Infrastructure development - Clean energy, hydrogen, natural gas and biofuels

Transcription

1 Infrastructure development - Clean energy, hydrogen, natural gas and biofuels Regional Power for Clean Transport, Oslo 31 st of October, 2013 Olof Källgren Head of Clean Energy, Merchant LNG

2 Content 1 Company profile 2 Clean Energy in Linde 3 LNG for Heavy Trucks 4 Biomethane in transport, Scandinavia 5 Hydrogen for automotive 2

3 1. The Linde Group based on two pillars with extensive synergies The Linde Group Linde Gas Linde Engineering 3

4 1. The Linde Group Global presence >100 countries, +60,000 people and revenues >EUR 15bn (2012) Linde market leader in 4 out of 5 high growth regions Eastern Europe & Middle East #1 #1 Greater China #1 South and East Asia South America #2 #1 The Linde Group No presence South Africa 4

5 Content 1 Company profile 2 Clean Energy in Linde 3 LNG for Heavy Trucks 4 Biomethane in transport, Scandinavia 5 Hydrogen for automotive 5

6 2. Clean energy important growth markets for Linde Targeted Business and Technology development areas Liquified Natural Gas (LNG), small scale Oil vs. NG spread CO 2 reduction Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Maturing oil fields High oil prices Carbon Capture & Storage / Usage Regulations Funding Coal reserves H 2 as fuel Zero emissions Drive performance CO 2 Networks Photovoltaic 3 Technology portfolio Increasing need for CO 2 recycling Integrated solutions August 2013 Environmental impact Efficiencydriven 6

7 2. Existing project portfolio with broad geographic reach Biogas refuelling station, LNG back-up, Sweden LNG plant, Statoil, Hammerfest, Norway LNG import terminal, StatoilHydro, Nynäshamn, Sweden PCC flue gas wash, RWE, Niederaußem, Germany Landfill gas LNG plant, Waste Management, Altamont, USA Oxyfuel pilot plant, Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe, Germany N 2 EOR plant, Pemex, Cantarell, Mexico CO 2 network, OCAP, Rotterdam/Amsterda m, Netherlands Hydrogen refuelling stations: Germany, USA, Japan, China CO 2 injection for EGR, Gaz de France, Maxdorf, Germany CO 2 injection/storage, GFZ Potsdam, Ketzin, Germany N 2 EOR ASU plant, ADNOC, Mirfa, Abu Dhabi Network of LNG plants for truck fleet fuelling, Australia 3 Technology portfolio August

8 Content 1 Company profile 2 Clean Energy in Linde 3 LNG for Heavy Trucks 4 Biomethane in transport, Scandinavia 5 Hydrogen for automotive 8

9 3. LNG: Lower cost primary driver but emission regulations setting framework for viable alternatives Marine Sector Mobility Industry & Power M/S Bergenfjord (2x 125 m³ tank) LNG truck fuelling station Stockholm Nynäshamn Terminal Supply of nearby Refinery Status Due to regulation and price development huge interest by shipping industry More than 20 ships equipped with tanks from Cryo AB Viking Grace from 2013 fuelled by LNG Price benchmark ECA: MGO or HFO + scrubber Deep Sea: HFO Status OEMs (Volvo, Westport, MAN, ) developing technology First LNG refuelling station in Stockholm in operation, 2 more to come in 2012 Price benchmark Diesel Status In stranded areas without connection to trans-european grid, gas supply alternative Interest from various industries to substitute other fuels with natural gas Price benchmark LPG, Diesel, Naphta 9

10 3. LNG: Opportunity for LNG in Marine market driven by stricter emission Sulphur storage at Syncrude Fort McMurray representing 50% of sulphur released to air per year by the marine industry Dimension: 270m by 350m by 30m = 3.9 million tonnes of sulphur 10

11 3. LNG: Linde engaged in complete small scale value chain Small to mid-scale liquefaction plants Gablingen, Germany 21 tons per day Tasmania, Australia 50 tons per day Bergen, Norway 120 tons per day Kwinana, Australia 175 tons per day Distribution & storage, refuelling equipment and components Stavanger, Norway 900 tons per day Shan Shan, China 1,300 tons per day Linde owned & operated small scale LNG operations Australia Altamont, CA, USA Scandinavia 11

12 3. LNG: Why use LNG in Heavy truck operation? Fuel costs up to 50% of a Hauliers overall costs Lower fuel costs with LNG on several markets Favourable price spread oil/diesel vs. gas Fuel taxation & other incentives varies Less noise Improved air quality and reduced carbon footprint (up to 20% Well to Wheel) Increased use of Biomethane / LBG anticipated in specifically Europe 12

