Fiber Optic. Technical Bulletin AV and Security

Transcription

1 Fiber Optic Technical Bulletin AV and Security

2 What is Fiber Optics? Transparent glass or plastic fibers which allow light to be guided from one end to the other with minimal loss of light. Glass construction is mostly used in the AV and Security markets. Electrical signals carrying information are converted to light waves that carry audio, video, data and voice from one point to another. Once the lightwaves reach their destination, they are converted back to electrical signals. Analogy: Light pipe with a mirrored surface Why Fiber Optics? The crucial operating difference between fiber optic communication system and other types is that the signals are transmitted by light. Conventional electronic communications relies on electrons passing through conductive wires. Fiber Optics addresses the two most difficult challenges in communications of AV, security and data signals. 1. Maintaining signal integrity in a noisy environment (electrical noise) 2. Degradation of signals over long distance Fiber optic system design and implementation have unique properties that give A/V and Security professionals an edge in future proofing installations. Fiber Optic systems can be used to send high resolution video, audio, and control signals on a single fiber for A/V professionals. A fiber cable can also give the security professional many benefits for long distant and modulated CCTV Signals. Future Proofing A/V and Security Systems: Fiber Optic systems can provide extremely high bandwidth and can carry A/V signals and Security signals extremely long distances. Installing a fiber optic system ensures an A/V system can easily meet the demands of today s HD systems and provides a path for future expansion. With high bandwidth capabilities, future applications can be addressed with today s fiber installation. Multiple Signals on a single fiber. Fiber optic cables have the capacity to carry and handle multiple signals over one fiber cable. In a fiber optic A/V system, high resolution RGBHV (VGA) combined with stereo audio, and projector control can be transmitted over long distances using a single fiber optic cable.

3 Easier Installation Fiber optic cables are extremely lightweight and small sized. This translates into an easier installation. West Penn Wire s largest fiber optic cable, M9X611T (24 fiber), is.330 in diameter. Compared to our RG6/U RGBHV at.830. Sensitive information security All copper cables transmitting any low voltage signals eminate electromagnetic radiation. In or all information being transmitted across a copper cable can be easily be detected and translated by eavesdropper. Fiber optic cables are immune to the emanating noise. A fiber optic cable is transmitting light not electrical signals. This makes it extremely difficult to eavesdrop without altering the cable and system design. Many application such as Casinos, Government facilities, Prisons and many more installing fiber optic systems for the security reasons. Ground loop problems are another issue when installing copper cabling systems. In a fiber optic system, ground loop problems are eliminated because of the all dielectric construction. Fiber Optic System Challenges With Copper prices escalating, the move towards a fiber based system can be a future proof option. A Fiber optic system comprises a transmitter that converts the electrical signals to optical, and a receiver that converts the optical signals back to electrical. These components in a fiber system are generally more expensive than traditional A/V and Security devices. A fiber optic based system requires proper care of the fiber optic cable, and equipment, proper installation, and testing methodology. To simplify the fiber optic installation, West Penn Wire has developed easy termination and testing systems. These systems will eliminate the intimidating perception of fiber optic installations. West Penn Wire provides two professional friendly installation kits - Optimax and Brilliance kits.

4 Basic Fiber Optic A/V System A simple A/V Fiber optic system converts high resolution video, audio, and control signals from a video source into a series of light pulses. The light travels down the optical fiber cable to a receiving device which converts the light pulses back to the A/V and control signals. There are transmitters that allow such video sources as: HD-SDI, DVI, HDMI, RGBHV or YUV. Basic Fiber Optic CCTV System A simple Fiber optic system converts baseband signals from a CCTV video source into a series of light pulses. The light travels down the optical fiber cable to a receiving device which converts the light pulses back to the CCTV signals There are transmitters that allow: a single CCTV or multiple modulated CCTV signals down a single fiber optic cable

5 Fiber Optic Cable Construction Fiber Elements Fiber optic cable provides the most advanced communication media available today. An increasing amount of fiber will be installed in the future as we find more and more uses for this technology. Fiber optic cable can support voice, data, video, and other types of transmission, and offers many advantages over standard copper circuits which we will discuss later in this section. Core This is the very center of the cable and is the light guiding area used for light transmission. The size of the core will determine the amount of light to be transmitted into the fiber. The larger the core, the greater the amount of light will that will be transmitted. Cladding The cladding surrounds the core glass and serves to refract the light back into the core. The cladding has a different index of refraction than the core so that the lightwaves are re-directed back into the core allowing continued light transmission through the fiber. Coating Several coatings of acrylate are usually applied to the fiber to provide tensile strength and protection to the glass fiber core. Jacket The cable jacket works along with the aramid fibers to provide strength, integrity, and overall protection of the fiber member. There are a variety of jacketing materials that are used in fiber optic cable construction. Standard compounds and special variations of these compounds can be used in making the jacket. The jacket should be appropriate for the environmental conditions that the fiber optic cable will be subjected to. Environmental parameters that should be considered include temperature variations, chemical reactance, sunlight resistance, mechanical and abrasion resistance. Buffered Fiber Fiber Optic Cable Types Fiber Optic Size - This is measured by comparing the core size to the cladding size. This is expressed by the core diameter and then the cladding with coating diameter. Example: 62.5/125., 62.5 being the core diameter and 125 being the cladding with coating diameter. Fiber Optic Modes - There are basically two types or modes of fiber optic cable, single-mode and multimode.

