Health Consultation. Lou Park II Site. City of St. Louis Park, Hennepin County, Minnesota. June Prepared by:

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1 Health Consultation Lou Park II Site City of St. Louis Park, Hennepin County, Minnesota June 2000 Prepared by: The Minnesota Department of Health Under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

2 Foreword This document summarizes public health concerns at a hazardous waste site in St. Louis Park, Hennepin County, Minnesota. It is based on a formal site evaluation prepared by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH). A number of steps are necessary to do such an evaluation:! Evaluating exposure: MDH scientists begin a site evaluation by reviewing available information about environmental conditions at the site. The first task is to find out how much contamination is present, where it is found on the site, and how people might be exposed to it. Usually, MDH does not collect its own environmental sampling data; instead MDH relies on information provided by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and other government agencies, businesses, and the general public.! Evaluating health effects: If there is evidence that people are being exposed or could be exposed to hazardous substances, MDH scientists will take steps to determine whether that exposure could be harmful to human health. The report focuses on public health i.e., the health impact on the community as a whole and is based on existing scientific information.! Developing recommendations: In the evaluation report, MDH outlines its conclusions regarding any potential health threat posed by a site and offers recommendations for reducing or eliminating human exposure to contaminants. The role of MDH in dealing with individual sites is primarily advisory. For that reason, the evaluation report will typically recommend actions to be taken by other agencies including EPA and MPCA. However, if an immediate health threat exists, MDH will issue a public health advisory warning of the danger and will work to resolve the problem.! Soliciting community input: The evaluation process is interactive. MDH starts by soliciting and evaluating information from various government agencies, the organizations responsible for cleaning up the site, and the community surrounding the site. Any conclusions about the site are shared with these groups and organizations that provided the information. Once an evaluation report has been prepared, MDH seeks feedback from the public. If you have questions or comments about this report, you are encouraged to contact MDH. Please write to: Community Relations Coordinator Site Assessment and Consultation Unit Minnesota Department of Health 625 Robert St. North Box St. Paul, MN Or call: (651) or (toll free, then press the number 4 on your touch tone phone)

3 I. Summary of Background and History The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) was requested by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), site workers, and local residents to evaluate public health concerns at the Lou Park II Site (the site), located in St. Louis Park, Hennepin County, Minnesota. The site was first reported to the MPCA in November of 1999 when contaminated soil was encountered during excavation for a proposed 45-unit apartment building complex. This Health Consultation is based on a site visit conducted on March 23, 2000 and a review of documents provided to MDH by the MPCA. The site is located just off the south frontage road of Interstate Highway 394, on Hampshire Avenue, in St. Louis Park, Minnesota (see Figure 1). The site is approximately 1.5 acres in size. The surrounding land use consists of single family and multi-family (apartment) residences, commercial buildings, a restaurant, and a park containing a pond (Otten Pond). According to available records, the land has been undeveloped since at least 1937, and based on aerial photographs a small pond may have once been located on the site (Nova 1999). The geology in the area of the site consists of glacial outwash deposits composed of sand, loamy sand, and gravel. Bedrock, consisting of the Platteville and Glenwood formations, would be expected to be encountered approximately feet below grade. Soil borings conducted at the site for the purposes of evaluating soil conditions prior to beginning construction of the proposed apartment complex encountered artificial fill (silty clayey sand) underlain by swamp deposits and outwash deposits. This indicates that a pond or wetland was once located at the site. No waste materials were reportedly found in the borings. Groundwater is present at depths of 6 to 13 feet below the ground surface according to the soil borings conducted at the site. Groundwater flow is thought to be towards the east. In November of 1999, workers excavating the foundation of the proposed apartment complex encountered strong-smelling soil in the excavation site (some odors had been noted in the days before, however). The soil reportedly smelled like petroleum and cleaning solvents, and also contained debris like rusty metal, tires, concrete, wood, and bricks. The excavated contaminated soil and debris was placed in a large stockpile; the stockpile and excavation apparently sat uncovered for a number of days while the excavation was backfilled with clean fill. Several of the construction workers subsequently contacted MDH and reported they had experienced symptoms such as headaches, nausea, a burning sensation in the mouth, and extreme eye irritation during the time the materials were exposed. The workers expressed concern over potential long-term health effects from their exposure. MPCA staff visited the site the day after it was first reported to them by construction workers at the site and observed the waste materials and several drums, both in the excavated soil and in the sidewall of the excavation (MPCA 1999). This was several days after the initial discovery of the waste materials. The soil in the excavation was reportedly stained black and gray, with an oily appearance according to MPCA reports. Three temporary dewatering wells were being pumped to keep the excavation from flooding, with the water being discharged to nearby Otten Pond. Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry 1

