Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA

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1 Dr Rattanawan Mungkung Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University 1

2 Amount of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, expressed in terms of kg CO 2 equivalent (kg CO 2 e) Raw material extraction Manufacturing Distribution Consumption Waste disposal =? kg CO 2 e GHG emissions arising from consumption of importing goods and services are greater than the emissions actually produced in the country GHG emissions i of several products are maximum during the use phase, not the production processing phase Product carbon footprinting helps to identify hotspots in the whole life cycle so that reduction options can be pursued globally Product Service Measuring GHG emissions (carbon footprint) Setting target and reducing carbon emissions Communicating carbon footprint to businesses (B2B) or end consumers (B2C) Organisation 2

3 Benchmark for measuring and communicating emission reductions Prioritised areas of carbon reduction (i.e. cost saving opportunities) Decisions on suppliers, materials, and product designs Demonstrate environmental leadership/csr Fulfill market requirements Distinguish products among green consumers Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040, ISO 14044) with the particular focus on Global Warming Potential Existing ISO (ISO 14025, and ISO 14064) National standards: PAS 2050: 2008 (UK) Bilan Carbone (France) Japanese guideline e (Japan) Korean guideline (Korea) Thai guideline (being developed) ISO (Part I Quantification; Part II Communication) to be launched in 2010 Setting objective Choosing product Defining boundary Building process map Collecting data Calculating CF Reducing carbon footprint high level analysis Communication precise data third party verification Largest emission reduction opportunities Most important from a differentiation or competitive perspective Most aligned brand/product with potential emission reductions and marketing opportunities Support from associated suppliers Impacts on key stakeholders Availability of resources and time 3

4 Product s measureable performance Raw material extraction Manufacturing Distribution Basis for product comparison =? kg CO 2 e B2B Consideration of efficiency, life span, and quality aspects Raw material extraction Manufacturing Distribution Consumption Waste disposal =? kg CO 2 e B2C Who are the key suppliers, retailers, waste management companies? What information can they provide? How willing and/or able are they to support the project, e.g. are there any commercial sensitivities with the information they are being asked to provide? Who will take responsibility for the relationships? Activity data All the material and energy amounts involved in the product s life cycle (material inputs and outputs, energy used, transport, etc.) Emission factors GWP of GHGs compared to CO 2 EFs provide the link that converts these quantities into the resulting GHG emissions: the amount of greenhouse gases emitted per unit of activity data (e.g. kg GHGs per kg input or per kwh energy used) 4

5 Sum of all materials, energy and waste across all activities in a product s life cycle multiplied by their emission factors GHG GWP 100 years (IPCC, 2007) CO 2 1 CH 4 25 N 2 O 298 Carbon footprint = Activity data (mass/volume/kwh/km) Emission factor (CO 2 e per unit) HFCs ,800 PFCs 7,390 12,200 SF 6 22,800 Independent third party certification accredited body will review the process used to estimate the carbon footprint, check the data sources and calculations and certify whether PAS 2050 has been used correctly and whether the assessment has achieved conformity required ed for external e communication ca o Other party verification non accredited third parties should demonstrate compliance with recognised standards for certification bodies and provide for external validation on request Self verification if choosing to self verify, follow the method outlined in ISO To assess GHG emissions and identify options for reducing GHG emissions IQF shrimp because of highest form of exporting A consumer package (1 pound, or 453 grams) of IQF shrimp hi 5

6 Broodstock Water, Energy Hatchery Post larvae Feed Wastewater Feed ingred. Post larvae Water, Energy Chemicals Farm Shrimp Wastewater Feed mill Pellet feeds B2B or B2C? Shrimp Liquid N2/CO2 Packaging Processing IQF shrimp Wastewater Inputs/ Outputs Wastes Process Petrol Distribution IQF shrimp Air emissions Electricity Consumption Food/Packaging waste Wastes Disposal Air emissions 6

7 Primary data Primary data from hatchery, farm, feed mill, and processing plant in terms of amount of raw materials, energy consumption, wastewater quality, and waste generation Secondary data Production of raw materials (e.g. artemia cyst, soybean, fishmeal, liquid N 2 /CO 2,etc.) Production of Thai electricity (including extraction or primary energy resources) (mode of transport, distance to transport, carrying capacity per trip) kg CO 2 e Carbon footprint of 453 g IQF shrimp Waste disposal Consumption Distribution Packaging Processing Farm Hatchery Farm is the key life cycle stage contributing highest impacts Use of aerator for maintaining an optimal oxygen level in shrimp ponds, and use of pellet feed to stimulate the shrimp s growth are the main activities causing high impact on GWP Optimal aerator operation and FCR (Food Conversion Ratio) 7

