PHYSIOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF MWACHE WATERSHED

Transcription

1 MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION KENYA WATER SECURITY AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECT-2 (COASTAL REGION WATER SECURITY AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECT) TERMS OF REFERENCE PHYSIOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF MWACHE WATERSHED MARCH, Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

2 1. Introduction and Context The government has planned a large-scale water investment program to close the massive water infrastructure gap that has been estimated at US$5 7 billion. This is to be supported by the establishment of a strong and modern institutional and legal structure that aligns the water sector with the Constitution of Kenya 2010 through a Water Bill reflecting the new devolution principles under discussion in Parliament. Towards this end, the Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (MEWNR) is undertaking an ambitious agenda for the water sector through a long-term, transformational program aimed at building water security and climate resilience for economic growth and social well-being. The Kenya Water Security and Climate Resilience (KWSCR) program responds to this need. The overarching development objective of the program is to improve water security and build climate resilience in Kenya. A) The first phase of the program, Kenya Water Security and Climate Resilience Project (KWSCRP-1) was approved by the World Bank board on June 18, 2013 and declared effective on October 24, The project development objectives of KWSCRP-1 are to: (i) increase availability and productivity of irrigation water for project beneficiaries; and (ii) enhance the institutional framework and strengthen capacity for water security and climate resilience for the country. KWSCRP-1 focuses on the progressive development of a water investment pipeline, integrated and participatory basin planning, and technical assistance to the evolving water sector institutions and sector reforms at a critical period of constitutional and political transition. The project has three inter-related components supporting the project development objective: (i) water resources development; (ii) effective water sector institutions; and (iii) support for project implementation. Under the support to Effective Water Sector Institutions is the sub-component on Strengthening Water Management and Planning executed by the Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA), the lead agency in water resources management in Kenya with the following mandates: Water allocation and apportionment Monitoring and assessment of water resources, Gathering and publishing information on water resources Receiving and determining applications for permits of water use Regulation and protection of water quality Management and protection of water catchments Water conservation and control Determine and collect water use charges Coordination with other bodies for better water management Advising the minister with respect to water resources management 2 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

3 Under the KWSCRP-1 sub-component on Strengthening Water Management and Planning, WRMA is focussing on Hydro-met Modernization, Real-time Forecasting and Disaster Risk Management Decision Support, Water Resources and Climate Risk Information Systems (WCIS), Water Resources Planning and Allocation; and Institutional Capacity Strengthening and Partnerships. The strengthening of the Water Resources Knowledge Base aims to upgrade the water resources monitoring network, extend forecasting and early warning capacity, and improve the knowledge base in order to provide timely information to support real-time decisions in Kenya s six main basins. The activity requires collaborative working and data sharing arrangements between various institutions, including KMD, WRMA/WRRA, Basin Boards and other relevant agencies. B) The second phase of the program, Coastal Region Water Security and Climate Resilience Project (KWSCRP-2) is the second operation under the program and its design is consistent with the approach envisaged for the program in that investment preparation follows a sound investment framework and incorporates a multi-sectoral, multi-dimensional approach. The activities are being developed and aligned with Kwale and Mombasa County Integrated Development Plans (CIDPs). Mwache Dam and related infrastructure would in particular act as a buffer against the most severe hydrologic shocks (including floods and droughts), as well as address food insecurity, low productivity, and constrained growth in Mombasa County and throughout the coastal region more broadly. The project has three main components supporting the project development objective: (i) Component 1 - Mwache Dam and Related Investments including Mwache Catchment Management; and (ii) Component 2 - Kwale County Development Support. In addition, Component 3 - Project Management will support project implementation. The key activities under this second operation revolve around the development of Mwache Dam for urban water supply to Mombasa County and Kwale County as well as two check dams. The dam site is located across the Mwache River at the Fulugani village (Kwale County), about 22 km west of the city of Mombasa in the coastal region of Kenya and near the coastline. The Mwache Catchment Management aims to improve sustainability of the Mwache catchment, integrating conservation activities with the needs of local communities to develop sustainable economic activities. Recognizing that a robust watershed management strategy entails addressing ecosystem degradation at the watershed level, this sub-component supports an integrated, participative approach to water resources management, introducing sustainable livestock, agriculture, forestry and land management practices, and integrating conservation activities with the needs of local communities to develop sustainable economic activities. Activities under the sub-component will be based on livelihoods, to ensure that communities will have incentives to play an active and engaged role in conservation activities. 3 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

