Composting and dry sanitation toilets

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Composting and dry sanitation toilets"

Transcription

1 Composting and dry sanitation toilets P. D. Jenssen Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology The Norwegian University of Life Sciences Appropriate sanitaion in the developing world. August 15, 2005

2 Systems with source separation P.D. Jenssen 2005

3 Systems with source separation P.D. Jenssen 2005

4 Pit toilets A: Pit toilet B: VIP toilet C: Pour flush toilet

5 Systems with source separation P.D. Jenssen 2005

6 Composting toilet

7 Dehydration - composting toilets Enviroloo, South Africa

8 Composting toilets A B C A: single chamber B. Dual chamber C: Removable compartments

9 Composting toilet Major toilet type in Norwegian cottages ( cottages) Commonly used in rural homes in Norway Used in many other settings world wide

10 Systems with source separation P.D. Jenssen 2005

11 Pit toilets A: Pit toilet B: VIP toilet C: Pour flush toilet

12 Systems with source separation P.D. Jenssen 2005

13 Urine diverting toilets Double flush Single flush

14 Single flush urine diverting toilet

15 Waterless urinals Kastrup airport Copenhagen

16 Composting toilet

17 Urine divertion and dry composting of fecal matter Tingvall conference center Sweden

18 Urine divertion and dry composting of fecal matter Tingvall conference center Sweden

19 Composting toilet Removes: 90% of N 60-90% of P 40-60% of BOD

20 Composting toilet Reduces toilet waste to: % of original volume Del Porto and Steinfeld 1999)

21 Composting toilet Volume reduction: 70-90% 550 down to 55 liters (Del Porto and Steinfeld 1999)

22 Composting toilet at roadside facility - Sweden Clean odourless toilets

23 Composting toilet at roadside facility - Sweden

24 Vent pipe Composting toilet Collection/composting compartment Liquid overflow collection

25 NH 3 Composting toilet Nitrogen loss To wet/dry Hygiene

26 Composting toilet To much liquid Nitrogen loss To wet/ (dry) Hygiene

27 Composting toilet Nitrogen loss To wet/dry Hygiene - flies

28 Composting toilet A composting toilet requires care and daily maintenance! Addition of bulking Material (composting) Addition of absorbing Material (dry)

29 Composting toilet Nitrogen loss To wet/dry Hygiene - flies - no system above 43 o C Maximum 43 o C (Engen 1989)

30 Composting toilet Nitrogen loss To wet/dry Hygiene - flies - no system above 43 o C - risk of handling

31 Composting toilets - some challenges Minimize risk when handling/emptying Ensure a hygienized compost Minimizing the nitrogen loss during composting of nitrogen-rich waste (no urine diversion) Minimizing the odour emission during composting

32 Secondary composting Secondary composting Final hygienized product

33 Secondary composting Compost laboratory

34 The composting bioreactor Air flow Compost x Screen Liquid container Vacuum pump

35 The composting bioreactor Total volume 750 liter Compost x Screen Liquid container Vacuum pump

36 The compost bioreactor Return of process water Total volume 750 liter Compost x Screen Liquid container Vacuum pump

37 Input to the composting bioreactor Composition of compost material in Reactor 2 11 % 9 % EXCRETA kg FOOD WASTE - 49 kg 15 % BARK (initial) - 37 kg 65 % BARK (added) - 31 kg

38 Influence of time and temperature on destroying pathogens in excreta Temperature ( 0 C) Shigella 55 Taenia Ascaris Vibrio cholera e Salmonella Hookworms 20 Time 1 day 1 week 1 month 1 year Figure 1: Influence of time and temperature on destroying pathogens in excreta (Feachem et al.,1983).

39 Temperature in compost vs. time REACTOR 2 65,0 1,00E+10 60,0 1,00E+09 55,0 50,0 1,00E+08 45,0 1,00E+07 Temp o C Temperatur [ 0 C] 40,0 35,0 30,0 25,0 UNSAFE SAFE Total coliforms 1,00E+06 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 Coliforms [MPN] 20,0 Thermo-tolerant coliforms 1,00E+03 15,0 10,0 E.coli Safety level 1,00E+02 5,0 Mean compost temperature 1,00E+01 0, Days / / Days 1,00E+00

40 Results Temp vs.time Run no.1 Temp vs.time Run no.2 REACTOR - 1 REACTOR Temperature [ 0 C] Temperature [ 0 C] Days / / Days / / Day Coliforms (MPN) Total (37 o C) Thermo-tolerant (44 o C) E. coli (44 o C) X X X X X X X 10 8 <2.0 X X X X X X X X X X X 10 4 <2.0 X 10 4 <2.0 X 10 4 Day Coliforms (MPN) Total (37 o C) Thermo-tolerant (44 o C) E. coli (44 o C) X X X X X 10 8 <2.0 X X 10 7 <2.0 X 10 6 <2.0 X X 10 5 <2.0 X 10 5 <2.0 X X 10 4 <2.0 X 10 4 <2.0 X 10 4

41 Temperature vs. time 60 REACTOR Reactor Top Middle Bottom Surface Room Bark Mixing Process water 40 Temperature [ 0 C] Days / /