6 Fiber Optic Cable: Multimode - The core on multimode is about micron. A larger core allows many light pulses or modes to travel through the core simultaneously. Mode overlap can occur over extremely longer distances and may cause bit errors. Multimode is best used for lengths up to 2 kilometers. Single-Mode - The core on single-mode is about 8-10 micron. This small core size allows only one mode of light to travel within the core at a time. The higher the bandwidth, the more information carrying capacity the cable has. This type of cable is good for long distances, and is often used by telephone companies for long transmissions. REPLACE X WITH: A- 50/125 micron Fiber B- 62.5/125 micron Fiber W- 8/125 micron Fiber No.Fibers reakout OFNR - LOF Breakout OFNP - LOF Fiber Optic Guide Distribution OFNR Distribution OFNP In/Out OFNP Outdoor 2 M9X043 M9X043T M9X150 Armored Outdoor 4 M9C006 M9C014 6 M9X039 M9X045 M9X045T M9X152 M9X M9X042 M9X048 M9X048T M9X155 M9X M9X611T

7 How glass carries light? Index of refraction The index of refraction is a way of measuring the speed of light in a particular material. Light travels at different speeds through various materials. The speed of light in a vacuum is about 186,000 miles/sec. Index of refraction is calculated by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in some other medium. Therefore the speed of light in a vacuum is 1. The typical index of refraction of on optical fibers cladding is approximately 1.46 and the core is typically Material Index velocity of light (miles) Air ,000 Glass ,000 Cladding ,000 Core 1.48?? 126,000??

8 Dispersion: MMF- Multi-mode Dispersion- MODAL Dispersion Graded Index MMF: Different layers of refraction allows light to be guided from one end to the other with minimal modal dispersion. Multi-mode fiber: LED Based System - Within buildings Multi-mode fibers have a larger core with allows more light modes to transverse down the optical fiber. A critical angle is established to minimize the reflections within the core. The critical angle is determined by the difference in index of refraction between the core and the cladding materials. The numerical aperture allows light to propagate down the fiber in rays both close to the axis and at various angles, allowing efficient coupling of light into the fiber. However, this numerical aperture increases the amount of dispersion as rays at different angles have different path lengths and therefore take different times to transverse the fiber. In a graded index fiber, the index of refraction in the core decreases continuously between the axis and the cladding. This causes light rays to bend smoothly as they approach the cladding, rather than reflecting abruptly from the core cladding interface. The resulting curved paths reduce multipath dispersion because high angle rays pass more through the lower-index periphery of the core, rather than the high-index center. Singlemode fiber: LASER Based System - Long distance applications Singlemode fibers have a much smaller core than multi-mode fibers. Singlemode fibers allow light to travel down a single path. Therefore, the effects of modal dispersion are completely avoided. Because of this, singlemode fiber has extremely high bandwidths and can transmit video signals over several kilometers or miles. A singlemode cables does have some dispersion called chromatic or waveguide dispersion.

9 Attenuation Attenuation in multimode fiber is typically 3 to 4 db/km at 850nm and 1dB/km at 1300nm. Compared to West Penn Wire RG6/U SDI cable (6350) that has an attenuation of 60dB/km at 100Mhz, fiber optics is the clear choice for high bandwidth long distant installations. In a coaxial system design, level and peaking devices can be used to compensate for losses. However, no such compensation does not exist in a fiber optic system design. Fiber attenuation reduces the amount of optical power reaching the receiver. The system design professional must ensure that the receiver will have enough power to operate the system. A theoretical approach must be taken before the installation. A project professional has to calculate the entire loss of the project using the optical loss analysis and power budget given by the equipment manufacturer. Comparing Fiber Optic and Coaxial Cable Fiber Optic Cable Several Miles Attenuation constant Fiber Attenuation reduces light power level over long distance Modal dispersion in MMF reduces bandwidth Optical losses are added up and compared to an optical power budget Coaxial Cable Hundred of feet Attenuation increases with frequency Cable resistance reduces signal level and intensity over long distance Cable capacitance reduces rise time and sharpness over long distance Level and Peaking devices compensate for resistance and capacitance in long cable runs

10 Operating Wavelengths Fibers operate best at specific points called wavelengths on the spectrum. Wavelengths are measured in nanometers (nm). 850 nm and 1300 nm are the common wavelengths chosen for multi-mode nm and 1550 nm are common for Singlemode. 850nm has the highest losses, but is used the most. The most economical for AV and Security applications. Multiplexing Techniques An optical transmitter converts one or more electrical signals, including video, audio, and/or control, into one or more serial digital streams of light pulses for transmission along one or more optical fibers. Common multiplexing techniques include: Time domain multiplexing (TDM): TDM combines multiple signals into a serial digital stream. Video, audio, and control signals are multiplexed and serialized in the electrical domain. TDM primary disadvantage is that the available bandwidth of the optical link must be higher than the individual bandwidths of the signals being transmitted. Coarse wavelength division multiplexing: (CWDM): CWDM uses multiple wavelengths that are separated by 20nm or more. A special device called a a CWDM combines the multiple wavelengths onto one single optical fiber. CWDM uses less bandwidth than a TDM. A CWDM typically uses a maximum rate of 1 to 2 Gbps, compared to over 4 Gbps for a similar TDM system. A CWDM components are higher in cost than a TDM.