8 For product differentiation For brand enhancement For Corporate Social Responsibility Low carbon seal Carbon rating Carbon score On pack label Point of sale information CSR, Annual report Brochure (or supporting leaflet) Catalogue Website information 8

9 Casino developed I Indice Carbone Label by using LCA with the support from the Bio Intelligence Service (Bio IS) E. Leclerc developed E. Leclerc s Carbon Labelling by using LCA with the support from the Greenext The French Environment and Energy Agency (ADEME) developed Bilan Carbone Climatop label Hybrid EIO LCA Firstly implemented by Migros with the support from Myclimate Company Product Carbon Footprinting ( PCF ) Pilot projects conducted by WWF, Science Insitutes Öko Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology), Postdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), THEMA1 and large companies Using ISO 14040/44 Main purpose is not to develop an own method of PCF, but How practical are the method up to now? What findings support the development of a consistent internationally accepted methodology? How can PCF results be presented to consumers in a simple, credible and relevant to promoting climate conscious consumption habits? 9

10 All life cycle stages Different use patterns should be considered in case that theuse phase has asignificant influence on PCF Shopping tour has a significant influence on PCF for some cases Capital goods may be relevant for certain products and should be defined in PCR Mass/economic allocation yields significant different results, this issues should be looked at closely Inclusion of green power Treatment of air transport Treatment of carbon offsetting Climate friendly label Carbon label scheme is developed by the Swedish Organic Standard Association (KRAV) Firstly applied in local food products Certify Carbon Free Label developed by the Carbon Fund and the Edinburgh Centre for Carbon Management by using ISO 14040/44/64 and Carbon Trust s Carbon Footprint Measurement Methodology Climate Conscious Lbl Label developed d by the California-based Climate Conservancy: Gold, Silver, Bronze Coca Cola & PepsiCo is now working with Carbon Trust Carbon Counted label, displaying carbon score ISO 14064, & PAS and use the CarbonConnect database 40 pilot projects 10

11 Greenhouse gas emission certificate: certification of carbon footprint for products and can be referred to as carbon emission baseline for the product. Low carbon certificate: certifies that the greenhouse gas emission certified goods satisfy the minimum reduction target presented by the government based on the Carbon footprint labelling of the good concerned The China Energy Conservation Investment Corporation (CECIC) is working with Carbon Trust, UK PAS 2050: pilot projects, focusing on the exporting goods Thailand Greenhouse Gag Management Organisation (Public Company) & Thailand Environmental Institute Criteria Reduction of GHG at least 10% from 2002 to the latest 12 months (company s gate only) Bio energy at least 95% Advance technology considered separately 25 products with carbon reduction label GHG emissions in terms of CO 2 e Commitment of GHG reduction 11

12 Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organisation (Public Company) & National Metals and Material Technology Centre Life cycle GHG emissions with considerations of PAS 2050 and available national guidelines 25 pioneering companies (expected to be launched in November 2009) Steamed oven chicken diced Canned tuna in sunflower oil Chicken snack Sep08 Mar09 Jasmine rice 100% (AA grade) Dried rice vermicelli/noodle May08 Aug09 Dec08 Apr09 Carbon footprint calculator Canned pineapple in syrup Feb Nov09 12

13 JERHIGH Chicken stick Jasmine rice 100% (early season) GOLDEN PHENIX Instant rice vermicelli Khiaw Wan Tuna SEALECT COTTO Wall tiles CP Chicken meats Glutinous rice flour CP Grilled chicken teriyaki Concentrated pineapple juice Scope of emission Six GHGs (Kyoto Protocol) or all GHGs? Life cycle stages B2B/B2C & use phase? System boundary Capital goods, transport of workers/consumers, cut off, PCR? Offsetting Offsetting included? Data sources Primary & secondary data requirement, data quality? Allocation System expansion & Economic/mass allocation? End of life Recycled scenarios? Carbon storage Carbon storage, carbon capture, carbon sequestration? Land use change GHG emissions from land use change included? Type of carbon labelling Low carbon, carbon rating, carbon score? B2B & B2C Only put label on finished products? Group products Average CF for group products? Specific or average CF Average CF of >1 production sites Average CF of several destinations Comparing CF across countries Level of technology, energy sources, etc. Is carbon footprint ENOUGH to compare products Will consumers choose based on carbon footprint? CF can be a useful tool to assess GHG emissions of aquaculture products leading to the identification of strategies to reduce GHG emissions CL of aquaculture products have a potential to meet the market requirement and to enhance competitiveness, as well as to promote carbonconscious consumption Required suppliers engagement or inventory databases or secondary data for aquaculture such as fishmeal/crop production, chemical production, electricity production, liquid N 2 /CO 2 production, etc. Required expertise in LCA of aquaculture Process oriented certification or productoriented labelling easy to understand and more effective? 13