4 The excavation was originally 18 feet deep, and had been partially backfilled with sand. Samples of the contaminated soil, air in the work area, and discharge water were collected by an environmental consultant working for the developer of the site. Before leaving the site, the MPCA staff ordered that the large stockpile (an estimated 4-6,000 cubic yards) be covered, and the area fenced. Smaller amounts of excavated soil had also been placed in two other locations, known as the linear pile and the berm. It has also been reported that some soils may have been transported off of the site to various locations (MPCA 2000). Laboratory analysis of three soil samples collected from the sidewall of the excavation showed numerous detections of both petroleum-related and non petroleum related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and heavy metals such as lead. TCE and lead were found at particularly high levels. No VOCs were detected in the air sample collected at the site; it is not known exactly where and when the air sample was collected, however. Laboratory analysis of the discharge water sample showed detectable concentrations of diesel range organics (DRO, an indicator of petroleum contamination), and two VOCs, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride, both known breakdown products of TCE. Barium was also detected in the discharge water sample, while levels of other metals were below laboratory detection limits. The laboratory detection limits were well above normal detection limits, however, and the analysis was only conducted for dissolved metals. No analysis was conducted for particulate bound metals. According to MPCA files, as much as 16 million gallons of water may have been discharged to Otten Pond (MPCA 2000). Once the excavation for the proposed apartment complex was complete, further investigation work was proposed to characterize the approximately 12,000 cubic yards of excavated soil and debris (IT 2000). A series of soil borings were advanced within each soil stockpile and samples were collected at three discreet depths in the large stockpile, two discreet depths in the berm, and from a single depth in the linear pile (see Figure 2). The samples were analyzed for VOCs, metals, cyanide, semi-volatile compounds (as measured by base-neutral extractables, or BNAs), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 2,3,7,8-dioxin. Laboratory analysis of the soil stockpile samples showed numerous detections of VOCs in the large stockpile, especially TCE, as well as metals and one type of BNA, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; Barr 2000a). Lead was detected at relatively high levels in all of the samples collected from the large stockpile, at levels well in excess of its MPCA residential Soil Reference Value (SRV). The SRVs are used as soil screening values for the protection of human health from exposure to soil through incidental ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Levels of pesticides, PCBs, and dioxin were below laboratory detection limits in all samples, although the detection limits for PCBs were elevated in some samples. Low levels of PAHs were detected in the linear pile, with one PAH, benzo(a)pyrene, detected at a concentration in excess of its SRV in one sample. PAHs were detected in the samples from the berm, with some PAHs exceeding their SRVs in one boring. Data from the soil stockpile samples is presented in Table 1; the locations of the samples are shown in Figure 2. The large stockpile Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry 2