42 The compost bioreactor - process control Return of process water amount and frequency Compost x Screen Liquid container Vacuum pump

43 The compost bioreactor - process control Return of process water amount and frequency Compost x Screen Liquid container Vacuum pump

44 The compost bioreactor - process control Compost x Pumping frequency Screen Liquid container Vacuum pump

45 Ammonia volatilization NH 3 NH 4 +

46 The compost bioreactor - process control Temperature [ 0 C] REACTOR - 2 Reactor Top Middle Bottom Surface Room Bark Mixing Process water Recycling of process water Controlling air flow Addition of bulking material Days / /

47 The compost bioreactor - process control Recycling of process water Controlling air flow Addition of bulking material Manual mixing

48 Conclusions Compost x A composting bioreactor for processing of human excreta with other biodegradable organic waste is developed

49 Conclusions Compost x The composting bioreactor reduce the nitrogen loss compared to windrow composting, thus producing a more valuable compost

50 Conclusions Temperatur [ 0 C] 65,0 60,0 55,0 50,0 45,0 40,0 35,0 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 REACTOR 2 1,00E+10 1,00E+09 1,00E+08 1,00E+07 UNSAFE 1,00E+06 1,00E+05 SAFE 1,00E+04 Total coliforms Thermo-tolerant coliforms 1,00E+03 E.coli 1,00E+02 Safety level Mean compost temperature 1,00E+01 1,00E Days / / Coliforms [MPN] Secondary composting can produce a safe soil amendment in about two months in contrast to the generally recommended six months

51 Conclusions Secondary composting opens for professional collection and treatment of material from composting toiletsthus reducing risk

52 Thank you

Lance DeClue, REHS Environmental Health Specialist II County of San Diego Department of Environmental Health

Lance DeClue, REHS Environmental Health Specialist II County of San Diego Department of Environmental Health Lance DeClue, REHS Environmental Health Specialist II County of San Diego Department of Environmental Health Basic OWTS system design and function OWTS maintenance OWTS failures & repairs OWTS-STS (Supplemental

More information

Alternatives to Conventional Wastewater Treatment

Alternatives to Conventional Wastewater Treatment An Overview of Greywater, Composting, Communal Systems, and Other Options. This discussion will include: Greywater Systems Composting Systems Community Systems Other Systems Greywater Systems Greywater

More information

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW...

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW... ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW... What do you know about your septic tank system? For the purposes of this booklet, a septic tank system refers to any kind of on-site sewage management system including traditional

More information

Quality requirements and quality assurance of digestion residuals in Germany

Quality requirements and quality assurance of digestion residuals in Germany Quality requirements and quality assurance of digestion residuals in Germany DR. STEFANIE SIEBERT Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost e.v., Germany Biowaste, digestate products, manure, quality label, renewable

More information

Bio-Clean. for Septic Systems. Tips for Using Bio-Clean. Page Index METRIC CONVERSIONS

Bio-Clean. for Septic Systems. Tips for Using Bio-Clean. Page Index METRIC CONVERSIONS Bio-Clean for Septic Systems METRIC CONVERSIONS 1 tablespoon = 15ml 1/4 cup = 57 ml 1/3 cup = 76 ml 1/2 cup = 114 ml 1 pint = 1/2 litre 1 quart = 1 litre 1/2 gallon = 2 litres 1 gallon = 4 litres 1 pound

More information

Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN An Environmental Management Plan is prepared for construction phase, post construction phase (commissioning & operation) and for post project

More information

DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SYSTEMS

DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SYSTEMS Environmental PROTECTION Systems DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SYSTEMS Highest quality sewage treatment systems from the name you can trust Hynds Aerated Wastewater Systems Hynds Lifestyle Systems are an elite range

More information

Experts Review of Aerobic Treatment Unit Operation and Maintenance. Bruce Lesikar Texas AgriLife Extension Service

Experts Review of Aerobic Treatment Unit Operation and Maintenance. Bruce Lesikar Texas AgriLife Extension Service Experts Review of Aerobic Treatment Unit Operation and Maintenance Bruce Lesikar Texas AgriLife Extension Service Overview Overview of Aerobic Treatment Units Installing for accessibility to system components

More information

Collection and disposal of wastewater

Collection and disposal of wastewater 10 Collection and disposal of wastewater 10.1 Characteristics and hazards of wastewater from health-care establishments Wastewater from health-care establishments is of a similar quality to urban wastewater,

More information

MAINTENANCE OF SMALL WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND IRRIGATION SCHEMES

MAINTENANCE OF SMALL WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND IRRIGATION SCHEMES MAINTENANCE OF SMALL WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND IRRIGATION SCHEMES John van Rijn INDEVELOPMENT MAINTENANCE OF SMALL WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND IRRIGATION SCHEMES Any part of this publication may be

More information

The ECN Concept for Quality Assurance of Compost

The ECN Concept for Quality Assurance of Compost The ECN Concept for Quality Assurance of Compost The ECN Quality Assurance Scheme 1 Targets and Structure of ECN-QAS 2 Quality Assurance Organisations 3 The ECN-QAS for Compost The ECN - Quality Assurance

More information

Attachment G-1: Pit Latrine Diagram. Fig E.1a: Pit Latrine. Fig E.1b: Plan View of Twin Pits

Attachment G-1: Pit Latrine Diagram. Fig E.1a: Pit Latrine. Fig E.1b: Plan View of Twin Pits Attachment G-1: Pit Latrine Diagram Fig E.1a: Pit Latrine Fig E.1b: Plan View of Twin Pits Fig E.1c: Section of a water-sealed pan Fig E.1d: 3D view of Overflow Pipe Fig E.1e: 2D view of Overflow Pipe

More information

COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.

COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. 2101 South IH-35, Suite 400 Austin, TX 78741 Ph: (800) 654-3342 FAX: (512) 444-2313 www.ces-txvi.com Community Environmental Services, Inc. (CES) is a small civil-environmental

More information

ENGINEERING REPORT Sewage Treatment System

ENGINEERING REPORT Sewage Treatment System CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS 7A Barbados Avenue, Kingston 5, Jamaica, Tele: (876) 754-2154/5 Fax: (876) 754-2156 E-mail: mail@fcsconsultants.com GORE FLORENCE HALL DEVELOPMENT FCS # 0827/76/C

More information

Easy as 1-2-3 instructions on how to install or replace the Cleanviro waterless urinal tablet

Easy as 1-2-3 instructions on how to install or replace the Cleanviro waterless urinal tablet Easy as 1-2-3 instructions on how to install or replace the Cleanviro waterless urinal tablet 1. FOR NEW INSTALLATION, TURN OFF THE MAIN WATER SUPPLY OF THE URINAL AND DRAIN THE WATER TANK BY FLUSHING

More information

A HOMEOWNERS GUIDE ON-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

A HOMEOWNERS GUIDE ON-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SECTION A HOMEOWNERS GUIDE TO ON-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS March 12, 2002 WHAT IS AN ON-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM An on-site sewage management

More information

ReUseWaste WP6.3 Assessment of soil quality effects and nutrient availability of manure ash and biochar based biofertilisers

ReUseWaste WP6.3 Assessment of soil quality effects and nutrient availability of manure ash and biochar based biofertilisers ReUseWaste WP6.3 Assessment of soil quality effects and nutrient availability of manure ash and biochar based biofertilisers Athanasios Pantelopoulos Faculty of Science Department of Plant and Environmental

More information

PIT LATRINE ADDITIVES: LABORATORY AND FIELD TRIALS

PIT LATRINE ADDITIVES: LABORATORY AND FIELD TRIALS PIT LATRINE ADDITIVES: LABORATORY AND FIELD TRIALS B.F. Bakare 1, CF NWANERI 1, K.M. Foxon 1, C.J. Brouckaert 1, D. Still 2 and C.A. Buckley 1 1 Pollution Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering,

More information

Type of Sewer Systems. Solomon Seyoum

Type of Sewer Systems. Solomon Seyoum Type of Sewer Systems Solomon Seyoum 0 Learning objectives Upon completion of this lecture, the participants will be able to differentiate between types of sewer systems and discuss different aspects of

More information

Benzie Leelanau District Health Department

Benzie Leelanau District Health Department Benzie Leelanau District Health Department Benzie Leelanau District Health Department Tri county Health Dept. Until 1990. G.T. County H.D. contract until 1996. Environmental Health regulations adopted

More information

RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS

RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS EFFLUENT SAMPLING FOR RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS For various reasons, many wastewater treatment systems periodically require effluent sampling and characterization. Whether sampling is done to verify

More information

Poultry manure as a substrate for methane fermentation: problems and solutions

Poultry manure as a substrate for methane fermentation: problems and solutions Poultry manure as a substrate for methane fermentation: problems and solutions Robert Mazur Ph.D., Jakbu Mazurkiewicz M.Sc. eng. Andrzej Lewicki M.Sc. Eng, Sebastian Kujawiak M.Sc. Eng Poznan University

More information

DID YOU KNOW... THE IMPACT OF ON-SITE SEWAGE SYSTEMS AND ILLICIT DISCHARGES ON THE ROUGE RIVER

DID YOU KNOW... THE IMPACT OF ON-SITE SEWAGE SYSTEMS AND ILLICIT DISCHARGES ON THE ROUGE RIVER DID YOU KNOW... THE IMPAT OF ON-SITE SEWAGE SYSTEMS AND ILLIIT DISHARGES ON THE ROUGE RIVER by Barry Johnson, P.E., M.S., amp Dresser & McKee and Dean Tuomari, Wayne ounty Department of Environment The

More information

Cleaning and Sanitation

Cleaning and Sanitation CLEANING AND SANITATION Cleaning and Sanitation GORDON FOOD SERVICE Training Updated February 2011 Purpose Objectives To provide information needed to practice good cleaning and sanitizing methods in the

More information

Help protect our special places by maintaining your septic tank

Help protect our special places by maintaining your septic tank Help protect our special places by maintaining your septic tank BC3136 A septic tank guide Help protect our special places Rural Auckland is a special place, but the remoteness also means that many homes

More information

Maine Department of Environmental Protection Program Guidance On Combined Sewer Overflow Facility Plans