4 2. Overall Project Institutional and Implementation Arrangements 2.1 Project Implementation and Role of PMU Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (MEWNR) is the implementing agency of the project through the Project Management Unit (PMU), reporting to the Principal Secretary (PS), Water. The core functions of the Nairobi based PMU will be coordination and facilitation, fiduciary (procurement and financial management), environmental and social safeguards supervision, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) and impact evaluation (IE), annual work programming and budgeting, and reporting. The PMU also provides technical support to executing agencies the designated Project Implementation Unit (PIU) such as that of Kwale County. PMU support to PIUs involves developing the required capacities for procurement, financial management, monitoring and evaluation, environmental and social safeguards implementation, and investment and activity implementation. PIUs typically implement most project activities. 2.2 Role of Coast PMU The Coast PMU will on behalf of PMU Nairobi office be responsible for day to day coordination of CWSCRP from the Coast office. It will in particular also facilitate and provide the fiduciary (procurement and financial management), monitoring and evaluation (M&E) support to PIUs. The Coast PMU will also develop the annual work programming and budgets in addition to regular reports of CWSCRP. This PMU will also be responsible for providing demand based technical support to Coast based executing agencies designated PIUs and to source for additional technical support from Nairobi PMU based specialists. PMU technical support to PIUs will involve developing the required capacities for procurement, financial management, monitoring and evaluation, environmental and social safeguards implementation, and investment and activity implementation. 3. Objective of the Physiographic Survey of Mwache Watershed Consultancy The main objective of this Physiographic Survey of Mwache Watershed Consultancy is to characterize the Mwache water shed along several land characteristics including land cover, land use, soil characterisation, slope characterisation, land cover changes, agro-climatic zones, catchment degradation, morphology, geology etc. The ultimate product will be the zoning of the soil erosion hotspots and zones for catchment management as well as interventions. The study shall recommend catchment management activities and zone the respective areas Rationale The consultant will undertake a physiographic study of the Mwache watershed in view of the threat of rapid silting of the Mwache Dam. The physiographic study refers to the study of the surface features of the earth and involves looking at the distribution of land, water, soil and rock material that forms the land surface of the catchment area. The distribution of the land, water, soil and rock determines the vegetation cover and its growth rate. In addition, it also determines the type and quantity of sedimentation that originates from or is deposited within the catchment. The physiographic study of the watershed will 4 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

5 provide WRMA, CDA, Kwale county and other stakeholders with the necessary baseline information to develop a catchment management plan to guide the management of the watershed in order to ensure that water resources developments undertaken within the watershed and especially on the downstream side achieve their economic lifespan. 4. Scope of Services Mwache Watershed 5 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

6 Mwache River basin spans to as far as the Taita hills to the west and covers an estimated catchment area of 2,250km2 with a total length of 110km and elevation of between 300 metres to 0 metres above mean sea level. There is no notable information on the river characteristics in terms of hydrology, ecological and water quality conditions of the river basin. The river comprises of various streams including Ngoni originating from Pemba and Taita hills joining with Mto wa Nguro rising from Mabesheni hills to the south, a short distance upstream of the dam area. Mnyenzeni River rises from a series of hills among them Chigato, Mukanyeni, Kikuyu and Mabesheni hills to join Mwache River at Miyani area a short distance upstream of the proposed dam wall. The actual catchment area from the tributaries could not be 6 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