5 and a portion of the berm were removed from the site for disposal in a sanitary landfill by early April, The remainder of the berm was stockpiled with the linear stockpile, and is covered and fenced. Additional investigation work to attempt to define the extent of the contaminated soil and debris which still remain buried at the site has been conducted. Only a limited amount of information about these investigations has been submitted to the state of Minnesota, however, due to an apparent dispute between the developer and the consultant who conducted the work. The available information has been summarized in a work plan submitted to the MPCA by the site developer s current consultant (Barr 2000b). At least ten soil borings have been advanced in and around the excavation, focusing on the area thought to be where the most contaminated soil and debris was found. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for VOCs, metals, DRO, and gasoline range organics (GRO). Some samples were also analyzed for PCBs. No information was provided as to the depth of the samples, however. The results of laboratory analysis of the soil samples show that contaminated soil remains below the ground to the north and west of the excavation. Levels of TCE as high as 13 milligrams per kilogram of soil (mg/kg) were found, as well as lead at levels as high as 6,000 mg/kg and 1,2- dichlorobenzene as high as 45 mg/kg. DRO and GRO levels were as high as 60,000 mg/kg and 1,200 mg/kg respectively. PCBs were also detected in one sample at a total level of 5.7 mg/kg. Lead, benzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and PCBs exceeded their respective SRVs in some samples. The extent of the contamination has not been defined. The locations of these soil borings is shown in Figure 3, and the data is summarized in Table 2. Site Visit On March 23, 2000 Jim Kelly of MDH and Patrice Jensen and Mike Connolly of the MPCA visited the site. The following observations were made: < The site is located in a densely populated area, immediately next to two apartment complexes, a city park, and several businesses including a popular restaurant. The closest structures are the parking garages associated with one of the apartment complexes. < The large stockpile of contaminated soil and debris was being loaded into trailers for disposal at a local landfill. The work was being monitored with a hand-held organic vapor detector, and the trailers were being covered before leaving the site to help control dust. Some dust was observed from the operation, however. No detections of organic vapors were reported by the contractor operating the monitoring equipment while we were at the site. < An odor could be perceived from the large stockpile. The odor was a combination of petroleum, tar, and solvents, and was quite variable in intensity depending on ones location and the wind speed and direction. < Temporary fencing had been placed around the large stockpile, and the linear pile located Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry 3

6 immediately in front of the Park Pointe Apartments. < The plastic cover on the large stockpile had not been complete, as evidenced by dirt which had eroded from the stockpile and spread through the temporary fence and into the parking lot next to the stockpile. There were tire and bicycle tracks in the dirt, and a vehicle was parked on top of part of it. The contractor was asked to clean up the dirt. < The water level in the adjacent Otten Pond was quite low, exposing the sediments in many areas. Some waste materials (concrete, scrap metal) were observed on the bottom of the pond; it appeared that they may have been thrown there rather than disposed of, however. II. Discussion It is apparent that soil, and likely groundwater at the site have been contaminated by the disposal of waste materials, most likely in the wetland that once existed there. Some of these waste materials were encountered during excavation for the proposed Lou Park II apartments. The chemical contaminants encountered are typical of old dumps, and include heavy metals such as lead, petroleum products, and solvents such as TCE. The symptoms reported by the construction workers who first encountered the contaminated soil and debris are consistent with short term acute exposure to VOCs in air. Contaminants such as dichlorobenzenes (including 1,2- dichlorobenzene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene), which were detected in excavation sidewall samples as wells as in the excavated soil, are particularly associated with eye irritation (ATSDR 1998). The long-term effects of this acute exposure are minimal, however, and indeed one worker reported that the symptoms abated relatively quickly after the exposure ceased. While an air sample collected at the site during the excavation showed no detection of VOCs, it could easily have been collected in an area where winds had dispersed the VOCs. Short-term ambient air sampling of this type is very difficult in terms of capturing a sample representative of long-term worker or nearby resident exposure. The reporting of odors by neighboring workers and residents of the apartment complexes indicates that VOCs were being released from the excavation. Concentrations that may pose a potential acute health concern are usually well in excess of the odor threshold, however. Some residents of the adjacent apartment complexes expressed concern that children may have played on the large soil stockpile before it was covered in late November, 1999 and been exposed to contaminants in the soil. The results of sampling of the soil stockpile indicate that contaminants were present in the stockpile, including the upper 4 feet. Contaminant levels were in some cases in excess of MPCA residential SRVs, and in the case of lead in excess of the MPCA child acute SRV. Significant exposure to these contaminants of the nature that would result in short or long-term health effects is unlikely to have occurred, however, due to the time of year and short length of time the stockpile was uncovered and unfenced. For instance, the child acute SRV for lead assumes that the child is ingesting approximately 10 grams of soil at one time, or an amount equal to about a tablespoon. The residential SRVs assume exposure over a lifetime. The MPCA developed (with the assistance of MDH) and distributed a fact sheet to local residents outlining the type of exposure to the stockpiled soil that may pose a potential Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry 4