Maine Department of Environmental Protection Program Guidance On Combined Sewer Overflow Facility Plans Maine Department of Environmental Protection Program Guidance On Combined Sewer Overflow Facility Plans OVERVIEW The objective of a Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Facility Plan is to abate CSO discharges

More information

Cholera / Response / 1. Response to an Epidemic of Cholera

Cholera / Response / 1. Response to an Epidemic of Cholera Cholera / Response / 1 Response to an Epidemic of Cholera Goal of Response Activities Reduce deaths good case management mobilizing staff and supplies increasing access to care Prevent new cases intensive

More information

Testing Waste Water for Fecal Coliforms and/or E.coli using Colilert and Colilert -18 & Quanti-Tray

Testing Waste Water for Fecal Coliforms and/or E.coli using Colilert and Colilert -18 & Quanti-Tray Testing Waste Water for Fecal Coliforms and/or E.coli using Colilert and Colilert -18 & Quanti-Tray Gil Dichter World Wide Technical Support Manager, Water www.idexx.com/water 1 FOR ALL OF YOU WHO ARE

More information

Bio-CNG plant. Spectrum Renewable Energy Limited, Kodoli, Kolhapur

Bio-CNG plant. Spectrum Renewable Energy Limited, Kodoli, Kolhapur Bio-CNG plant Spectrum Renewable Energy Limited, Kodoli, Kolhapur Spectrum Renewable Energy Private Limited (SREL) developed a large scale biogas generation and bottling project at Kodoli near Kolhapur

More information

aquateam Aquateam - Norwegian Water Technology Centre A/S Report no: 02-051 Project no: O-02033 Project manager: Dr. Bjørn Rusten.

aquateam Aquateam - Norwegian Water Technology Centre A/S Report no: 02-051 Project no: O-02033 Project manager: Dr. Bjørn Rusten. Feasibility study of biological wastewater treatment plants with Salsnes Filter fine mesh sieve primary treatment compared to plants without primary treatment Aquateam - Norwegian Water Technology Centre

More information

CERTIFYING DRAINLAYER

CERTIFYING DRAINLAYER No. 9198 REGISTRATION EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER 2013 CERTIFYING DRAINLAYER ANSWER SCHEDULE Plumbers, Gasfitters and Drainlayers Board, 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced

More information

No-Flush Urinals PRESERVING GLOBAL WATER

No-Flush Urinals PRESERVING GLOBAL WATER No-Flush Urinals PRESERVING GLOBAL WATER Why Waterless No-Flush Urinals? For a quarter century, Waterless Co. Inc. has been the inventor, pioneer and driver in the waterless urinal fixture industry. The

More information

MARICOPA COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CODE

MARICOPA COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CODE MARICOPA COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CODE CHAPTER II SEWAGE AND WASTES SECTION 6 CHEMICAL TOILETS, PORTABLE RESTROOM UNITS, PORTABLE WASTE HOLDING TANKS REGULATION 1. Definitions a. "Chemical toilet" means

More information

Production and Marketing of Organic Fertilizer and Compost Manufactured at the Çamli Besicilik Composting and Pelletizing Facility

Production and Marketing of Organic Fertilizer and Compost Manufactured at the Çamli Besicilik Composting and Pelletizing Facility Production and Marketing of Organic Fertilizer and Compost Manufactured at the Çamli Besicilik Composting and Pelletizing Facility Lewis M. Naylor Black & Veatch Corp. International Executive Service Corps

More information

Community-managed latrines

Community-managed latrines Part of a series of WaterAid technology briefs. Available online at www.wateraid.org/ technologies January 2013 Introduction are technically very similar to individual latrines, except they are larger

More information

Planning and Installing an Onsite Wastewater Management System

Planning and Installing an Onsite Wastewater Management System Replaces pages 27 to 32 of "The Cottager's Handbook for Manitoba Provincial Parks", Third Edition, distributed by Manitoba Conservation Planning and Installing an Onsite Wastewater Management System All

More information

What Is An On-Lot Sewage Disposal System?

What Is An On-Lot Sewage Disposal System? What Is An On-Lot Sewage Disposal System? Most rural homes and communities in Monroe County are not served by a public sewer system. In order to dispose of the wastewater (sewage) generated by homes and

More information

Who is responsible for making sure that wastewater is treated properly?

Who is responsible for making sure that wastewater is treated properly? WASTEWATER TREATMENT What is wastewater? Wastewater is water that has been used and must be treated before it is released into another body of water, so that it does not cause further pollution of water

More information

Mystic River Watershed Association Water Quality Monitoring: Malden River May 28 th 2002

Mystic River Watershed Association Water Quality Monitoring: Malden River May 28 th 2002 Mystic River Watershed Association Water Quality Monitoring: Malden River May 28 th 2002 Introduction The Mystic River Watershed Association, through its Mystic Monitoring Network (MMN) program, has been

More information

Septic Systems and Their Maintenance

Septic Systems and Their Maintenance Septic Systems and Their Maintenance Why Use a Septic System? Septic systems are used when sewage treatment plants are not accessible. They safely treat and dispose of wastewaters produced in the bathroom,

More information

Dry Toilet Projects from backyard to indoors

Dry Toilet Projects from backyard to indoors Ode to Dry Toilet Dry Toilet Projects from backyard to indoors Kati Hinkkanen A fervent plea to One and All Whenever you feel Nature call Make you deposit in the bin Then put on scoop of peat moss in We