7 established during this study. Mwangombe River is also a major basin originating from hills on the northeastern covering Tsavo areas and joining the Mwache basin on Ngoni section. The water from the dam will be utilized for two primary purposes: namely supply water to Kwale and Mombasa Counties for domestic, commercial and industrial use including irrigation (specifically for Kwale County). The Mwache River and all the tributaries feeding into it are seasonal by nature and flows are dependent of the rainfall in the middle and high watersheds discharging into Indian Ocean via Mwache Creek and Port Reitz. The sizing of the dam and its component, therefore, is being determined on the discharge of the catchments flash floods as opposed to a constant flow of the river. Most of the rainfall in this catchment occurs between March July and then in October December with peak rainfall session in May and November. The average rainfall is 500mm 1,200mm. Anthropogenic activities including farming, deforestation and over grazing have led to the water shed degradation. In view of the proposed Mwache Dam in the downstream of catchment area, the high sedimentation from the degraded land has to be averted. The proposed physiographic study will lead to a hot-spot map aimed to present a kind of spatial indicator that would enable the identification and the visualisation of priorities of intervention. The study will involve but not limited to activities defined by the following tasks: TASK 1 Desk Study A detailed desk study shall be carried out starting with a thorough search for all available data, maps, reports from all available sources, stakeholders (both government and non-governmental institutions). Review of all the existing literature and reports shall be done with a focus on the Mwache dam and water resources monitoring data on the watershed; In addition it will also involve the review of the existing literature and reports on the geology and hydrology of the Mwache watershed. This will be done by the consultant along with staff from WRMA, Coast Development Authority, Kenya Forestry Services and the Kwale, Taita Taveta, Kilifi County governments. TASK 2 Remote Sensing and Satellite Imagery Interpretation The consultant shall undertake analysis of remote sensing imagery with a view to come up with change detection in the catchment, establish current land use changes, delineate lineaments through land use classification, soil classification and geo-tectonic studies. Furthermore the soil and rock types (geology), land use, slopes etc of the watershed shall be determined. The imagery will be evaluated in different temporal scales and suitable resolution. The satellite image interpretation shall include but not limited to the following:- (a) Assessing the land use/cover changes and classes. This will be crucial in identification of the indigenous trees and percentage forest cover that was natural vegetation in the areas and what is in existence today. 7 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

8 (b) Delineate land cover units and classes-(vegetated, bare land, forested, riparian zones and the wetlands (c) Land use patterns (farming activities at the household level (grazing, farming, quarrying etc.) (d) The size of the farms and the vegetation cover changes (e) Slope characterization (f) Soil cover including soil moisture content (g) Geology (h) Rainfall patterns (i) Evaporation patters This will ultimately come up with GIS layers looking at the aspects above, most importantly the characterisation and zones of the soil erosion areas. A model to zone erosion phenomena for example RUSLEs model will help integrate the main erosion factors on a GIS platform. The consultant is expected to build capacity of the WRMA, CDA, KFS, County Government staff in carrying out the imagery processing and interpretation. A comprehensive capacity building programme shall be prepared by the consultant in consultation with the stakeholders. TASK 3 Field Survey, Data Collection and issue identification The field survey sole aim is ground truthing what has been processed through the imagery analysis as well as collection of secondary data and literature not available during the desk study. This phase will focus on ascertaining land use and settlement trends, and sustainability of the livelihood systems based on land use policy and legislative framework governing the lives of the watershed and the riparian communities. Other tools to be employed in field data and information gathering will include observation, focus group discussion, participatory observation and photo recording to capture observed information. During the field survey, water samples will also be collected from selected sites along Mwache River and any other tributary to examine the impact of activities on the River and therefore help in determining the quality of the water. It shall also include the following:- i). Validation of the characteristics on the ground in the Mwache catchment ii). Data collection and issue identification including hotspots iii). Collection of samples for water quality and sediment load analysis during the wet and dry seasons of the year. iv). Discharge measurements at the sampling points. v). Review of Secondary data from field data collection: - The field session will also serve to gather all the secondary documentation from various organizations. The study shall review the progress made in crafting and implementing appropriate institutional arrangements; policy, legislations & organizational structures for addressing issues of poverty through wealth creation. Among the framework documents to be accessed shall be development plans, legislative acts and strategy documents. Among the reports to be reviewed MUST include the various documents used in sedimentation studies of the dam to be availed by the client and other stakeholders. 8 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

