Sources. The Vikings in Ireland, 7

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1 Sources The Vikings in Ireland, 7

2 Source 1 A time line of the Vikings in Ireland and England The Battle of Clontarf The Viking king Cnut becomes King of England Brian Boru becomes High King of Ireland 1002 Vikings begin to live in Dublin Alfred the Great becomes king of the Saxons in England 866 The Vikings capture York First Viking attack on Ireland at Rathlin Island 795 The Vikings in Ireland, 8

3 793 First Viking attack on Britain Source 2 Where the Vikings settled SCOTLAND IRELAND Dublin York DANELAW WALES London The Vikings in Ireland, 9

4 Source 3 Viking attack! Based upon a story in The Vikings in Ireland by Morgan Llywelyn, O Brien Press, The dragon-headed longship came nosing out of the sea mist. Oars rose and fell in rhythm. The boy standing in the prow of the longship had blond hair and blue eyes that glittered with excitement. He was the captain s son and this was his first time to go viking (sea-raiding). It was the year 797 A.D. when the ship reached the coast of Ireland. They came to some small islands now known as Lambay, off the coast of Skerries in north County Dublin. The boy could just see a stone chapel surrounded by some round wattle and timber buildings. Although he did not realise it they were part of a Christian monastery. As the longship beached on the island, the captain s son could feel his heart starting to pound. He was armed with a sword and hoped to be able to use it in battle. At that moment a monk came out of the chapel. He hesitated and then called out a greeting. However, a nightmare followed. The Vikings stole the gold chalice and the illuminated gospel in its silver book shrine set with gemstones and set fire to everything else. The Vikings then set off for home, pleased with their booty and ready to return again. The monks, hoping that they would not get any more visits, made up the following poem: Since tonight the wind is high, The sea s white mane a fury, I need not fear the hordes of Hell Coursing the Irish Channel. The Vikings in Ireland, 10

5 Source 4 Astrid s walk through Viking Dublin in 960 A.D. Based upon a chapter in Time Traveller 3 by Roddy Day and others, C.J. Fallon, Astrid s home Astrid awoke and wiped the sleep from her eyes. She pulled back the woollen cover and stepped onto the floor... She put on her woollen dress and searched for her linen slip. She pulled on her flat wooden shoes and searched for her amber necklace amongst the animal skins. Gunvor, Astrid s s mother, was just waking up on the raised area on the side of the house. Astrid put the pot of fish stew over the fire to heat it for breakfast. She chewed a bit of barley bread. The past year had been very hard for Gunvor, because Astrid s father, Eric Redbeard, had been away a-viking - raiding and trading - in other countries. Astrid remembered the merchant from Chester in England, who had told Gunvor that he had traded with Eric in the Isle of Man and that he would soon be back home. Gunvor had done all of the work in the house during the year; mending the post and wattle walls after a fire; cooking, spinning and weaving and making combs from antler bones to trade. Astrid had also learned to do all these things. At ten years of age she was no longer a child. After eating her fish stew from a wooden bowl, Astrid went out into the cold air. She splashed water from the water barrel on her face. The sun was rising and people were waking up all around her. Back inside Gunvor combed Astrid s hair in case there were lice in it, as there often were. Then she told her daughter to go to the quays and see if her father s ship had come in. Astrid s walk through Dublin Astrid walked down the wicker path, out into the High Street. The street was very narrow and made of split logs laid across wooden poles. Dogs barked, pigs grunted and the noise from the fish sellers in Fishamble Street was deafening. The Vikings in Ireland, 11

6 The Vikings in Ireland, 12

7 All the houses in the street were like Astrid s. They were shaped like a rectangle, with walls of post and wattle covered with mud and a roof thatched with barley straw. They had a wicker path up to the end door. There was another door at the other end of each house, leading to the water barrel. The houses were separated by low post and wattle walls. Suddenly Astrid saw her friend Niall, who lived outside the town. Niall s father was a blacksmith and his forge was outside the city walls because of the danger of fire. (Remember that houses were made of wood and straw.) Niall agreed to go with her to the quays. The day was getting warmer, so he put his brat (cloak) over his arm. Astrid had learned some Gaelic words from Niall and she had taught him some Norse words. They understood each other quite well now and were great friends. At the Cornmarket farmers were coming in from the country with bags of corn to trade with the people of the town. It was a very busy place with a lot of bargaining going on over weight and quality. The children passed the small Christian Church of Saint Columcille. Niall was a Christian, but Astrid believed in the Viking Gods. They went down Fishamble Street. Fish stalls were placed where the street widened out. The smell of fish was strong. Cats were rooting at fish heads which lay on the ground. The cats were kept to kill rats and mice which were plentiful everywhere. The children walked through the gate in the high embankment which went right around the town. It was made of earth and gravel and topped by a post and wattle wall. Astrid and Niall always loved to visit the quays. It was the most exciting part of Dyflin (Dublin). They could hardly see the other bank of the Liffey, because the river was so wide. Astrid cheered when she saw a dragon ship drawn up on the mud flats in the distance. Could this be her father s ship? There was great activity all along the quays which were lined by merchant ships. Shipbuilders were repairing ships. Sail and rope makers were busy at their trade. Wooden barrels were being loaded on to ships. Merchants, with their weighing scales hanging at their side, bargained for silks and silver from the east, wine from France, amber lumps from the Baltic, walrus ivory and furs from the Arctic, and pottery from Chester. Cured meat, dried fish and sour milk was being loaded on to some ships. The Vikings in Ireland, 13

8 Animal hides and pelts, and brooches were also being put on board. As the two friends pushed their way through the crowd towards the dragon ship, they passed a group of slaves being sold. Some of the slaves were as young as Astrid. They looked sad in this strange place far away from their homes. Eric Redbeard Finally the children came to Eric s ship, Wanderer, with its great dragon prow. The mast was still standing in the middle, but the rudder had been tied up. They could see the keel beneath the ship. The oars had been all stacked away. Astrid called out when she saw her father unloading the ship. He put down the barrel which he was carrying and ran towards her. He took her up in his huge arms and gave her a great hug. He had been gone almost a year and there were flecks of grey in his red beard. Astrid noticed a new scar over his right eye. Eric was still wearing his helmet and his great sword, Leg- Biter, hung by his side. He told Astrid that they had raided places in southern France and Italy, and had sailed all the way to Greece. They had brought back wine and slaves, and beautiful crosses and books from French monasteries. Eric even showed her a piece of green marble from Rome. He would have a great saga or story to tell at home that night. Going home Eric was busy, so the children turned for home. They ran round towards the Dubh Linn (Black Pool, where the warships were kept). They saw the Thingmount in the distance. This was the hill where important meetings were held. Glossary Gaelic - Irish. Norse - Viking. Embankment - mound of earth which was built around Dublin to protect it from attack. Thing - where the Vikings met to discuss how they should live and sort out their quarrels. The Vikings in Ireland, 14

9 Source 5 Some of the Viking objects which archaeologists have found in Dublin The Vikings in Ireland, 16

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