More information

Composting Program: Lafayette College, Easton, PA. December 5, 2013. Presenters: Stacey Dorn 12

Composting Program: Lafayette College, Easton, PA. December 5, 2013. Presenters: Stacey Dorn 12 Composting Program: Lafayette College, Easton, PA December 5, 2013 Presenters: Stacey Dorn 12 May 2010 George Xiques, Plant Operations Arthur D. Kney, Assoc. Prof and Dept. Head Easton, PA Problem #1 Food

More information

K12 Healthy Schools Program

K12 Healthy Schools Program K12 Healthy Schools Program The K 12 Health Schools Audit Contact a Multi Clean Distributor to conduct a K12 4 Pillar Audit. For a distributor near you, call Multi Clean at 800 433 6816. Is cleaning or

More information

THE NEW NSF 350 AND 350-1

THE NEW NSF 350 AND 350-1 THE NEW NSF 350 AND 350-1 These American National Standards help in evaluating and approving water reuse treatment technologies. BY TOM BRUURSEMA Figure 1 At the NSF residential wastewater treatment system

More information

an overview of trends and approaches

an overview of trends and approaches Open Workshop Global Issues pertaining to BioWaste March 15th 212 - Turin, Italy Composting and Anaerobic Digestion, an overview of trends and approaches D. Mainero Working Group "Biological Treatment",

More information

Grease Trap Maintenance, Procedures and Cleaning Logs

Grease Trap Maintenance, Procedures and Cleaning Logs SAWS Grease Reduction Program Grease Trap Maintenance, Procedures and Cleaning Logs Don t Feed the Grease Monster Best Management Practices for Commercial Food and Restaurant Facilities Train kitchen staff

More information

Unit 1. Physical, chemical and biological Characteristics of Wastewater

Unit 1. Physical, chemical and biological Characteristics of Wastewater The Islamic University of Gaza- Civil Engineering Department Advanced Sanitary Engineering- ECIV 5325 Unit 1. Physical, chemical and biological Characteristics of Wastewater Based on Dr. Fahid Rabah lecture

More information

septic systems What is a Septic System? How does a Septic System Work?

septic systems What is a Septic System? How does a Septic System Work? septic systems What is a Septic System? A septic system is a private sewage treatment system. They are common in rural areas where there are no municipal sewage pipes for homes, farms, businesses or other

More information

Proposal for consolidated drinking water, sanitation and hygiene targets, indicators and definitions

Proposal for consolidated drinking water, sanitation and hygiene targets, indicators and definitions Proposal for consolidated drinking water, sanitation and hygiene targets, indicators and definitions Table of Contents Introduction... 1 Underlying Assumptions and Principles... 2 Scope... 2 Format...

More information

SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT BASICS. Organic Soil Amendments and Fertilizers

SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT BASICS. Organic Soil Amendments and Fertilizers SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT BASICS Organic Soil Amendments and Fertilizers What are Your Objectives for Soil and Crops? Increase soil organic matter Improve soil tilth Enhance nitrogen availability Increase

More information

Technologies and trends for anaerobic digestion across Europe: : a survey

Technologies and trends for anaerobic digestion across Europe: : a survey Technologies and trends for anaerobic digestion across Europe: : a survey Alberto Confalonieri Gruppo di Studio sul Compostaggio e la Gestione Integrata dei Rifiuti Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza Anaerobic

More information

Cross sectional study on household sanitation, hygiene and water access level in Debay Tilat Gin Woreda, East Gojjam, Ethiopia

Cross sectional study on household sanitation, hygiene and water access level in Debay Tilat Gin Woreda, East Gojjam, Ethiopia Cross sectional study on household sanitation, hygiene and water access level in Debay Tilat Gin Woreda, East Gojjam, Ethiopia Abstract Introduction An estimated.6 billion people lack access to improved

More information

TOILET DESIGN FOR RURAL AREAS AND SEPARATED URINE COLLECTION AS A FERTILIZER SOURCE

TOILET DESIGN FOR RURAL AREAS AND SEPARATED URINE COLLECTION AS A FERTILIZER SOURCE -- TOILET DESIGN FOR RURAL AREAS AND SEPARATED URINE COLLECTION AS A FERTILIZER SOURCE Le Anh Tuan 1*, Joachchim Clemens 2, Duong Van Ni 3, Nguyen Thanh Phong 1** 1 Department of Environmental and Water

More information

Oasis Clearwater ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERS

Oasis Clearwater ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERS Oasis Clearwater ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERS The evolution continues in decentralised wastewater technology... The Process Decentralised wastewater treatment systems are defined

More information

Sanitation and Hygiene in Kenya: Lessons on What Drives Demand for Improved Sanitation

Sanitation and Hygiene in Kenya: Lessons on What Drives Demand for Improved Sanitation The Water and Sanitation Program is an international partnership for improving water and sanitation sector policies, practices, and capacities to serve poor people June 2004 Field Note Sanitation and Hygiene

More information

CFAO 34-38 -- SANITARY CONTROL OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR POOLS AND SWIMMING AREAS

CFAO 34-38 -- SANITARY CONTROL OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR POOLS AND SWIMMING AREAS CFAO 34-38 -- SANITARY CONTROL OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR POOLS AND SWIMMING AREAS GENERAL 1. Bathing in water polluted by sewage or by secretions and discharges of bathers is a possible means of acquiring

More information

Biology Lab: Water Testing and Purification

Biology Lab: Water Testing and Purification Biology Lab: Water Testing and Purification In this lab activity, students learn how to collect water samples aseptically and how to use a microscope to look for and identify fresh water invertebrates.