11 Fiber Optic Cables Indoor Design: In an Indoor fiber optic cable, a 900µm Buffer is added. The buffer is tightly extruded over the optical fiber. The buffer is used to facilitate a crimp for connecting the connector. The indoor design have multiple fiber cables that are color coded with Kevlar filling and an overall PVC jacket. Article 770 NEC: OFNR - Optical Fiber Non-Conductive RISER OFNP - Optical Fiber Non-Conductive PLENUM Indoor/Outdoor Design: The indoor/outdoor cable design will handle all environmental installations. The fiber optic cable is Rated OFNP (Plenum) and is permitted to be run in a conduit or free in outdoor environments. The indoor/outdoor fiber cables are not designed for direct burial. The indoor/outdoor fiber cables are tight buffered with water-blocking kevlar and an overall sunlight/moisture plenum rated jacket. Outdoor Design: Outdoor fiber optic cables are designed without a tightbuffering. A thin layer of polymer is added over the coating to provide for color coding. West Penn Wire s outdoor fiber optic cables have a central tube with water-blocking material, kevlar, and an overall PE jacket. Outdoor Direct Burial Design: Outdoor fiber optic cables are designed without a tightbuffering. A thin layer of polymer is added over the coating to provide for color coding. West Penn Wire s outdoor direct burial fiber cables have a central tube with waterblocking material, kevlar, armored sheath, and an overall PE Jacket.

12 Fiber Optic Cable Description: 900µm tight buffered fibers Color Coded for easy termination Flame Retardant UL listed for code compliance Catalog No. No. of Fibers Nom. O.D. Inches M9X M9X Min Bend radius Short Term 3.3 inch 8.4 cm 3.8 inch 9.6 cm Fiber Optic Cable Distribution Cable/ Riser and Plenum Individual Fibers with Overall Jacket Rating: NEC Type Flame Rating: UL1666 Min Bend radius Long Term 2.2 inch 5.6 cm 2.6 inch 6.6 cm Max. Load Installation 270 lbs Newtons 300 lbs Newtons Applications: Riser Wiring Office Wiring Computer Room Wiring Other constructions Available (Minimum run quantities may apply). Custom Cuts are Available upon Request. Rating: NEC Type Flame Rating: NFPA 262 Catalog No. No. of Fibers Nom. O.D. Inches Min Bend radius Short Term Min Bend radius Long Term Max. Load Installation M9X inch 7.0 cm 1.8 inch 4.7 cm 180 lbs. 801 Newtons M9X inch 7.6 cm 2.0 inch 5.1 cm 270 lbs Newtons M9X inch 8.6 cm 2.3 inch 5.8 cm 300 lbs Newtons Glass Type 50/125µm MultiMode 62.5/125µm MultiMode 8/125µm SingleMode Code (X) Optical Characteristics Operating Wavelength (nm) Min. Bandwidth (MHz-km) Max. Attn. (db-km) A 850nm/1300nm 500/ /1.25 B 850nm/1300nm 200/ /1.25 W 1300nm/1550nm --.80/.50 Notes: - See Optical Characteristics Chart for selecting proper Part No. for your application When ordering: In ordering to specify the correct optical fiber, replace X in catalog number with the proper code number. Example: WP9X038 WP9A038 = 4 Fiber 50/125 fiber Cables Fiber Optic Cable Laser Optimized Fiber Optic Cable 50/125um - Digital Media Fiber Optic Type Catalog No. No. of Fibers Nom. O.D. Inches Min Bend radius Short Term Min Bend radius Long Term UL Rating M9C Inch 3.0 Inch OFNR M9C Inch 3.0 Inch OFNP Transmission Rating OM3 50/125um LOF OM3 50/125um LOF WEST PENN WIRE CABLE WITH CONFIDENCE WEST PENN WIRE CABLE WITH CONFIDENCE