7 health concern. The fact sheet also provided information on the appropriate steps that could be taken if a parent suspected their child may have ingested a large amount of soil from the stockpile. No reports of such possible exposure were received, however. The discharge of groundwater pumped from the area of the excavation into Otten Pond raises some concerns. Analysis of one sample of the discharge water showed detectable levels of DRO, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and dissolved barium. The concentration of DRO (190 micrograms per liter, or µg/l) was just below its applicable MPCA surface water criteria of 200 µg/l, while the concentration of vinyl chloride (2.5 µg/l) was well in excess of its applicable surface water standard of 0.17 µg/l. The lack of analysis for total metals as opposed to dissolved metals is problematic; it is likely that some particulate bound metals would have been present given the high concentrations of metals such as lead found in the soil and waste materials at the site. Given the reported volume of groundwater discharged to Otten Pond, and the concentrations of contaminants found in the water, it is possible that surface water and/or sediments in Otten Pond could have been impacted by heavy metals and petroleum products especially. The low surface water level observed in Otten Pond during the site visit appeared to be an inviting feature for local residents, creating a potential exposure pathway to the exposed sediments. This detection of contaminants in the discharge water also indicates that some contamination is present in groundwater at the site. No groundwater monitoring has been conducted, however. The extent of the contaminated soil, groundwater, and debris at the site is unknown. Analysis of soil samples collected from borings advanced outside of the proposed new apartment building have failed to define the lateral extent of the waste materials. It is unknown if waste materials extend under existing structures such as parking garages or apartment buildings, or into neighboring properties. Given the levels of VOCs detected in the excavated waste materials and soil boring samples, the odors reported by local residents, and acute health effects reported by workers during the excavation, the possibility of vapor migration into adjacent structures cannot be ruled out. Basement areas, or in slab on grade structures first floor areas where utilities penetrate the slab would be of highest concern. The proposed Lou Park II apartment complex is to be constructed on top of the area where the contaminated soil and debris was excavated. The vertical extent of the contamination has not been defined in this area; waste materials may still be present beneath the proposed building site. Vapor migration into the proposed structure from waste materials beneath and around the previous excavation cannot be ruled out. The potential also exists for workers to be exposed to site related contaminants if construction on the proposed apartments proceeds, especially if the lateral and vertical extent of the contamination has not been defined. In addition, neighboring residents and employees may be exposed to contamination during the construction process. Proper steps to limit exposure by the use of personal protective equipment and good site management should be considered. Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Child Health Initiative ATSDR s Child Health Initiative recognizes that the unique vulnerabilities of infants and Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry 5

8 children make them of special concern to communities faced with contamination of their water, soil, air, or food. Children are at greater risk than adults from certain kinds of exposures to hazardous substances at waste disposal sites. They are more likely to be exposed because they play outdoors and they often bring food into contaminated areas. They are shorter than adults, which means they breathe dust, soil, and heavy vapors close to the ground. Children also weigh less, resulting in higher doses of chemical exposure per body weight. The developing body systems of children can sustain permanent damage if toxic exposures occur during critical growth stages. Most importantly, children depend completely on adults for risk identification and management decisions, housing decisions, and access to medical care. Children were exposed to contaminants at the site through inhalation of vapors from the excavation, and perhaps through playing on the excavated contaminated soil piles. Exposure could also occur if sediments or surface water in Otten Pond were contaminated by the discharge of groundwater pumped from the excavation site. It is unlikely, however, that any exposures were significant enough to result in acute or long-term health effects. The possibility of vapor migration into adjacent structures also exists. III. Conclusions The vertical and lateral extent of contaminated soil and debris at the site are unknown. High levels of VOCs, lead, and petroleum products have been found in the soil. Groundwater contamination is likely, and contaminants were detected in a sample of groundwater pumped from the site and discharged to Otten Pond. Some exposure by workers and surrounding residents to site related contaminants occurred during the excavation of foundations for the proposed apartment building. While the amount of exposure is unknown, some workers experienced acute health effects likely related to exposure to VOCs. The potential also exists for vapors generated by the contaminated soil to migrate into adjacent structures. For the reasons described above, and based on the lack of information regarding the extent of the contamination, the site represents an indeterminate health hazard. IV. Recommendations 1. Additional site investigation should be conducted to determine the lateral and vertical extent of contaminated soil and debris at the site. Site investigation and, if necessary remediation, should occur prior to any construction of the proposed apartment complex. Groundwater samples should also be collected to determine the direction of groundwater flow and the extent of groundwater impacts. 2. Sediments and surface water samples should be collected in Otten Pond to determine if impacts occurred from the discharge of groundwater pumped from the excavation site. 3. The potential for vapor migration into adjacent structures should be assessed through visual inspection and the collection of air samples in areas that are most at risk such as Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry 6