13 3. LNG: Key factors to establish LNG as alternative fuel for road transport Integrator / Infrastructure & last mile Producer/ LNG Supply Customer / Fleet operator - Supply security & fuel cost - Availability of infrastructure - Attractive OEM products OEM / Products & Technology All must come together to generate growth and avoid disappointments during early market introduction. Supply: Secured LNG supply from large scale, centralised entry points (i.e. LNG import terminal) or local LNG production direct or over small-scale LNG terminals to customers No seasonality for freight haulage or marine as for traditional gas markets Price formula and contracting according to needs for heavy truck and marine operation Infrastructure: Chicken-egg problem persist funding to establish multiple access points to LNG, e.g. public or customer specific, land based or ship based Established and EU wide harmonized legislation and standards required Technology need to fulfill user and environmental requirements Customer: Availability of OEM backed products/solutions Commercially viable business case for all parties 13

14 3. LNG: Experience from LNG Heavy Truck infrastructure development Australia Latest LNG truck fuelling station installed October 2012, Victoria North America BioLNG plant in Altamont California Europe, UK & Scandinavia LNG truck fuelling station Stockholm Status Small scale plant capacity exist on both East and West coast Appreciation of AUD hampers development Lack of suitable vehicles OEM backed vehicles Status Huge spread between diesel and natural gas Oil & Gas industry early adaptor of LNG to displace diesel Several players announced significant investments in infrastructure Status Economic drive relative low but strong interest for biomethane Good cooperation within industry 14

15 3. Linde s subsidiary BOC building and operating LNG production and fuel station network in Australia Geographic focus on Eastern Australia and Tasmania LNG produced from grid based small scale LNG plants, ton per day 2 plants in operation since plant under construction in Queensland, to be commissioned 2014 Intial focus on LNG to replace diesel for Heavy Trucks Major challenge in lack of OEM backed vehicles Broadened scope from 2011 towards off-grid power and industry Take-out: LNG validated as attractive fuel for long-haul. Volume ramp-up requires well designed and optimized cryogenic refuelling solutions. All parties need to work very close to align interests. 15

16 3. First new generation NO loss, low cost refuelling station installed by BOC in Australia (UK, NL, US) Key characteristics: No intentional venting of methane Able to handle low consumption rates without performance implications Manage different on-board tank pressures, on-the-fly conditioning Small foot print Low total cost, i.e. initial investment / project execution / O&M Modular approach, i.e. handle variation of functionality and capacity Diesel like filling performance and driver experience Global design Take-out: Existing station solutions did not meet Linde internal criteria. Improved fuel station design critical both from economical and environmental view. 16

17 Content 1 Company profile 2 Clean Energy in Linde 3 LNG for Heavy Trucks 4 Biomethane in transport, Scandinavia 5 Hydrogen for automotive 17

18 4. Biomethane for road transport developing to significant size in Sweden and Norway Very limited NG grid in Sweden and Norway AGA supplied compressed bio-methane, CBG, since 2003 as fuel for transportation Biomethane a real opportunity and provide political bridge to NG Supported by favourable taxation as well as other incentives, e.g. free parking, separate cuing lane for taxi at airports, etc. AGA commissioned the Stockholm LNG terminal 2011 with initial intent to secure reliable supply, complementing biomethane for road transport Early focus on public network in cooperation with retailers, e.g. Statoil, Shell, Q8, etc. Current development strongest in public transportation Very good cooperation between stakeholders, e.g. joint project set-up for initial stations and trucks as well as for the Blue Corridor application 18

19 Content 1 Company profile 2 Clean Energy in Linde 3 LNG for Heavy Trucks 4 Biomethane in transport, Scandinavia 5 Hydrogen for automotive 19

20 5. H 2 : De-carbonisation of energy carriers in history CO 2 ratio Coal C/H ratio approx. 2 Crude oil approx Natural gas 0.25 Hydrogen 0 Early age of industrialisation today tomorrow (renewable) 20

21 5. H 2 : Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) Only powertrain to combine near-zero CO 2 with high range CO 2 emissions gco 2 / km ICE gasoline ICE diesel PHEV BEV FCEV Low emissions and high range ,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 Range in Km Source: The Role of Battery Electric Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrids and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles - A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis 21

22 5. H 2 : Automotive fuel A vision of zero-emission mobility becomes reality Description Transition to hydrogen-powered transport driven by environmental legislation, crude oil independency and zero-emission mobility Fuel cells more than twice as efficient as ICE (from well to wheel) No exhaust pipe GHG emissions, minus 40 % in buses compared to Diesel (AC Transit) Scope Linde covers the entire hydrogen chain from H 2 production to filling stations New standard for car refuelling established: 5 kg of H 2 (range ~500 km) at 700 bar in 3 min Reference projects Linde has built more than 200 hydrogen production plants throughout the world More than 80 hydrogen fuelling stations equipped in 15 countries, including Linde Hydrogen Center The company participates in a number of projects, 22