13 Fiber Optic Cable Fiber Optic Cables Indoor/Outdoor Tight Buffer Distribution Cable Applications: Building interconnection Telecommunication and Data Long haul networking Ducts between buildings Rating: Indoor/Outdoor Design - Plenum Rated Fully Water-Blocked TIA Test Description: 900µm tight buffered fibers Color Coded for easy termination Flame Retardant UL listed for code compliance Individual Sub-unit Jackets Catalog No. No. of Fibers Nom. O.D. Inches Min Bend radius Short Term Min Bend radius Long Term Max. Load Installation M9X043T inch 7.6 cm 2.0 inch 5.1 cm 300 lbs Newtons M9X045T inch 7.6 cm 2.0 inch 5.1 cm 300 lbs Newtons M9X048T inch 8.6 cm 2.3 inch 5.8 cm 300 lbs Newtons M9X611T inch 12.4 cm 3.3 inch 8.4 cm 600 lbs Newtons Glass Type 50/125µm MultiMode 62.5/125µm MultiMode 8/125µm SingleMode Other constructions Available (Minimum run quantities may apply). Custom Cuts are Available upon Request. Code (X) Optical Characteristics Operating Wavelength (nm) Min. Bandwidth (MHz-km) Max. Attn. (db-km) A 850nm/1300nm 500/ /1.25 B 850nm/1300nm 200/ /1.25 W 1300nm/1550nm --.80/.50 Notes: - See Optical Characteristics Chart for selecting proper Part No. for your application When ordering: In ordering to specify the correct optical fiber, replace X in catalog number with the proper code number. Example: WP9X611T WP9W611T = 24 Fiber 8/125 fiber Cables WEST PENN WIRE CABLE WITH CONFIDENCE

14 Fiber Optic Cable Description: Available in several fiber counts All dielectric central strength member Excellent attenuation performance Water-blocking gel for moisture protection Water-blocking overall tape Polyethylene jacket for weather and UV protection Rating Outdoor Fiber Optic Cable Central Tube & Loose-Tube Cable Outdoor Applications: Building interconnection Telecommunication and Data Long haul networking Ducts between buildings Catalog No. No. of Fibers Nom. O.D. Inches Min Bend radius Short Term Min Bend radius Long Term Max. Load Installation M9X inch Central Tube Design 16.5 cm 4.9 inch cm 600 lbs Newtons M9X inch Central Tube Design 16.5 cm M9X inch Central Tube Design 16.5 cm 4.9 inch cm 4.9 inch cm 600 lbs Newtons 600 lbs Newtons Other constructions available (Minimum order quantities may apply). Custom Cuts are Available upon request. Glass Type 50/125µm MultiMode 62.5/125µm MultiMode 8/125µm SingleMode Code (X) Optical Characteristics Operating Wavelength (nm) Min. Bandwidth (MHz-km) Max. Attn. (db-km) A 850nm/1300nm 500/ /1.00 B 850nm/1300nm 200/ /1.25 W 1300nm/1550nm --.80/.50 Notes: - See Optical Characteristics Chart for selecting proper Part No. for your application When ordering: In ordering to specify the correct optical fiber, replace X in catalog number with the proper code number. Example: WP9X150 WP9B150 = 2 Fiber 62.5/125 fiber Cables CABLE WITH CONFIDENCE WEST PENN WIRE

15 Fiber Optic Cable Fiber Optic Cables Armored Central Tube: Loose-Tube Cable Outdoor - Direct Burial Applications: Building interconnection Telecommunication and Data Long haul networking Rating: Outdoor - Direct Burial Description: Central Tube Design Excellent attenuation performance Water-blocking gel for moisture protection Fully water blocked Armored barrier Polyethylene jacket for weather and UV protection Catalog No. No. of Fibers Nom. O.D. Inches Min Bend radius Short Term Min Bend radius Long Term Max. Load Installation M9X inch Central Tube Design 20.8 cm 4.7 inch 11.9 cm 600 lbs Newtons M9X inch Central Tube Design 20.8cm 4.7 inch 11.9 cm 600 lbs Newtons Other constructions available (Minimum order quantities may apply). Custom Cuts are Available upon request. Glass Type 50/125µm MultiMode 62.5/125µm MultiMode 8/125µm SingleMode Code (X) Optical Characteristics Operating Wavelength (nm) Min. Bandwidth (MHz-km) Max. Attn. (db-km) A 850nm/1300nm 500/ /1.25 B 850nm/1300nm 200/ /1.25 W 1300nm/1550nm --.80/.50 WEST PENN WIRE CABLE WITH CONFIDENCE

16 Installing and Terminating Fiber Optic Cables A complete fiber optic installation may includes all the installed fiber optic cables, connections, splices, and patch panels. For most indoor applications a transition point or consolidation points have to be established. In these points, a patch panel or racking system will be needed. A patch panel or racking system may house splice boxes and/or connection points for the equipment. True design outdoor cables are designed for harsh environments and can not be installed in a building beyond 50ft entering the building or out of conduit entering the building. In these situations, a fan-out kit will provide the correct cabling size for connections into a patch pane or rack. Complete installation: 1. Starts with pulling the fiber optic cable - do not exceed the bend radius and pulling tension. (Provided on the catalog pages) 2. Splicing or transitioning from outdoor fiber to indoor fiber: This requires a Patch panel enclosure, splices, splice tool, and a splice tray (protects the splices and offers strain relief) or fan-out kit to provide the correct cable size for connection. a. If using WPW indoor/outdoor fiber cables: A transition point is not needed from outdoor to indoor 3. Installing the connectors: Make sure that the connector type will match the equipment. ST, SC, or LC Connector types. 4. Testing your system: Easy check with a continuity tester - Power Meter/Light Source - Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR). Fiber Optic Cable Benefits High Bandwidth - The higher the bandwidth, the greater the information carrying capacity. A higher bandwidth allows for higher data rates, more users and longer distances. Easy Upgrades - Fiber optic cable allows for easy future upgrades. Because a variety of transmissions can use fiber optics, it is only necessary to change the electronics. The cable can stay in place. There is no need to pull new cable in the future. Low Attenuation - This is a reduction of signal strength or loss of light power over the length of the fiber. Fiber optic cable usually has low attenuation characteristics which allow signals to travel over longer distances without reamplification. However, attenuation can be affected by extrinsic (environmental and physical bends), intrinsic (absorption and scattering) and wavelength. The longer the wavelength, the lower the attenuation. EMI/RFI Immunity - Since fiber optic cables transmit light instead of electrical current, immunity to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference provides better signal quality, ensuring low bit error rates and/or low noise on the system. Security - Again, since there is no electrical signal, fiber optic transmission is almost impossible to tap into without being detected. Lightweight - Fiber optic cable is smaller and lighter than copper cable allowing for easier installation, especially when conduit and/or raceway space is at a premium.