More information

Ultra Violet Disinfection 01422 833121 info@springhillwaterservices.co.uk

Ultra Violet Disinfection 01422 833121 info@springhillwaterservices.co.uk info@springhillwaterservices.co.uk Applications Overview Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is used to treat three billion litres of water every day around the world as it is a highly effective treatment method

More information

Example Calculations Evaluation for Fine Bubble Aeration System. Red Valve Company, Inc. 700 NORTH BELL AVENUE CARNEGIE, PA 15106-0548

Example Calculations Evaluation for Fine Bubble Aeration System. Red Valve Company, Inc. 700 NORTH BELL AVENUE CARNEGIE, PA 15106-0548 Revision Date 6/10/02 9:52 Red Valve Company, Inc. 700 NORTH BELL AVENUE CARNEGIE, PA 15106-0548 PHONE (412) 279-0044 FAX (412) 279-5410 Red Valve Representative Sample Air Diffuser Calcs.xls Input Data

More information

Water and Wastewater. Sample Collection and Analysis

Water and Wastewater. Sample Collection and Analysis Water and Wastewater Sample Collection and Analysis December 2011 Introduction Accurate testing of drinking water is crucial to maintaining the health and safety of Islanders who rely on this resource.

More information

Sewerage Management System for Reduction of River Pollution

Sewerage Management System for Reduction of River Pollution Sewerage Management System for Reduction of River Pollution Peter Hartwig Germany Content page: 1 Introduction 1 2 Total emissions 3 3 Discharge from the wastewater treatment plants 4 4 Discharge from

More information

Facility Operations Physical Safety Guidance Document

Facility Operations Physical Safety Guidance Document Facility Operations Physical Safety Guidance Document Title: Guide on Pipe Identification Standards (ASME A13.1-1996) Original Date: December 18, 2000 Section: 4.0 Facility Operations Revised Date: Number:

More information

Rural Sanitation, Hygiene and Water Supply

Rural Sanitation, Hygiene and Water Supply Rural Sanitation, Hygiene and Water Supply KEY STATISTICS Use of sanitary latrines (% of rural population) 32 Defecating in the open (% of rural population) 9 Use of hanging latrines (% of rural population)

More information

Septic System Management Plan for Below Grade Systems

Septic System Management Plan for Below Grade Systems The goal of a septic system is to protect human health and the environment by properly treating wastewater before returning it to the environment. Your septic system is designed to kill harmful organisms

More information

BASEMENT FLOODING. Prevention Guide for. Homeowners

BASEMENT FLOODING. Prevention Guide for. Homeowners BASEMENT FLOODING Prevention Guide for Homeowners 1 Did You Know? Floods are the most common hazards in Canada. Water damage is a common cause of loss for homeowner insurance. A heavy rainfall can result

More information

31. ECO-INFO -- SEPTIC SAFE PROTECT YOUR HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT YOUR SEPTIC PUMP-OUT SYSTEM with SELF ASSESSMENT TROUBLE SHOOTING GUIDE

31. ECO-INFO -- SEPTIC SAFE PROTECT YOUR HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT YOUR SEPTIC PUMP-OUT SYSTEM with SELF ASSESSMENT TROUBLE SHOOTING GUIDE 31. ECO-INFO -- SEPTIC SAFE PROTECT YOUR HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT YOUR SEPTIC PUMP-OUT SYSTEM with SELF ASSESSMENT TROUBLE SHOOTING GUIDE Edited 21/12/01 Wyong Shire Council has many non sewered areas that

More information

General food hygiene rules

General food hygiene rules General food hygiene rules Why food hygiene is important? Good food hygiene is essential to ensure that the food you and your family eats is safe. Poor hygiene procedures in your home can put you at risk.

More information

6. Principles of effective plumbing systems

6. Principles of effective plumbing systems 6. Principles of effective plumbing systems This chapter summarizes the aims and objectives of a good local plumbing system that is, the drinking-water supply that serves a building and the system for

More information

National Education Infrastructure Management System (NEIMS) September 2007

National Education Infrastructure Management System (NEIMS) September 2007 National Education Infrastructure Management System (NEIMS) September 2007 education Department: Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Copyright: 1 17/09/2007 CONTENTS: 1. BACKGROUND. 4 1.1 Introduction 1.2

More information

Natural and Advanced Treatment Systems for Wastewater Management at Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site in Developing Countries

Natural and Advanced Treatment Systems for Wastewater Management at Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site in Developing Countries Natural and Advanced Treatment Systems for Wastewater Management at Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site in Developing Countries C. Chiemchaisri Department of Environmental Engineering, Kasetsart University

