon

5 Measurement Instrument Mode Sampling rate Method CO 2 LiCOR-820 Continuous Reading every sec. NDIR cell Total PM 47 mm Filter Batch 10 L/min Analytical balance PM10 and PM2.5 SKC Impactor, 47 mm Filter Batch 10 L/min Analytical balance PM2.5 DustTrak 8520 Continuous Reading every sec. Light-scattering laser photometer PM1, PM2.5, PM7, PM10, TSP PM1, PM2.5, PM7, PM10, TSP DustTrak 8533 Continuous Reading every sec. Light-scattering laser photometer Aerocet 531 Continuous Reading every 2-min Light-scattering laser photometer Black Carbon AE51, AE52 Continuous Reading every sec. IR 880 nm Brown Carbon AE52 Continuous Reading every 10 sec. UV 370 nm PCDD/PCDF Quartz filter/ PUFP Batch 160 L/min (V. 3) 850 L/min (V. 4) GC/HRMS PAH Quartz filter/ PUFP/XAD/PUFP Batch 160 L/min (V.3) 650 L/min (V.4) GC/LRMS Energetics Quartz filter Batch 1000 L/min MS/MS VOC Summa Canister Batch 10 sec 3 min GC/LRMS HCl, perchlorate, chlorate Filter (CO 3 ) Silica Batch L/min LCMS Ambient pressure, elevation, location MTi-G Continuous Reading every sec. GPS, static pressure sensor, AHRS

6 PCDD/PCDF emission factors from Outdoor Wood- Fired Hydronic Heaters (OWHH) Four different OWHHs were investigated. Different fuel types were investigated: Red Oak, White Pine, Wood pellets, Mixed scrap wood PCDDs/PCDFs were sampled using EPA Method 23. The operating conditions were continuously monitored, with continuous measurement of CO, CO 2, CH 4. Combustion of red oak PCDD/F stack sampling

7 Emission factors Emission factor is a measure of the average amount of a pollutant to the atmosphere from a specific source, expressed as e.g. gram pollutant per kg fuel burned. The carbon mass balance method is used to calculate emission factors from open area sources. The derived emission factors can be used to predict exposure and possible harm to human health and the environment. In emission inventory calculations

8 Publications Johanna Aurell and Brian K. Gullett. (2013). Emission Factors from Aerial and Ground Measurements of Field and Laboratory Forest Burns in the Southeastern U.S.: PM 2.5, Black and Brown Carbon, VOC, and PCDDs/PCDFs, Environmental Science & Technology, DOI /es402101k Johanna Aurell, Brian K. Gullett and Dirk Yamamoto. (2012). Emissions from Open Burning of Simulated Military Waste from Forward Operating Bases. Environmental Science & Technology 46 (20), Johanna Aurell, Brian K. Gullett, Dennis Tabor, Abderrahmane Touati and Lukas Oudejans. (2012). Semivolatile and Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Wood-Fired Hydronic Heaters. Environmental Science & Technology 46 (14), John S. Kinsey, Abderrahmane Touati, Tiffany L.B. Yelverton, Johanna Aurell, Seung-Hyun Cho, William P. Linak, Brian K. Gullett. (2012). Emissions Characterization of Residential Wood-Fired Hydronic Heater Technologies. Atmospheric Environment 63, Gullett B.K. et al. (2012). Environmental, Energy Market, and Health Characterization of Wood-Fired Hydronic Heater Technologies. NYSERDA Report , ISBN: , Kim, B.J., Kemme, M.R., Gullett, B.K., Williams R.K., Aurell J., (2012). Innovative Technology Development for Comprehensive Air Quality Characterization from Open Burning. SERDP WP-2153 Johanna Aurell, Brian K. Gullett, Christopher Pressley, Dennis G. Tabor and Robert D. Gribble. (2011). Aerostatlofted instrument and sampling method for determination of emissions from open area sources. Chemosphere 85 (5), Johanna Aurell and Brian K. Gullett. (2010). Aerostat sampling of PCDD/PCDF emissions from the Gulf oil spill in situ burns. Environmental Science & Technology 44 (24)