17 Connectors: There has been a misconception that terminating fiber optics is time consuming and requires a highly educated and skilled professional. Today, fiber termination systems have been developed that requires very little training and produce high quality fiber connections in less time than it takes to terminate a coax or category cable. West Penn Wire offers two different solutions for terminating fiber optic cables. ST- Fiber Optic Connector - Straight Tip Mostly used in a security environment. Similar connection to a BNC connector. Bayonet Locking Design Multiple Kits: Epoxy, and Crimp. Loss:.5-1dB SC- Fiber Optic Connector - Square or Subscriber Mostly used in Data/Networking Environments Similar connection to a RJ45 connector. Push/Pull Design Multiple Kits: Epoxy, and Crimp. Loss:.5-1dB LC- Fiber Optic Connector - Little or Lucent Mostly used in Data/Networking Environments Similar connection to a RJ45 connector. Push/Pull Design- SFF- Small Form Factor Replacing the SC in many applications Multiple Kits: Epoxy, and Crimp. Loss:.5-1dB Other Connectors: FC (Floating) and MTRJ (Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack - SFF (Small Form Factor Connectors) Connector Polish: PC or UPC - (Ultra) Physical Contact - Used in most AV and Security Applications. APC - Angled Physical Contact- Used in Long Haul Telecom Applications, reduces reflections back to the TX Laser. USUALLY a GREEN Body. Never connect a APC to a (U)PC - Too much insertion loss

18 Terminating Fiber Optics There are many fiber optic connection kits available in the market. These kits include: Epoxy style, Crimp style, and No-crimp style. Epoxy style: This method is more involved and requires bonding the connector to the end of the fiber using and epoxy or anaerobic method. Once the epoxy is cured, the connector end is polished to a fine, flat surface. Time consuming Power (Heat) may be required to cure the epoxy Consumable items with a life span Expensive kits Crimp Style: This method utitilizes the same technology found in a mechanical splice. The fiber is cleaved and mated with a pre-polished fiber. Once a fiber cable is placed into the connector an activation pin splices the two fibers together, and then a crimp is executed to the buffer. Quick termination time No consumable life span items Inexpensive Kits Non-Crimp Style: This method is similar to the Crimp style. The connector has a pre-polished fiber. Once a fiber cable is placed into the connector, an activation tab clamps internal the connector to make a solid internal splice in the connector. The quickest termination of fiber in the industry - Less than 5 Seconds No consumable life span items Inexpensive Mixing Core Sizes

19 Splice: Mechanical Splice Most practical method to perform a fiber optic splice. The splice is filled with index matching gel that allows light to be coupled from one fiber to another. Time to perform: Less than 2 min. Cost: Low Loss:.5-1dB Fusion Splice Different methods of Fusion Splice. Two separate fibers are fused together with an electric arc. Cost: Intermediate to extremely expensive Loss:.01 up to.5 db ADAPTOR SPLICE Two connected fibers- with an adaptor ST to ST, ST to SC, SC to SC, LC to LC, SC to LC Cost: Low Loss: 1.5dB - also add the loss of both connectors

20 Fiber Optics in the AV World: AV World: Applications VGA RGBHV HDMI DVI HDSDI Stereo Audio Fiber Optic Cables can support all of these applications with low loss and extended distances. RS-232 Others: Crestron Digital Media 8G Example: 1 CRESTRON Digital Media DM8G: HDMI, Component Video, and LAN Connections Connectors - SC Maximum Distance ft Crestron does not supply a Power Budget for these products.

