Flexibilité et Stockage d électricité en entreprise : Situation actuelle et perspectives

Transcription

1 Flexibilité et Stockage d électricité en entreprise : Situation actuelle et perspectives 26 février 2016 Michaël DE KOSTER LABORELEC - Director Electricity Grids and End-Use

2 More and more renewable and decentralized generation 2

3 More flexibility is required in a changing electricity landscape 3

4 Where does the flexibility come from in Industry? Storage On site generation Electricity / Heat / Cold / Heating Backup generators Combined heat and power Specific Process Electric furnace Text Sources pts of 22 flexibility Pressurized air Specific production processes that can be slowed down or interrupted Mills Crushers in cement industry Compressors Pumps Cooling Water pumps Cold warehouse 4

5 Flexible processes create also value for Industries P (kw) Tresponse Flexible audit - 3-step approach: Step 1: Technical analyses: Parameters of flexible power Process analysis, production parameters, limits,.. Electricity consumption profile analysis Identification and quantification of flexible power Step 2: Economic optimization Pflex Tflex Tcorrection t Notification of an event Match between flexible power and value pockets Step 3: Implementation From advisory system to fully implemented 5

6 Flexibility audit Example of results RESULTS: Flex parameters Flexibility Pflex Tresponse Tflex (min max) Availability Frequency Impact Cost 1 MW 15 min 1h 2h Weekdays (season?) Daily e.g. on personnel on elec profile e.g. start/stop energy consumption 2: motor y 500 kw 1 day (planning) 1h-4h Night and weekends Max. 2 times/week 3. Buffer Heat/cold 1: process x 6

7 Flexibility audit Step 3: Implementation Practical use of flex: manually or 100% automated 90% Automation 80% Which machine/parameters to be controlled? How to control? How much work? Costs of automation? 70% Example: control of setpoint T cooling Virtual buffer (% based on temperature) clearing buffer(cooling) Consumed power (kw) filling of buffer (no cooling) clearing buffer(icooling) maximum = 100 % 60% % % % % % 50 0% 9:00 0 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 7

8 EXAMPLE : Valuable in Water Treatment Facilities Reduction of 8% of the energy bill 8 8

9 Contribution of Electricity storage to Flexibility Possible use cases Increase self consumption of PV R1 symmetric Other TSO programs (R3DP etc.) Market value via Belpex (Day Ahead / intraday) Renewable energy on islands Power Quality / Backup supply Peak shaving Or combination of value streams 9

10 Market Value of Electricity storage Value streams Energy market 1 MW / 1 MWh Daily charge/discharge on day ahead market (3 and 6 ct/kwh), η=85% Revenue = 8-10 keuro per year Reserve market 1MW / 4 MWh Primary / Secondary / Tertiary market in Germany Revenue : keuro per year Peak Shaving 1 MW / 1 MWh to reduce peak of 1 MW (very optimistic) Revenue : keuro per year Summary : euro per installed kwh per year 10

11 Example : Small B2C Auto-consumption Business case Highly depending on regulatory context 3.5 kwp PV installed / 4 MWh consumption Cheaper electricity bills: - High retail electricity prices (280 /MWh) - And rather low feed-in tariff (130 /MWh) Bill decreased by 10% - Allowed CAPEX of For 1 kw-5h storage (i.e /KWh) 11

12 Important parameters for storage: Power and Energy 12

13 The Cost of Storage Too many parameters for one-liner statement Technologies, Power & Energy, Maturity, Efficiency, Life Time (Cycles), Costs Technologies Application Efficiency (%) CAPEX ( /KWh) CAPEX ( /kw) Chemical Hydrogen storage Weeks Months PHS Day CAES Day Batteries Hours (150) Flywheels Min (Hours) < Supercapacitors Min Levelized Cost of Storage LCOS ( /MWh) From approx. 50 /MWh (PHES) to MAX 500 /MWh (Small distributed Li-Ion systems) 13

14 Battery cost : the search for the holy grail Focus in two directions Conventional Li-Ion New technologies: A. B. C. D. E. Zinc-Air, Zinc-aluminum, Li-Sulfur, Flow batteries Etc. Cost! Li ion Technology and costs: Other issues: Safety Life-time & cyclability Self-discharge Power density 14

15 New Batteries Lab Test Laborelec 3 Levels of Testing to anticipate evolutions SINGLE CELL TESTING: Detect/validate new technologies at early stage of the development cycle Confront cells from established suppliers with specific use cases STACK TESTING: Validate performances of mature technologies before implementation RESIDENTIAL CONCEPT TESTING: 28/02/ /02/2016 PV+battery+inverter DC and AC systems up to 90kW Functionality and performance PV system with direct connection to the Smart Home Energy Lab 15 15

16 Summary Storage is an important building block of the energy transition Local storage to be considered as a source of flexibility, maybe not the first one Main limitation for storage technologies is high capital costs, possible low round-trip efficiency combined with non-favorable economic side conditions (e.g. minor price spreads) Today, profitable business cases for small-scale storage and decentralized systems, are still limited but already competitive in some countries where electricity supply is expansive at distribution level or when incentives exists (Germany) In the long term, lower battery costs combined with decentralized opportunities should ensure these get deployed - No clear winner in term of technology -30%-50% renewable energy penetration should already justify current storage costs The most expensive technologies today (batteries) could become the most attractive in the future 16

17 From Innovation To Operational Assistance In Energy Laborelec Belgium Rodestraat Linkebeek Belgium Laborelec The Netherlands Amerikalaan AE Maastricht-Airport The Netherlands Laborelec Germany Brombergerstrasse 39-41, Wuppertal Germany Laborelec Chile SpA Apoquindo 3721, oficina Las Condes, Santiago Chile Laborelec Middle-east Office 135-FD Level 1, Incubator Building Masdar City Abu Dhabi, UAE. 17 Laborelec is a leading research and services centre in energy processes and energy use, with more than fifty years of experience. We are part of the research and technology division of the GDF SUEZ group, A world leader in the energy sector. Five Reasons For You To Choose Laborelec Wide range of technical competences in electricity generation, grids, storage and end-use Increased profitability and sustainability of your energy processes and assets Unique combination of contract research and operational assistance Independent advice based on certified laboratory and field analyses all over the world More than 50 years of experience