23 5. H 2 : Linde covers the entire hydrogen value chain Production Supply/Storage Compression/Transfer Dispenser CGH 2 storage Conventional H 2 (e.g. SMR) LH 2 storage Ionic compressor 350 bar Onsite SMR Green H 2 (e.g. BTH) Onsite electrolysis Cryo-pump 700 bar 23

24 5. H 2 : Linde hydrogen refuelling solutions Reference projects prove technological maturity Linde reference projects OMV, Stuttgart Total/CEP Ariake, Tokyo II Berlin TOTAL/CEP, Berlin AC Transit, SFO Bay Linde Hydrogen Center Munich Zero Regio, Frankfurt Key learnings Technological maturity reached High level of standardisation reached Standardised fuelling protocol Standardised H 2 quality Key facts More than 80 hydrogen stations equipped in 15 countries More than 400,000 successful fuellings Leading supplier of hydrogen fuelling technologies User-friendly fuelling process 3 min / fuelling Touch & feel like conventional stations Integration into existing infrastructure Leading supplier of hydrogen 24

25 5. Reference projects: CEP/Shell, Sachsendamm, Berlin, Germany Accessibility: Public Start of operation: Q2/2011 Dispensing lines: 1 x 700 bar (car) 1 x 350 bar (car) 1 x 350 bar (bus) MUC, Tokyo 350bar, Ariake, Dry 350bar, Runner Cryo Compressor Technology: 2 x Cryopump (each pump 120 kg/h) H 2 source: LH 2 storage tank Customer: 7 Hydrogen August

26 5. Reference projects: Vattenfall, HafenCity, Hamburg, Germany Barcelona, Accessibility: 350bar, Dry Public Runner Start of operation: Q1/2012 Dispensing lines: 1 x 700 bar (car) 1 x 350 bar (car) 1 x 350 bar (bus) Technology: Ionic Compression MUC, Tokyo 350bar, Ariake, Dry 350bar, Runner 5-cylinder Cryo Compressor H 2 source: Electrolysis, GH 2 storage tank Customer: 7 Hydrogen August

27 5. Reference projects: Swindon, United Kingdom Barcelona, Accessibility: 350bar, Dry Public Runner Start of operation: Q3/2011 Dispensing lines: 1 x 700 bar (car) 1 x 350 bar (car) Technology: MF 90, dry runner MUC, Tokyo 350bar, Ariake, Dry 350bar, Runner Cryo Compressor H 2 source: GH 2 bundle supply (phase 2 electrolysis) Customer: 27

28 5. Reference projects: Ariake Hydrogen Station, Tokyo, Japan Accessibility: Public Mini Fueler Start of operation: 2003 MUC, 350bar, Dry Runner Dispensing lines: 1 x 350 bar Technology: Cryo-compressor H 2 source: LH 2 storage tank Customer: 28

29 5. Reference projects: AC Transit, Emeryville, CA, USA Accessibility: Public Start of operation: Q4/2011 Dispensing lines: 1 x 700 bar (car) 1 x 350 bar (bus) Technology: Compressor Ionic Compression, Dry Running H 2 source: Liquid storage + Onsite Electrolysis Customer: 29

30 5. Reference projects: Forklift truck BMW, Spartanburg, SC, USA Accessibility: Non-public Mini Fueler Start of operation: Q3/2010, expanded Q2/2013 Dispensing lines: 14 x 200 bar (for > 230 forklift trucks) Technology: Ionic Compressor H 2 source: LH 2 storage tank Customer: 30

31 5. H 2 : Linde-Daimler partnership contributes to building 50 hydrogen fuelling stations in Germany Daimler and Linde first announced to build 20 additional public hydrogen stations in Germany in 2011 to bridge the gap between demonstration (Clean Energy Partnership - CEP) and commercialization ( H 2 Mobility ) Initiative picked up and supported by Federal Ministry of Transportation, extended to 50 stations to be built until 2015 together with further partners Strengthens existing clusters and establishes links between them Will allow to drive through Germany with hydrogenpowered vehicles Project goes hand in hand with planned serial production of fuel-cell cars, starting in

32 Green hydrogen end game as automotive fuel Alternative feedstocks and processes Biogenous Pathways Renewable Electricity Excess Electricity Wind power Feedstock Waste gas 1 Lignocellulosic biomass 3 Algae Excess electricity in electrical grid Biogas 2 5 Solar power Process Steam Methane Reformer Gasification Biological metabolism 4 Electrolysis Renewable hydrogen 1 E.g. sewage gas, landfill gas, mine gas, etc. 2 With e.g. energy maize, liquid manure, etc. as feedstock for biogas production 3 Mainly solid biomass like woody biomass, straw, solid & lignocellulosic by-products 4 Either direct H 2 production or alternatively NH 3 generation as H 2 carrier 5 Algae biomass can be used as feedstocks for gasification and fermentation theoretically 32

33 Thank you for your attention.