21 Fiber Optics in the AV World: Fiber TX - or Distribution Amplifier Video Distribution Cables AMP Speaker Cable Fiber Optic Cables RS-232 Control Video Distribution Cables Audio Cables Optical Power Budget: Cable: 50/125µm Wavelength: 850nm No. of Fibers: 2-50/125µm Termination: Coax- RGBHV (5 BNC) and VGA (HD15) to Fiber SC Power Budget: 7dB 850nm - 1km SC Connectors (2) System Safety Margin Total Loss- = 3.00dB = 1.50dB = 3.00dB 7.50dB theoretical number Note: Extron Distance 8/125µm 30Km (18.75miles) 50/125µm 1Km (3280ft) 62.5/125µm 300m (985ft) Glass Type 50/125µm MultiMode Code (X) Optical Characteristics Operating Wavelength (nm) Min. Bandwidth (MHz-km) Max. Attn. (db-km) A 850nm/1300nm 500/ / /125µm MultiMode B 850nm/1300nm 200/ /1.25 8/125µm SingleMode W 1300nm/1550nm --.80/.50

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23 Fiber Optics in the Security World: Security World Fiber Optics: CCTV Fire Alarm Panel Communication Access Control Panel Communications Intrusion Detection Audio Data/Control Most fiber optic security applications utilize multimode fiber combined with ST terminations. Example 1: CCTV Video Optical Power Budget: Cable: 62.5/125µm Wavelength: 850nm No. of Fibers: 1 or /125µm Termination: Coax- BNC, Fiber Optics - ST Power Budget: 12dB 850nm - 2.5km ST Connectors (2) System Safety Margin Total Loss - = 7.50dB = 1.50dB = 3.00dB 12.00dB theoretical number Coaxial Cables Fiber Optic Cable To Video Equipment

24 8 Video Signals To Video Equipment Fiber Optic Cable Coaxial Cables 8 channel digital encoder multiplexer 8 channel digital encoder multiplexer Example 2: CCTV Video with Multiplexing Optical Power Budget: Cable: 62.5/125µm Wavelength: 850nm No. of Fibers: /125µm Termination: Coax- BNC, Fiber Optics - ST Power Budget: 16dB 850nm - 2km ST Connectors (2) System Safety Margin Total Loss - = 6.00dB = 1.50dB = 3.00dB 10.50dB theoretical number Glass Type 50/125µm MultiMode 62.5/125µm MultiMode 8/125µm SingleMode Code (X) Optical Characteristics Operating Wavelength (nm) Min. Bandwidth (MHz-km) Max. Attn. (db-km) A 850nm/1300nm 500/ /1.25 B 850nm/1300nm 200/ /1.25 W 1300nm/1550nm --.80/.50

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26 INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES Fiber Optic Kits Kits and Connectors- FiberExpress - Optimax Catalog No. FI-3635 FI-3634 FI-3641 FI-8829 FI-8832 FI-8835 FI-8837 FI-1075 FI-1074 FI-0028 FI-0029 FI-1077 FI-1076 FI-1791 FI-1792 FI-1793 FI-1794 FI-1981 FI-1982 FI-1983 FI-1984 Optimax Tools and Accessories Description OPTIMAX Complete Kit Installation Tool- ST ST Compatible Crimp Tool Fiber Cleaver Microscope ST 900um Connector /125um ST Universal connector- 62.5/125um ST 900um Connector - 50/125um ST Universal connector- 50/125um SC Universal connector- 62.5/125um SC 900um connector- 62.5/125um SC 900um connector- 50/125um SC Universal connector- 50/125um ST Single-Mode 900um connector SC Single-Mode 900um connector ST- Accessory Kit For Jacketed Single-Mode SC- Accessory Kit For Jacketed Single-Mode LC 900um connector- 62.5/125um LC 900um connector- 50/125um LC 900um connector- Single-Mode LC- Accessory Kit For Jacketed Single-Mode Fiber Fiber Optic Kits Kits and Connectors- FiberExpress - Brilliance FI-4270 FiberExpress Tools and Accessories Catalog No. Description FI-4270 FI-4240 FI-4241 FI-4242 FI-4243 FI-4244 FI-4245 FI-4246 FI-4247 FiberExpress Field Installable Complete Kit LC Connectors LC - 900µm, Multimode Beige Connector, 62.5um LC - 900µm, Multimode Black Connector, 50um LC - 900µm, Multimode Aqua Connector, 50um LC - 900µm, Single-mode Blue Connector, 8um SC Connectors SC - 900µm, Multimode Beige Connector, 62.5um SC - 900µm, Multimode Black Connector, 50um SC - 900µm, Multimode Aqua Connector, 50um SC - 900µm, SINGLE-MODE Blue Connector, 8um WEST PENN WIRE CABLE WITH CONFIDENCE

27 Fiber Optic Cable Splice and Adaptors INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES Splicing Tools and Splice Catalog No. Description 3M M Mechanical Splice Tool 3M M Splice FI-8400 Universal 3M Splice Tray Enclosure FI-SPTRME West Penn Wire Splice Tray for Wall Mount Enclosures FI-8102 FI-8200 FI-8300 FI-8400APC FI-8521 FI FI-SCLFF FI-DLCFF Panel Mount Adapters Adapter- ST to ST MultiMode or Single-Mode Adapter- ST to ST Single-Mode Adapter- SC to SC MultiMode or Single-Mode SC Adapter- APC Polished - Green FC/APC Adapter SC to ST Adapter MultiMode LC to SC Adapter Duplex LC/LC Adapter FI M M-2529 FI-8300 FI Fiber Optic Cable Breakout- Fanout Kits FI-1100 Catalog No. FI-1100 FI-1101 FI-FT900 Fanout Kits Description 6 Fiber- color coded 12 Fiber- color coded 900um Tubing- Clear Fiber Optic Cable Innerduct Catalog No. FI-6211 FI-6311 FI-6212 Innerduct Description 1 Poly -250 with pull tape 1 Plenum -250 with pull tape 1 Riser -250 with pull tape FI-6211 Notes: Additional sizes and lengths are available upon request. CABLE WITH CONFIDENCE WEST PENN WIRE