More information

SMALL COMMUNITY TREATMENT PLANT EXPANSION WHILE IN OPERATION USING ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

SMALL COMMUNITY TREATMENT PLANT EXPANSION WHILE IN OPERATION USING ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SMALL COMMUNITY TREATMENT PLANT EXPANSION WHILE IN OPERATION USING ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY Adel Bassyouni, HDR Engineering, Guillermo Garcia, HDR Engineering, Don Mc Dermott, Viejas Public Works Department

More information

01 - Plastic Pipe Cements and Primers

01 - Plastic Pipe Cements and Primers 01 - Plastic Pipe Cements and Primers Q - What is the shelf life of the cement and primers? PVC & ABS Cements / Primers and Cleaners have 3 year shelf life from date of manufacture, and CPVC has 2 year

More information

WATER & SANITATION FOR ALL. Methodological Guides. n 4. How to select appropriate technical solutions for sanitation

WATER & SANITATION FOR ALL. Methodological Guides. n 4. How to select appropriate technical solutions for sanitation WATER & SANITATION FOR ALL Methodological Guides n 4 How to select appropriate technical solutions for sanitation contents INTRODUCTION 7. What are the objectives of this guide? What type of sanitation

More information

Caribbean Environment Programme United Nations Environment Programme

Caribbean Environment Programme United Nations Environment Programme Caribbean Environment Programme United Nations Environment Programme Proceedings of the Workshop on Adopting, Applying and Operating Environmentally Sound Technologies for Domestic and Industrial Wastewater

More information

Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Florida Department of Environmental Protection Florida Department of Environmental Protection Background Mobile vehicle and equipment washing involves washing at a location where vehicles are based (such as a trucking company, warehouse, bus station,

More information

Properly maintaining your septic system will help reduce the. It s Your Septic System. Homeowner s Guide. Here s How to Take Care of It

Properly maintaining your septic system will help reduce the. It s Your Septic System. Homeowner s Guide. Here s How to Take Care of It Homeowner s Guide for Maintenance and Care of On-Site Sewage Systems It s Your Septic System Here s How to Take Care of It Properly maintaining your septic system will help reduce the possibility of health

More information

J5423 The Radisson, Malelane WET Services Installation Description of Design Intent & Works Information Document

J5423 The Radisson, Malelane WET Services Installation Description of Design Intent & Works Information Document J5423 The Radisson, Malelane WET Services Installation Description of Design Intent & Works Information Document January 2011 QM Issue/revision Issue 1 Revision 1 Revision 2 Revision 3 Remarks Issue 1

More information

Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Harvesting With climate change now a reality rather than a speculated possibility, the demand on water resources has gone up, whilst the amount of water available for supply has gone down. Forth

More information

Water Distress in Growing Cities Issues & Challenges. Presented by: Neeta Sharma Managing Director IAPMO India

Water Distress in Growing Cities Issues & Challenges. Presented by: Neeta Sharma Managing Director IAPMO India Water Distress in Growing Cities Issues & Challenges Presented by: Neeta Sharma Managing Director IAPMO India Source: UNESCO Green Approach- A MUST today- for Sustainability (better life cycle costs and

More information

WASTEWATER TREATMENT OBJECTIVES

WASTEWATER TREATMENT OBJECTIVES WASTEWATER TREATMENT OBJECTIVES The student will do the following: 1. Define wastewater and list components of wastewater. 2. Describe the function of a wastewater treatment plant. 3. Create a wastewater

More information

Wastewater Nutrient Removal

Wastewater Nutrient Removal Wastewater Nutrient Removal An overview of phosphorus and nitrogen removal strategies Presented by: William E. Brown, P.E. Peter C. Atherton, P.E. Why are nutrients an issue in the environment? Stimulates

More information

Appendix D lists the Field Services Standard Operating Procedures. Appendix E lists the Biological Monitoring Standard Operating Procedures.

Appendix D lists the Field Services Standard Operating Procedures. Appendix E lists the Biological Monitoring Standard Operating Procedures. Page 16 of 87 3.3 Sample Collection, Storage and Preservation Figure 3 details required containers, sample volumes, preservation techniques, and holding times for proper sample collection. A discussion

More information

LECTURE 28 to 29 ACCUMULATORS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

LECTURE 28 to 29 ACCUMULATORS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS LECTURE 28 to 29 ACCUMULATORS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1. Define an accumulator and explain its function A hydraulic accumulator is a device that stores the potential energy of an incompressible fluid

More information

FERTIGATION. Lawrence J. Schwankl

FERTIGATION. Lawrence J. Schwankl production FERTIGATION Lawrence J. Schwankl F ertigation is the injection of fertilizers through the irrigation system. Microirrigation systems are well-suited to fertigation because of their frequency

More information

Ecological Sanitation and Associated Hygienic Risk

Ecological Sanitation and Associated Hygienic Risk 1. P O L I C Y, G E N D E R A N D E N V I R O N M E N T: R E CO M M E N DAT I O N S Women in Europe for a Common Future Ecological Sanitation and Associated Hygienic Risk An overview of existing policy

More information

Basics of UV Disinfection

Basics of UV Disinfection Local Section Seminar Basics of UV Disinfection April 17, 2014 Joseph Moore, P.E. DuBois-Cooper Associates, Inc. 1 Presentation Outline Basics of Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Components of UV Disinfection

