A Hybrid MAC Layer for Localization and Data Communication in Ultra Wide Band Based Wireless Sensor Networks
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1 A Hybrid MAC Layer for Localization and Data Communication in Ultra Wide Band Based Wireless Sensor Networks 11th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics Bochum, Germany Manuel Janssen, Andreas Busboom, Udo Schoon, Carsten Koch, Gerd von Cölln Hochschule Emden/Leer, Germany University of Applied Sciences, Department of Informatics and Electronics {Carsten.Koch, 31. July 2013
2 Outline Outline Motivation Outline motivation system overview related MAC protocols proposed MAC layer solution evaluation results summary and outlook M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
3 Motivation Outline Motivation Context Offshore operations: part of research project SOOP - Safe Offshore OPerations contribution to the industrialization of offshore wind energy today: manual process monitoring (TETRA radio, visual,... ) system architecture as base to generate an overview of the operation wireless sensor network (WSN) for communication and localization under harsh environmental conditions M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
4 Motivation Outline Motivation Wireless Sensor Network most available approaches either focus on: localization (e.g. Active-RFID networks) or communication (e.g. ZigBee networks) required is a combination of both with a rugged radio link for industrial applications in our case: rough maritime environment due to the strong requirements decision of the right radio technology felt on Ultra Wideband (UWB) [5] approach can be easily mapped to many problems in the industries M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
5 Components WSN architecture Challenge Components Mobile node (Slave) Stationary node (Anchor) Gateway (Master) I wireless transceiver module I wireless transceiver module I baseboard with processing unit and sensor interfaces I IPC connected to a wireless transceiver I I NMEA wrapper can also be a mobile node M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN I 31. July 2013 wireless transceiver module 5/19
6 WSN architecture Components WSN architecture Challenge M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
7 WSN architecture Components WSN architecture Challenge range request M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
8 Challenge Components WSN architecture Challenge collision! M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
9 Classical methods Classical methods IEEE MAC Channel based (contention free) [2]: FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access Packet based (contention access) [2]: ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA,... CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA,... Token Ring,... M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
10 IEEE MAC Classical methods IEEE MAC IEEE MAC supports additional physical layers such as Ultra Wideband (UWB) Superframe n-1 Superframe n Superframe n+1 Channel time allocation period centralized beacon enabled protocol [1] Contention Beaconperiod Period Access (CSMA/CA) MCTA 1 MCTA 2 CTA 1 CTA 2 CTA k based on a time-slotted superframe structure [4] Figure: the IEEE time-slotted superframe structure M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
11 Protocol structure Protocol structure Slot configuration Scheduling and slot assignment Communication flow Properties replaced contention access period by contention free period cause CSMA/CA could be a difficult task in UWB-WSNs [3] also it is non deterministic and unsuitable for time critical applications fully collision free and predictable multiple access combines TDMA and CDMA enables simultaneous channel access Superframe n-1 Superframe n Superframe n+1 Beaconperiod Contention free access (CDMA/TDMA) Ranging period Channel time allocation period CTA 1 CTA 2 CTA 3 CTA 4 Data period Figure: modified time-slotted superframe structure from the IEEE MAC CTA k M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
12 Slot configuration Protocol structure Slot configuration Scheduling and slot assignment Communication flow Structure two-dimensional slot configuration m-time slots n-code channels code channel (c) c 6 c 5 c 4 c 3 c 2 registration process ranging measurements c 1 Different stages 1. beacon period 2. ranging period and registration process 3. data period c 0 data communication beacon t 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t 4 t 5 t 6 t 7 t 8 Slot duration ranging slot = 40ms data slot = 60ms time (t) M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
13 Scheduling and slot assignment Protocol structure Slot configuration Scheduling and slot assignment Communication flow code channel c 4 Node 4 Node 3 Node 2 Node 1 Node 6 Node 5 free c 3 Node 3 Node 2 Node 1 Node 6 Node 5 Node 4 free c 2 Node 2 Node 1 Node 6 Node 5 Node 4 Node 3 free c 1 Node 1 Node 6 Node 5 Node 4 Node 3 Node 2 free c 0 free free free free Node 1 Node free 2 Node 3 time t 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t 4 t 5 t 6 t 7 Ranging period Data period Figure: Scheduling segment with 6 mobile nodes (slaves) M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
14 Communication flow Protocol structure Slot configuration Scheduling and slot assignment Communication flow Master Slave build MAC frame with slot assignment broadcast MAC frame broadcast invitation message listen for invitation acknowledgements check response and update node list start/reset timer for synchronization register new nodes listen for data response from mobile nodes listen for MAC frame start/reset slot timer check slots assigned to YES start ranging measurements calculate position send data response registered? select code channel 0 NO NO listen for invitation received? YES send confirm Figure: flow chart of the gateway (master) Figure: flow chart of a mobile node (slave) M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
15 results results send MAC beacon switch channel send registration frame Network setup one gateway station (master) five mobile nodes (slaves) four stationary nodes (anchors) Results totaltime of 564 ms update frequency of 1.8 Hz twice as fast as compared to classical methods like TDMA (1136 ms 0.9 Hz) TX RX data response from mobile nodes switch code channel and send range requests select channel 0 and send data back to gateway received MAC frame M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
16 Literature The aim of the paper was to present a new efficient MAC layer for UWB based WSNs which combines localization and data communication for industrial applications Summary propose of an efficient MAC layer for industrial applications possibility of simultaneous channel access overcomes limitations of related MAC protocols scalable depending on the network configuration verification of performance by comparison to classical methods (TDMA) Outlook decrease power consumption by extend sleep modes in unused slots currently working on a multi master architecture to... increase the network range enhance the reliability of the whole network system optimization of sequential data period M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
17 Literature Literature [1] L.X. Cai, Xuemin Shen, and J. Mark. Efficient MAC protocol for ultra-wideband networks. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 47(6): , june [2] Jin Ding, Li Zhao, Sirisha R. Medidi, and Krishna M. Sivalingam. MAC Protocols for Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) Wireless Networks: Impact of Channel Acquisition Time. In in Proc. SPIE ITCOM 2002, pages , [3] Fabrice Legrand, Isabelle Bucaille, Serge Héthuin, Luca De Nardis, Guerino Giancola, Maria gabriella Di Benedetto, Ljubica Blazevic, and et al. U.C.A.N. s Ultra Wide Band System: MAC and Routing protocols, [4] Mohd Shahril and Izuan Mohd. Finding the Optimal MAC Protocol for Low-Power High Data Rate Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Networks. cms.livjm.ac.uk, pages 19 24, [5] Thorsten Wehs, Manuel Janssen, Carsten Koch, and Gerd von Cölln. System architecture for data communication and localization under harsh environmental conditions in maritime automation. In IEEE 10th International Conference on Industrial Informatics, M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
18 A Hybrid MAC Layer for Localization and Data Communication in Ultra Wide Band Based Wireless Sensor Networks 11th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics Bochum, Germany Manuel Janssen, Andreas Busboom, Udo Schoon, Carsten Koch, Gerd von Cölln Hochschule Emden/Leer, Germany University of Applied Sciences, Department of Informatics and Electronics {Carsten.Koch, 31. July 2013
19 Duration of each superframe Literature The total time of each superframe is: t sf = B + R + D B is the duration of the beacon period ( 36 ms) R is the duaration of the ranging period (assumption: r c) { 4 + (r 4) t rslot, 0 < m 4, t rp = r m t c rslot, m > 4 D is the duration of the data period: t dp = m t dslot M. Janssen Hybrid MAC Layer for UWB-WSN 31. July /19
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