Long-distance, long-term movements of Apennine brown bear outside its core area

Transcription

1 Long-distance, long-term movements of Apennine brown bear outside its core area Carotenuto, Pizzol, Di Clemente, Caporioni, Donfrancesco, Guj, Lecce, Monaco, Peria, Saltari, Serafini, Tarquini REGIONE LAZIO, Regional monitoring network of Ursus arctos marsicanus Davoli, ISPRA

2 WHAT Ursus arctos marsicanus (Altobello, 1921) Apennine brown bear CRITICALLY ENDANGERED very high human-induced mortality very small population high population density in a small area low genetic diversity human disturbance SOURCES: Lista Rossa Vertebrati Italiani, 2013 Piano d Azione per la Tutela dell Orso Marsicano, 2011 FinalreportsofLIFE ARCTOS, human conflicts

3 WHY FOUR KEY-POINTS (AMONG MANY!) FOR BEAR CONSERVATION Reduction of human-induced mortality Demographic increase Range expansion Adaptive management based on monitoring and scientific knowledge

4 WHERE peripheral range Latium and a beltacrossthe border with Abruzzo Map of core area and peripheral area from Action Plan for Conservation Apennine Brown Bear, ault/files/archivio/allegati/biodiv ersita/cartografia_om_modello_distr ibuzione.pdf

5 DATA COLLECTION WHEN from January 2005 to Dec. 2007: opportunisticwithoutsamplingdesign fromjanuary2008 tofebruary2014: opportunistic with sampling design: - different sampling effort in different areas - standardized system of data collection

6 DATA COLLECTION WHAT Bear signs: scats, hairs, footprints, directsightings, photos, scratch marks, feeding sites, feeding leftovers, beds, turned boulders NON INVASIVE GENETIC SAMPLING 11 loci, AMG gene for sex id. all validated and classified according to their reliability applying a set of standard criteria

7 RESULTS NUMBER OF BEAR EVENTS PER YEAR TOTAL NUMBER OF BEAR EVENTS

8 RESULTS NUMBER OF BEAR EVENTS WITH POSITIVE GENETIC RESULTS: 78.4% (GENOTYPES: 36.5%) ID no. of samples NUMBER OF IDENTIFIED GENOTYPES: SEX: ALL MALES

9 RESULTS UMBRIA BEAR EVENTS SITES ABRUZZO LAZIO

10 RESULTS GENOTYPE 65 PIAZZABÒ

11 RESULTS GENOTYPE 70 ULISSE External data from courtesy of: Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini, Università La Sapienza, Parco Naturale Regionale Sirente - Velino

12 RESULTS GENOTYPE 72 FERROIO External data from courtesy of: Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Parco Nazionale d Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise, Università La Sapienza, LIFE-ARCTOS, LIFE-Tutela Siti Natura 2000 CFS

13 RESULTS GENOTYPE 86

14 RESULTS GENOTYPE 76

15 RESULTS GENOTYPE 89

16 DISCUSSION AND HYPOTHESES BEAR EVENTS DISTRIBUTION ECOLOGICAL HOTSPOTS 1) DIFFERENT DATA COLLECTION EFFORTS 2) DIFFERENT BEHAVIOUR IN DIFFERENT AREAS? Transit areas vs dwelling areas 3) HIGHER SUITABILITY? OR SOMETHING ELSE? low levelofdisturbance in protected areas no hunting in fall and winter

17 DISCUSSION AND HYPOTHESES MOVEMENT TYPES AND DIRECTIONS SOUTH NORTH (genot. 86): EMIGRATION FROM the CORE AREA NORTH SOUTH (genot. 70, 72): IMMIGRATION TOWARDS the CORE AREA WE DON T KNOW THE EXACT ROUTES BUT A CONNECTIVITY DOES EXIST!

18 DISCUSSION AND HYPOTHESES MOVEMENT TYPES AND SEX ONLY MALES Dispersal: typical male process in most mammals (but...) Krofer et al. (2010), Caboni et al. (2010): back-and-forth movements of only males Female bear philopatry: demonstrated in many areas, i.e. Caboni et al. (2010), Zedrosser et al (2007), Swenson et al. (1998) Reproductive advantage of males growing in the peripheral area (no resource competition): do theycome back tofemalesstrongerand more appealing? fanta-ethology!!!! GDC

19 DISCUSSION AND HYPOTHESES WHAT ABOUT FEMALES? 1 event, 1 corresponding genotype in 2003 in peripheral area 72 events, 8 genotypesin the outermost sector of core area in lessthanfouryears SOURCE AREA FOR FUTURE PERIPHERAL FEMALES?

20 MANAGEMENT DIRECTIONS Need for much more: 1) territory surveillance 2) new approach for large scale land protection 3) public bodies: coordination, early warningand rapidresponse, proactive actions MANAGEMENT OF PERIPHERAL RANGE

21 TAKE HOME MESSAGES Long-distance, long-term movements documented for the first time in the Apennines from and toward the core area protected areas as stepping stones High number of genotypes (6) in the peripheral range, all males

22 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS Personnel of Simbruini Regional Park, Duchessa Regional Reserve, Posta Fibreno Regional Reserve: theirfield work is unvaluable Patrizia Giangregorio (ISPRA) Massimiliano De Persis, Francesco Culicelli, Daniele Valfré Cinzia Sulli, Leonardo Gentile (PNALM) Paolo Ciucci, Elisabetta Tosoni (Univ. La Sapienza) Many officers of Corpo Forestale dello Stato Riserva Zompo lo Schioppo