More information

University of Wisconsin Study: LIFE CYCLE COMPARISON OF FIVE ENGINEERED SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING FOOD WASTE

University of Wisconsin Study: LIFE CYCLE COMPARISON OF FIVE ENGINEERED SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING FOOD WASTE A BRIEF SUMMARY AND INTERPRETATION OF KEY POINTS, FACTS, AND CONCLUSIONS FOR University of Wisconsin Study: LIFE CYCLE COMPARISON OF FIVE ENGINEERED SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING FOOD WASTE by WILLIAM F. STRUTZ

More information

Introduction to Waste Treatment Technologies. Contents. Household waste

Introduction to Waste Treatment Technologies. Contents. Household waste Contents Introduction to waste treatment technologies 3 Section 1: The treatment of recyclable waste 4 Bulking facilities 5 Materials Reclamation Facility (MRF) 6 Reuse and recycling centres 8 Composting

More information

Carpet Maintenance Guidelines

Carpet Maintenance Guidelines Carpet Maintenance Guidelines Table of Contents I. Fibres 1 II. Vacuuming 2 III. Cleaning Frequency 3 IV. Maintenance Plans 4 V. Interim Cleaning 4 VI. Restorative Cleaning 4 VII. Drying 4 VIII. Preventative

More information

Surface water remediation and waste water treatment using circulators

Surface water remediation and waste water treatment using circulators RemTech 2006 Surface water remediation and waste water treatment using circulators Produced by: Kathleen Cameron (M.Sc. PAg) - Manager Created by: Catherine Cameron Artistic Director Sunset Solar Systems

More information

Biohazardous Waste and Sharps Disposal

Biohazardous Waste and Sharps Disposal Biohazardous Waste and Sharps Disposal Federal OSHA Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 State California Code of Regulations (CCR), Medical Waste Management Act, Chapter

More information

1.85 WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERING FINAL EXAM DECEMBER 20, 2005

1.85 WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERING FINAL EXAM DECEMBER 20, 2005 1.85 WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERING FINAL EXAM DECEMBER 20, 2005 This is an open-book exam. You are free to use your textbook, lecture notes, homework, and other sources other than the internet.

More information

ECOLOGICAL LINE of bioexpert PRODUCTS

ECOLOGICAL LINE of bioexpert PRODUCTS Recommended application Product s name bioexpert BIOLOGICAL TABLES for septic tanks and sewage systems for cesspools, septic tanks and sewage systems: bioexpert BIOLOGICAL DEGREASER for sewage systems

More information

Viscosity: A Property of fluids 307-6 Compare the viscosity of various liquids 307-7 Describe factors that can modify the viscosity of a liquid 208-6

Viscosity: A Property of fluids 307-6 Compare the viscosity of various liquids 307-7 Describe factors that can modify the viscosity of a liquid 208-6 Viscosity: A Property of fluids 307-6 Compare the viscosity of various liquids 307-7 Describe factors that can modify the viscosity of a liquid 208-6 Design an experiment to test the viscosity of various

More information

BACTERIA COUNTS IN RAW MILK

BACTERIA COUNTS IN RAW MILK BACTERIA COUNTS IN RAW MILK Richard L. Wallace TAKE HOME MESSAGES Bacterial contamination of raw milk can generally occur from three main sources; within the udder, outside the udder, and from the surface

More information

Bioremediation of Petroleum Contamination. Augustine Ifelebuegu GE413

Bioremediation of Petroleum Contamination. Augustine Ifelebuegu GE413 Bioremediation of Petroleum Contamination Augustine Ifelebuegu GE413 Bioremediation Bioremediation is the use of living microorganisms to degrade environmental contaminants in the soil and groundwater

More information

Clean Water: Supply side potable water, not wastewater. Gray Water/Sewage: Wastewater originating from a drain (sink, toilet, urinal).

Clean Water: Supply side potable water, not wastewater. Gray Water/Sewage: Wastewater originating from a drain (sink, toilet, urinal). Procedures for Emergency Responses to Flooding and Building Water Intrusion PURPOSE: To establish uniform, sanitary, and systematic procedures for responding to flooding and water intrusion emergencies.

More information

Oxivir Tb and Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) Frequently Asked Questions

Oxivir Tb and Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) Frequently Asked Questions Oxivir Tb and Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) Frequently Asked Questions What is Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP)? AHP is a patented synergistic blend of commonly used, safe ingredients that when

More information

BOIL WATER NOTICE FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

BOIL WATER NOTICE FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Nick Fish, Commissioner David G. Shaff, Administrator 1120 SW 5 th Avenue, Room 600 Portland, Oregon 97204-1926 Information: 503-823-7404 www.portlandoregon.gov/water About the Event: BOIL WATER NOTICE

More information

Anish Jantrania (photo) and Allen Knapp

Anish Jantrania (photo) and Allen Knapp WATER QUALITY VERSUS PROCESS MONITORING CHARLES CITY COUNTY, VA PROJECT Anish Jantrania (photo) and Allen Knapp Anish Jantrania Technical Services Engineer Virginia Department of Health Richmond, VA 23219,

More information