GCSE BITESIZE examinations. General Certificate of Secondary Education. Specimen paper SCIENCE A212/02. Modules B2 P2 C2 HIGHER TIER.

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1 GCSE BITESIZE examinations General Certificate of Secondary Education Specimen paper SCIENCE A212/02 Modules B2 P2 C2 HIGHER TIER Time: 40 minutes The maximum mark for this paper is 42. Mark allocations are shown in brackets. Instructions to candidates Read each question carefully and make sure that you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Answer all the questions. Candidates answer on the question paper. Additional materials (enclosed): None Calculators may be used. Additional materials: Pencil Ruler (cm/mm) 1

2 1. Modern downhill ski boots are made from many different materials. (a) Put a ring around the two most important properties of the plastic outer shell. flexible hard high melting point insulator strong (b) Put a ring around the two most important properties of the neoprene inner liner. flexible hard high melting point insulator strong 2. These models represent the structure of four different chemicals. Each shade of grey represents a different chemical element. A B C D (a) Which model represents propane, C 3 H 8? (b) Which two models are hydrocarbons? and 2

3 3. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. It can be separated by distillation. (a) Tick ( ) two boxes which show how and why the compounds separate. Large molecules absorb heat better. Molecules with a large surface area are broken up easily. Small molecules have weak intermolecular forces. Small molecules need less energy to break them apart. 3

4 (b) Small ethene molecules can be made to join together to create a larger molecule. Tick ( ) the box which best describes this reaction. combustion fractional distillation polymerisation thermal decomposition (c) Crude oil can be used to make fuels or plastics. Describe how the Life Cycle Assessment is different if crude oil is used to make plastic, rather than being burnt as a fuel

5 4. Amjit and Gita stretched strips of a plastic bag. Here are the results: Mass added (g) Stretch (mm) Set 1 Set 2 Set snapped snapped 700 snapped (a) Amjit thinks the results for 500 g are unreliable. Gita thinks the results for 500 g are fine. Look at these statements. A B C D the range is 5 mm which is greater than the other ranges the calculated average is 19 mm one reading for the 500 g results is an outlier the average is greater than the average for the previous reading Which two statements support Amjit? Which one statement supports Gita? (b) The plastic strips were from the same bag, and were all the same size, but they did not all snap with the same mass. Suggest why?... 5

6 5. (a) The electromagnetic spectrum is made up of families of waves. This is an alphabetic list: Gamma Infrared Microwave Radio Ultra-violet Visible light X-ray Put these in the order of the energy they deliver. Some have been done for you. Gamma Ultra-violet Visible light Highest energy Lowest energy (b) Many people watch television via a satellite link. Label the diagram using these words. You need to use one word twice. detector receiver transmitter (c) Why are satellites needed for long-distance transmissions?... (d) The packets of energy delivered by electromagnetic waves are called: electrons photons pulses sieverts 6

7 (e) (i) A light bulb emits radiation. Tick ( ) the boxes which best describe why wave intensity decreases with distance. Light is an energy form, so it transferred to other types. Light radiation is ionising. Radiation spreads out and is absorbed by the air. Radiation is just spread out from the source. (ii) Radiation decreases according to the inverse square law. This means that if the distance is doubled, the amount decreases by a ¼. A light bulb gives out 80W/m 2 of energy at a distance of 1 metre. At what distance would the intensity be 20W/m 2? Tick ( ) the correct box. 1.5m 2m 4m 8m 6. The following information is from the Cancer Research UK website. Sunburnt holiday-makers boost their chances of fatal skin cancer 3 April 2007 A third of young British holiday-makers will double their chances of developing the most fatal form of skin cancer this summer because they plan to get burnt on the beach. A national survey by Cancer Research UK, to launch its 2007 SunSmart campaign, found that 30 per cent of 16- to 24-year-olds said they were certain to get sunburnt on their summer holiday. And a further 30 per cent said they might get sunburnt. The survey questioned 2,000 men and women of all ages, throughout Britain, about their sunbathing habits. Overall, more than a quarter of adults (27 per cent) thought getting burnt was all part of getting a tan. Almost a fifth (19 per cent) said they planned to get burnt, and a further 21 per cent said they might. 7

8 (a) Sunbathing always carries a risk of skin damage or worse. According to the article, how many 16- to 24-years-olds might ignore this risk? % (b) Which correlation is suggested by the article? Tick ( ) the correct box. 30 per cent of 16- to 24-year-olds will get burnt Burning doubles the chance of skin cancer Many adults believe you need to burn to tan Many people ignore the risks (c) Cancer UK suggests sunbathers need to stick to the ALARA principle. What does ALARA stand for? A... L... A... R... A The temperature on Earth is increasing. (a) Many people believe this is due to the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Name two other greenhouse gases? and (b) Many people also believe human activity is to blame for carbon dioxide emissions. Name two human activities that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? and (c) An increased Greenhouse Effect could melt the ice caps, raising sea levels and flooding low-lying land. Name one other problem an increased Greenhouse Effect would cause? 8

9 8. (a) White blood cells can destroy microorganisms by making antibodies. Tick ( ) one other way they can do this. Engulfing and digesting them Making toxins to destroy them Producing immune suppressants Releasing digestive enzymes (b) The first time you get an infection, you can get ill, and it takes your body some time to fight the infection and destroy it. If you catch the same infection again, your body can respond much faster, and it can often kill-off the infection before you know you have it. The following sentences show the stages of fighting off an infection you have had before. They are not in the correct order. A B C D E Antibodies are released into the blood. Antibodies lock onto the antigen. The correct antibody is made quickly. The microorganism s antigen shape is recognised and labelled. The microorganism is destroyed. The correct order is: E (3 marks) (c) The Red Cross warns that 14 African countries face a major meningitis epidemic. (i) What is the meningitis vaccine? Tick the correct box. An antibody for meningitis An anti-toxin A general anti-viral injection A safe form of meningitis bacteria 9

10 (ii) Why does a very high percentage of the population need to be vaccinated to prevent an epidemic?... (iii) AIDS is another major epidemic in Africa. It is caused by the HIV virus. Tick ( ) the boxes that show why an effective vaccine for HIV is difficult to produce. The virus damages the immune system. The virus mutates rapidly. Vaccines would not stop HIV from causing AIDS. Vaccines do not work on viruses. 9. Heart disease is increasing in the UK. Many people believe the risk is linked to lifestyle factors, such as smoking and poor diet. (a) Name another lifestyle factor which might be involved? (b) The table below shows the percentage of cardiovascular deaths (CVD) linked to smoking among adults aged 35 to 69. Country % Men % Women France 29 6 Germany Hungary Italy 25 6 Norway Poland Spain 27 2 UK

11 (i) Using this data only, which of the following are true? Tick ( ) the correct boxes. Smoking always leads to CVD. Hungary has the highest percentage of CVD deaths linked to smoking Smoking levels are high in the 35-to-69 age range. In Europe, it is likely that more men smoke than women. (ii) Suggest what other information would be useful to develop the argument that smoking and CVD are linked (a) Blind and double blind testing is often used to trial new medications. Double blind testing involves: Giving a placebo to some subjects, but telling them it is the real drug. Giving a subject the real drug for some time, and then switching to a placebo. Neither the evaluator nor the subject knowing which drugs are real and which are placebos. Only the evaluator knows which items are placebos, and not the subject. (b) Apart from finding out if the new drug works, why do new drugs need to be tested? END OF QUESTION PAPER 11

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