28 FIBER OPTIC ACCESSORIES Fiber Optic Rackmount Enclosures PP-W1U1 PP-W2U1 PP-W4U1 FI-RM24 FI-RM48 FI-RME24STL FI-RME48STL Rack Mount Patch Panels 1 RU - Accomodates - 3 Adapter Plates 2 RU - Accomodates - 6 Adapter Plates 3 RU - Accomodates -12 Adapter Plates 2 RU - Accomodated 4 Adapter Plates 3 RU - Accomodated 8 Adapter Plates 24 Port ST Loaded ( H X 8.00D) 48 Port ST Loaded ( H X 8.00D) Fiber Optic Wallmount Enclosures PP-WM1S PP-WM2S PP-WM4S FI-WM12 FI-WM24 FI-WM48 FI-WM100 WallMount Patch Panels 1 Adapter Plate - Wall Mount 7 x6 x1.5 2 Adapter Plate - Wallmount x13 x Adapter Plate - Wallmount x15 x3.5 2 Adapter Plate- Wallmount WPW 4 Adapter Plate - Wallmount WPW 8 Adapter Plate - Wallmount WPW 20 Adapter Plate - Wallmount WPW Adapter Strip Plates: 5.1 x1.15 x Black Powder Coat AS-WC06M AS-WC06G AS-WC06S AS-WC12M AS-WC12G AS-WC12S AS-WT06M AS-WT06S AS-WT12M AS-WT12S AS-WL12M AS-WL12G AS-WL12S AS-WC24M AS-WC24G AS-WC24S Fiber Optic Adapter Plates SC Simplex Multimode - 6 Fiber SC Simplex 10G Multimode - 6 Fiber SC Simplex SingleMode - 6 Fiber SC Simplex Multimode - 12 Fiber SC Simplex 10G Multimode - 12 Fiber SC Simplex SingleMode - 12 Fiber ST Simplex Multimode - 6 Fiber ST Simplex SingleMode - 6 Fiber ST Simplex Multimode - 12 Fiber ST Simplex SingleMode - 12 Fiber LC Simplex Multimode - 12 Fiber LC Simplex 10G Multimode - 12 Fiber LC Simplex SingleMode - 12 Fiber LC Simplex Multimode - 24 Fiber LC Simplex 10G Multimode - 24 Fiber LC Simplex SingleMode - 24 Fiber CABLE WITH CONFIDENCE WEST PENN WIRE

29 FIBER OPTIC ASSEMBLIES Fiber Optic Cable Assemblies Assemblies /125um, 50/125um, 50/125um OM3, and SingleMode ST Fiber Optic Assemblies Catalog No. Description FI-X001-xx FI-X002-xx Simplex ST to ST Replace xx with:3,6,10,15,30 Duplex ST to ST Replace xx with:3,6,10,15,30 SC Fiber Optic Assemblies Catalog No. Description FI-X001-xxSC FI-X002-xxSC Simplex SC to SC Replace xx with:3,6,10,15,30 Duplex SC to SC Replace xx with:3,6,10,15,30 LC Fiber Optic Assemblies Catalog No. Description FI-X001-xxLC FI-X002-xxLC Simplex LC to LC Replace xx with:3,6,10,15,30 Duplex LC to LC Replace xx with:3,6,10,15,30 ST to SC Fiber Optic Assemblies Catalog No. Description FI-X001-xxST/SC FI-X002-xxST/SC Simplex ST to SC Replace xx with:3,6,10,15,30 Duplex ST to SC Replace xx with:3,6,10,15,30 SC to LC Fiber Optic Assemblies Catalog No. Description FI-X001-xxLC/SC FI-X002-xxLC/SC Simplex SC to LC Replace xx with:3,6,10,15,30 Duplex SC to LC Replace xx with:3,6,10,15,30 Fiber Optic Assembly Glass Size Repace X with: Core Glass Size Description 1 50um um 3 8um 4 50um LOF Standard 50micron Fiber optic glass type Multi-Mode Standard 62.5micron fiber optic glass type Multi-Mode 8micron Single Mode fiber optic glass type SingleMode OM3 Laser Optimized 50micron Multi-Mode Replace xx with: 3, 6,10, 15, 30 Feet FI LC SingleMode 15ft. LC to LC Assembly CABLE WITH CONFIDENCE WEST PENN WIRE