9 vi). Issue identification catchment degradation issues, patterns, spatial distribution and their relationship with land use shall be assessed TASK 4 Laboratory Analysis The consultant shall undertake analysis of the samples collected from the above points for both water quality and sediment loads. This analysis shall be carried out by a qualified laboratory, but the consultant shall ensure comparative analysis benchmarked to the existing standards for water use, and sediment load monitoring for agricultural and domestic purposes. TASK 5 - Data Analysis, issue Analysis and Collation This stage will be aimed at consolidation of the gathered evidence into further classification of the thematic areas as in the initial Image analysis of Mwache watershed. This will be expected to be a participatory session to include relevant stakeholders from WRMA, CDA and Kwale County to draw conclusions from the interpretations of the satellite imagery and data analysis. The existing image data will be used to assess the land cover change and trends in land use. The remote sensing data will be on a GIS platform to develop the land cover classes and used it to present the data as a basis for monitoring the land cover change. The results will be used to illustrate past and present processes impacting on growth, development and the livelihood systems of the communities in the Mwache Catchment. This shall result in the following:- i). Option assessment ii). Identification of catchment management problems and mitigation measures. TASK 6 Development of Physiographic Map Development of a physiographic map of the watershed shall be done in consultation with the stakeholders. This shall include key attributes of catchment characteristics, infrastructure, administrative boundaries and major landmarks as well as priority areas for interventions. The maps shall be thematically presentedthe scale for such maps shall be 1:25,000. Where need be a more detailed scale shall be used e.g. where there is high erosion and land degradation. TASK 7 Options assessment and recommendations of catchment management activities Catchment management activities shall be recommended for high priority zones hot spots. These activities shall be clearly defined as well as the processes involved (technical, legal, environmental and administrative) and requirements for their implementation. In addition, for each proposed activities zoning shall be done for the respective areas. Priority interventions shall be similarly defined in consultation with the stakeholders and the criteria for prioritization documented. A stakeholder workshop shall be held within the mwache catchment to discuss the consultant s proposals. TASK 8 Preparation of Report Prepare a detailed report giving the key findings of the study, conclusions and recommendations; 9 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

10 5. Outputs of the Study At the end of the study a detailed status report on the physiography of the Mwache watershed shall be prepared including maps and data collected and analysed. This will provide baseline data for the development of the Mwache watershed management plans to ensure the proposed dam achieves its design lifespan. The outputs for this study will include but not limited to the following elements:- TASK 1 Desk Study The desk study shall produce a list of previous studies, data and reports. It shall summarize the known existing situation within the Mwache catchment the lessons learnt from previous interventions carried out by all stakeholders. It shall further provide a baseline from interviews to stakeholders and beneficiaries. This will direct and underpin the detailed groundtruthing to verify the feasiubility of selected solutions to the degradation. TASK 2 Remote Sensing and Satellite Imagery Interpretation The remote sensing and satellite imagery studies will materialize with thematic maps zoning according to current land use, slope, lineaments, soil mapping classification and geology. These base maps shall include rainfall and agroclimatic characteristics as well as land degradation and anthropogeneic characterization on demographics and settlement. The GIS layers for the catchment characterisation and erosion zones shall be populated with factual information collected during the field surveys at a Scale of 1:25,000. A detailed training report for WRMA, CDA, KFS, County Government staff shall be prepared, as well as stakeholder consultation report. At the end of Task 2, an Inception report shall be prepared. This will detail the outputs from the Desk study and the remote sensing and satellite imagery interpretation TASK 3 Field Survey and Data Collection The field survey report shall confirm the remote sensing and satellite imagery results. Data shall be provided in tabular, graphics, narrative and maps at 1: 25,000 and geo-referenced. All data shall be entered to a suitable data base TASK 4 Laboratory Analysis The laboratory report shall contain both the results and standards (KEBS) for comparative analysis, conclusions and recommendations, e.g. water treatment for use, or souil treatment and/or sediment monitoring. 10 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