9 basements or utility rooms. 4. The final locations of soils excavated and transported from the site prior to the discovery of the contamination should be documented. If the soil was not disposed of properly, or was placed in an area where direct human exposure to it could occur, samples of the soils should be collected an analyzed, especially for heavy metals such as lead. 5. The construction of the proposed apartment complex should be done in such a way as to minimize the potential for vapor migration into the structure, especially if contaminated soil is left in place at the site. 6. If contaminated soil is left in place, its location should be documented on a notice filed with the property deed. V. Public Health Action Plan The MDH s Public Health Action Plan for the site will consist of reviewing any new information on the site, working with the MPCA to facilitate the investigation of the site, and participating in public outreach activities such as the distribution of this document. Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry 7

10 VI. References ATSDR Toxicological Profile for 1,4-Dichlorobenzene. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA. December Barr 2000a. Letter Report, Lou Park II Apartments. Barr Engineering Company, March 1, Barr 2000b. Proposed Investigation Work Plan, Lou Park II Apartments. Barr Engineering Company, April 19, IT Work Plan for Characterizing Soil Pile Contamination at Lou Park Apartments. IT Corporation, January 18, MPCA Memorandum from Beth Oman to File, 14 th and Hampshire Construction Site. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. December 2, MPCA Memorandum to Kenneth Moon from Patrice Jensen concerning soil and groundwater contamination at the Lou Park II site. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. April 21, Nova Phase I Environmental Assessment, Vacant Parcel East of Hampshire Avenue. Nova Consulting Group, Inc. February 26, Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry 8

11 PREPARERS OF REPORT James Kelly Health Assessor Site Assessment and Consultation Unit Minnesota Department of Health tel: (651) Debra Gable Technical Project Officer Division of Health and Consultation State Program Section Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry 9

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15 Table 1: Soil Stockpile Sample Detections (mg/kg) LP00-1 LP00-1 LP00-2 LP00-2 LP00-2 LP00-3 LP00-3 LP00-4 LP00-5 LP00-5 MPCA Compound Name (6-8') (11-13') (2-4') (6-8') (11-13') (2-4') (6-8') (2-4') (2-4') (11-13') SRV VOCs Acetone cis-1,2-dichloroethene ,1,1-Trichloroethane Trichloroethene (TCE) Methyl isobutyl ketone Toluene Tetrachloroethene Ethyl benzene Xylene n-propylbenzene ,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ,4-Dichlorobenzene ,2-Dichlorobenzene n-butylbenzene Napthalene Isopropylbenzene 0.3 NA 4-Isopropyltoluene 0.48 NA Metals Lead Cadmium Chromium Silver Arsenic Selenium 170 Barium Mercury Bold indicates exceedance of MPCA Residential Soil Reference Value source: Barr 2000a

16 Table 1: Soil Stockpile Sample Detections, cont'd (mg/kg) LP00-2 LP00-3 LP00-5 LP00-6 LP00-7 LP00-10 LP00-11 LP00-8 LP00-8 LP00-9 LP00-9 MPCA Compound Name (2-4') (6-8') (11-13') (2-3') (5-6') ( ') ( ') SRV BNAs* Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene Phenanthrene NA Anthracene Carbazole Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene NA Chrysene NA Benzo(b,k)fluoranthene NA Benzo(a)pyrene Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene NA Dibenz(a,h)anthracene NA Benzo(g,h,i)perylene NA Metals Lead Cadmium Chromium Silver Arsenic Selenium 170 Barium Mercury Bold indicates exceedance of MPCA Residential Soil Reference Value *BNA = Base neutral extractable compounds source: Barr 2000a

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18 CERTIFICATION This Lou Park II Site Health Consultation was prepared by the Minnesota Department of Health under a cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was begun. Debra Gable Technical Project Officer, SPS, SSAB, DHAC ATSDR The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, ATSDR, has reviewed this public health consultation and concurs with the findings. Richard Gillig Chief, State Program Section, DHAC, ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry 10

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