30 Distribution Racks DISTRIBUTION RACKS Free Standing Swing Rack Catalog# D E S C R I P T I O N Height Weight XSW Swing Rack # XSW-0100 XSW-0200 Power Strip Mounting Kit (mounting kit only) Pwr. Strip ordered separately. Wire Basket (Top Mount) mounting brackets and wire basket 2 H x 8 W x 24 L Distribution Rack- Steel Knockdown 2 Post Catalog# D E S C R I P T I O N Height Weight Mounting XDR Distribution Rack- Tapped front Rails 48 34lbs. 19 XDR Distribution Rack - Tapped front Rails 72 43lbs. 19 XDR Distribution Rack - Tapped front Rails 84 50lbs. 19 XDR Distribution Rack -#10-32 tapped- 3 Channel w/angle base 84 63lbs. 19 XDR Distribution Rack- #10-32 tapped - 3 Channel w/angle base 84 70lbs. 23 XDR Distribution Rack- #12-24 tapped- 3 Channel w/angle base 84 63lbs. 19 XDR Distribution Rack- #12-24 tapped - 3 Channel w/angle base 84 70lbs. 23 Distribution Rack- Steel Welded 2 Post Catalog# D E S C R I P T I O N Height Weight Mounting XDR W 84 Distribution Rack -#10-32 tapped- 3 Channel w/angle base 84 66lbs. 19 XDR W 84 Distribution Rack- #10-32 tapped - 3 Channel w/angle base 84 73lbs. 23 XDR W 84 Distribution Rack- #12-24 tapped- 3 Channel w/angle base 84 66lbs. 19 XDR W 84 Distribution Rack- #12-24 tapped - 3 Channel w/angle base 84 73lbs. 23 Distribution Rack- Steel Seismic 2 Post Catalog# D E S C R I P T I O N Height Weight Mounting XDR Distribution Rack -#10-32 tapped- 6 Channel w/angle base lbs. 19 XDR Distribution Rack- #10-32 tapped - 6 Channel w/angle base lbs. 23 Distribution Rack- Aluminum Post Catalog# D E S C R I P T I O N Height Weight Mounting BHRR Distribution Rack -#12-24 Tapped Black, Knockdown 3 channel 84 30lbs. 19 BHR Distribution Rack -#12-24 Tapped Black, Knockdown 6 channel 84 41lbs. 19 BHRR Distribution Rack -#12-24 Tapped Black, Knockdown 3 channel 84 32lbs. 23 Vertical Cable Manager Catalog# D E S C R I P T I O N XDR-7201 XDR-8401 XDR Vertical Cable Manager - Compatible with XDR Vertical Cable Manager 84 Vertical Cable Manager double sided w/ Removable Cover CABLE WITH CONFIDENCE WEST PENN WIRE

31 Testing Procedures: Continuity Check: A simple continuity test for short-to-medium length fiber optic links is to shine a flashlight into a cleaved or connected link and observe if light comes out of the other end. On short lengths, it may be necessary to cleave only the end where the flashlight injects light into the fiber. This simple check can be made on cable lengths of up to a mile and more. If cable ends are outdoors, sunlight may be used. NOTE: on longer lengths, the light observed at the opposite end may appear red in color. This is normal and is caused by the filtering of light within the fiber. CAUTION: NEVER LOOK DIRECTLY INTO A FIBER CONNECTED TO LIGHT LAUNCHING EQUIPMENT. THIS CAN CAUSE PERMANENT EYE DAMAGE Optical Power Measurements When an optical cable has been installed, all splices made and connectors attached, it must be determined if the system is capable of delivering the required power. The simplest test requires a light source of the same type, wavelength and approximate power as that of the equipment to be used. The system equipment itself is often a satisfactory source. The first step is to obtain an approximate measure of system launch power. A short test cable with the same fiber and connector style as the installed cable can be used for this procedure. One end of the short cable is connected to the light-launching equipment. The other end is connected to an optical power meter. After the initial reading is taken on the short length of test cable, a second similar reading is taken with the installed cable in place. The difference between the two readings indicates the additional power losses due to fiber length and differences in optical qualities of connectors. Because approximate fiber losses are known, losses greater than 1.0 to 1.5 db above fiber losses might indicate an inferior connection - requiring either repolishing or replacement. The Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) OTDRs are typically used to measure distance and attenuation over the entire fiber link. They are also used to identify specific points along the link where losses occur, such as splices. An OTDR is an optical radar which measures time of travel and the return strength of a short pulse of light launched into an optical fiber. Small reflections occur throughout the fiber, becoming weaker as power levels drop with distance. At major breaks, large reflections occur and appear as strong peaks on an oscilloscope. Testing of short and medium distance fiber optic systems seldom requires an OTDR. In smaller systems, optical power meter tests are faster and more useful. Many instrument rental companies are now offering OTDR's as well as other fiber optic splicing and test equipment.

32 Safety Procedures: Safety is an important aspect of working with fiber. There are several safety considerations that should be remembered when working with fiber optic systems. Remember: 1. DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY INTO AN ACTIVE LASER OR THE END OF AN ACTIVE FIBER! Since the laser light source is infrared, you won t see anything, but you can still receive serious eye damage. 2. FIBER IS GLASS! Fiber optic glass is sharp and small. Be sure to dispose the glass properly. Each connector kit has plastic container bottles that shall be used to dispose the fiber glass. 3. WEAR SAFETY GLASSES! Again, fiber is glass that is sharp and small. A fiber sliver can be broken easily West Chestnut Street Washington, PA Toll Free: Fax: sales@westpenn-wpw.com