11 TASK 5 - Data Analysis, Issue Analysis and Collation The outputs from the data analysis include a status report and projections into the future and a classification of the thematic areas as in the Mwache watershed. The participation of relevant stakeholders from WRMA, CDA and Kwale County shall also be documented. GIS layers shall be used to define thematic outputs at a scale of 1:25,000 as well as options, hotspots and mitigation measures. It shall include issue analysis TASK 6 Development of Physiographic Map The physiographic map of the Mwache watershed shall include catchment characteristics, infrastructure, administrative boundaries and major landmarks as well as priority areas for interventions at a scale of 1:25,000. On completion of Tasks 3, 4, 5 and 6, a Catchment Mapping and Zoning Report shall be prepared together with thematic maps at the defined Scale. TASK 7 Options assessment and recommendations of catchment management activities Assessment of catchment degradation mitigation options shall be carried out upon completion of the analysis. Catchment management activities shall be recommended for high priority zones hot spots and presented in suitable maps at 1:25,000. For each proposed activity, zoning shall be done and priority interventions defined. A stakeholder workshop report shall be prepared detailing the deliberations and recommendations made. TASK 8 Preparation of Reports A detailed consolidated report shall be prepared giving the key findings of the study, conclusions and recommendations for the following outputs:- At the end of Task 7, a Draft Report shall be prepared. This consolidated study report (with issue analysis, options assessment, and recommended priority actions based on cost-effectiveness) shall detail all the outputs from Task 1 7 including comments made by the client during preliminary submissions. These reports and maps shall include but not limited to the following:- (i) Detailed report with maps (1:25,000), statistics, graphs and tables (ii) catchment characterization maps at 1:25,000 (iii) catchment maps (drainage, soils, quarries, sand harvesting, land use, agro climatic zones, catchment degradation hotspots) at 1:25,000 (iv) Land tenure mapping 1:25,000 (v) water storage structures e.g. sand dams, pans, earth dams Their characteristics discussed and proposed locations on maps 1:25,000 (vi) Water resource protection maps at 1:25,000 (vii) riparian zones maps at 1:25, Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

12 (viii) Land use maps showing encroached riparian zones at 1:25,000 (ix) Catchment protection maps at 1:25,000 (x) Recommendations for catchment management zones e.g. construction of gabions, contour ploughing and terracing, etc. in narrative reports 6. Reporting Requirements and Deliverables The work is expected to be undertaken within 4 months and will involve the following milestones: Time (Weeks) Task Activity No Desk study. Data collection on catchment characteristics 2 Remote sensing and satellite imagery interpretation. Preparation and submission of Inception Report/discussion with client 3 Field Study, Data Collection on catchment characteristics 4 Laboratory analysis 5 Data analysis, Issue Analysis and collation 6 Development of Physiographic Map Catchment Mapping and Zoning Report 7 Options assessment and recommendations of catchment management activities and stakeholder workshop Preparation and submission of Draft Consolidated Report and stakeholder workshop report Submission of Final Report The following are the principal deliverables for this assignment. i) Inception report an inception report describing the methodology to be employed in pursuing the assignment; propounding steps/actions to be taken towards achieving desired goals shall be submitted to MoWI Project Management Unit (PMU), through WRMA four weeks after signing of the contract. The inception report will be reviewed and approved by PMU and the World Bank prior to commencement of the fieldwork. ii) Catchment Mapping and Zoning Report shall be submitted to MOWI PMU, twelve (12 No.)Weeks after signing of the contract. iii) Draft Consolidated Report shall be submitted to MoWI PMU, sixteen (14 No.)Weeks after signing of the contract. iv) Final Report - shall be submitted to MoWI PMU, sixteen (16 No.)Weeks after signing of the contract. 12 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

13 7. Qualification and Experience of Study Team Members The study team should have the capacity to cover the catchment area effectively. The team will be composed of personnel with qualifications in hydrology, geology and water quality. Key staff should have at least 15 years of relevant practical field experience (in addition to the appropriate academic qualifications) in the following areas: GIS and Remote sensing Field hydrology Water quality; Field Geology Social Development Catchment Restoration expert Staff Category Team leader 2 Remote sensing and GIS 1.5 Hydrologist/ 1 Geologist 1 Social Economist 1 Catchment restoration expert 1 Staff Months i) The role and qualifications for each key staff Team leader: The team leader will be responsible for overall team supervision, quality assurance and reporting. The team leader shall have wide experience in water catchment management, Planning and conservation. He/she should have at least BSc. degree water resources management, hydrogeology, hydrology or other related water sciences and would have been involved in similar studies in the last five years preferably in the same capacity. Should demonstrate expertise training and practical field experience of at least 15 years. Hydrologist: The hydrologist will be responsible for hydrological data and information collection, analysis and reporting. He/shall be responsible for collection, analysis and reporting on water samples collected from the watershed. He/she should have at least BSc. degree water engineering, hydrology or other related water sciences. Should demonstrate expertise training and practical field experience of at least 10 years. Geologist: The geologist will be responsible for analysis of data and information on rocks and/or soils from the watershed. He/she should have at least BSc. degree in Geology. In addition s/he must have experience in geological and hydrogeological survey in the area. S/he should demonstrate expertise training and practical field experience of at least 10 years. 13 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

14 Socio economist: The socio-economist will be responsible for community development issues and socio-economic analysis and reporting on data collected from the watershed. He/she should have at least a degree in sociology. Should demonstrate expertise training and practical field experience of at least 10 years. Catchment restoration expert will be responsible for catchment restoration and management issues, analysis and reporting on data collected from the watershed. He/she should have at least a degree in natural resource/range management. S/he must have sound working knowledge of the principles and practices of environmental management, including waterways management (revegetation and erosion control management), land and water management, biodiversity conservation and catchment planning. S/he should demonstrate expertise training and practical field experience of at least 10 years. 8. Reporting Scheme The Consultant will be engaged based on specific terms and agreed work schedule at the negotiation stage. The WRMA PIU shall be the focal point for the deliverables and compliance with the contract. The consultant will report to the Project Manager of the Project Management Unit (PM, PMU) through WRMA PIU. All submissions are to be provided in 12 hard copies and three soft copies of editable version in English language. 9. Payments The payments will be paid along the delivery of the following reports with the following deliverables: An inception report four weeks after contract takes effect- 20% Catchment Mapping and Zoning Report to be prepared 12 weeks after contract takes effect.- 20% Draft Consolidated Report and Stakeholder workshop report submitted 14 No. weeks after signing of the contract - 40% Acceptance of Final Report, including Client feedback and feedback at the stakeholder workshop, after 16 weeks after contract takes effect-20%. 10. Facilities to be provided by Client and Consultant The consultant shall provide transport, telephone, office space, stationery, computers and accommodation to all its staff during the assignment. The Client shall provide all available data, reports, maps and other information in its possession which might require during the assignment. The consultant is nevertheless obliged to ensure a comprehensive data and literature search from all other sources sufficient to undertake the study. 14 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed

15 11. Confidentiality Statement All data and information received during the assignment, from respondents, institutions and the World Bank are to be treated confidentially and are only to be used in connection with the execution of these Terms of Reference. All intellectual property rights arising from the execution of these Terms of Reference are assigned to the Government. The content of written materials obtained or prepared in this assignment will not be disclosed to any third parties without the expressed advance written authorization of the Government and/or the World Bank. 12. References The following documents should be used in this study 1. All documents related to the Mwache Dam Feasibility and especially the Mwache Dam Sedimentation Plan. 2. Any other relevant hydrological, agro-climatological, geomorphological, hydro chemical, ecological, hydrogeological, geological, demographic reports, etc., maps and data for the study area. 15 Page Terms of Reference for the Physiographic Study of Mwache Watershed