Level 3 Paediatric First Aid. Pre course study material. Learning and Development

Transcription

1 Level 3 Paediatric First Aid Pre course study material Learning and Development

2 Please study the following tables carefully. Pre course study guide The tables list conditions covered on the Paediatric first aid syllabus. They are grouped into conditions relevant to; The airway and breathing The airway and circulation Miscellaneous conditions Injuries to muscles bones and joints Disorders of the brain Effects of heat and cold on the body Each condition is explained by; Definition - explains the meaning of the condition. Cause - gives the common causes or triggers for the condition occurring. Recognition - explains the common signs or symptoms associated with the condition. Treatment - outlines suggested considerations and recommendations when treating the condition. Notes - Additional information related to the condition. Please be aware that the information is for guidance purposes only, is not exhaustive and must be supported by the relevant classroom based training.

3 Disorders of the airway and breathing Asthma Drowning Electric shock Inhaled gas or smoke Anaphylactic Shock Seizures Allergic reaction in the lungs. Asphyxia due to submersion in water Body conducting live current Inhaled poison entering the lungs Massive allergic reaction in the body Abnormal electrical disturbance in the brain Dust, fumes, animal hair, temperature changes. Fallen in, non swimmer, thin ice, seizure, head injury etc. Playing around electrical appliances, faulty equipment Chemical spill, small fire, fumes etc Allergy - fish and shellfish, nuts and seeds, stings etc. Stress, excitement, bright lights. Dry cough, long wheezy breathing, and difficulty in speaking, distressed or anxious. Wet, coughing, exhausted, unconscious. Unconscious/cardiac arrest, Body spasms, entry/exit burns Difficulty in breathing, confusion or headache, burns to airway Swelling to throat, neck, lips and tongue. Red blotchy skin. Anxiety/fearful. Body spasms, arched back, breath holding, puffy red face. Sit upright, use inhaler, remain calm and reassure DR Help AB, reach or throw - don't go. Be prepared to resuscitate, 999/112 Make the area safe, break the supply, treat burns, CPR DR help AB, remove from source/cause treat burns Minor - anti - histamine, urgent 999/112. Treat airway or breathing. Remove excessive clothing, sponge down with tepid water. 999/112: Severe distress, 1st attack or medication not effective. Beware of secondary drowning Beware high voltage electricity Be aware of your own safety Epi pen with appropriate training. 999/112 longer than 5 minutes or repeated within 3 minutes. Injury or 1st episode.

4 Choking Disorders of the airway and circulation Airway has partial obstruction Eating or placing an object into mouth + a sharp intake of breath Partial - Loud cry/cough, watery eyes & distressed appearance. Baby - back blows/chest thrusts. Child - back blows/abdominal thrusts. 3 cycles 999, AB, recovery or CPR. Seek medical attention if abdominal thrusts have been used Choking Airway has a full obstruction Eating or placing an object into mouth + a sharp intake of breath Full - Unable to cry, unable to cough, distressed appearance Baby - back blows/chest thrusts. Child - back blows/abdominal thrusts. 3 cycles 999, AB, recovery or CPR. Seek medical attention if abdominal thrusts have been used Shock Loss of circulating fluids Bleeding, burns, vomiting diarrhoea Pale, cold clammy skin, rapid shallow breathing, dizzy and sick. Treat cause; lay down raise legs, loosen tight clothing, reassure, cover with a blanket, 999/112 hospital will be required. Nil by mouth, no direct heat

5 Disorders of the brain Febrile Convulsion Seizures in young children Reaction to high body temperature Violent muscle twitching Clenched fists Fever, hot flushed skin Pad around child Remove outer clothing Sponge with tepid water 999 Do not overcool Fractured skull A break in the bony skull An impact or blow to the head Bruising around the eyes. Bleeding or fluid loss from ears/eyes/nose. Treat open wounds, Monitor, recovery position if unconscious. Concussion Compression Brain has been shaken Pressure exerted on the brain Direct blow to the jaw/head - or fall from height Recent head injury Signs of shock Mild headache Sick Memory loss Slow deep breathing Headache Flushed skin, Unequal pupils 999 Make comfortable Check level of response Treat any injuries Urgent 999/112, recovery if unconscious Beware of compression May develop over four days Meningitis Inflammation of the linings of the brain Bacterial or Viral infection Flu like symptoms, violent vomiting, severe headache, stiff neck, dislike of bright lights, seizures, skin rash or bruise 999/112 urgently - Reassure Do not wait for all the signs to appear

6 Miscellaneous Conditions Burns Poisoning Diabetes Eye Injuries Foreign Bodies in Ear/nose Bites and Stings Sickle cell Damage to tissues due to excess heat/cold Anything that can cause temporary or permanent harm Pancreas failing to make or secrete insulin. Recent damage to an eye Foreign object in ear/nose Puncture wounds causing harm Red blood cells become distorted, blocking blood vessels. Dry, scalds, radiation, friction, electrical, cold, chemicals Inhaled, Injected, Absorbed, Swallowed Virus, hereditary, diet. Chemical splash Bright lights Foreign object Dust etc Object pushed in to ear/nose Insect or plant sting, animal or human bites Getting cold or wet, over exertion. Temperature changes (hot to cold.) Stressed or upset. Superficial - red and tender. Partial thickness - blisters. Full thickness - charred. Various - be aware of breathing difficulties. Hypo - pale, sweaty, confused. Hyper - red and flushed, breath smells of acetone. Red Watery Pain Blurred vision Visible object, witnessed incident Swelling and pain, visible marks Pain in bones and joints, vomiting, difficulty in breathing Cold water for 10 minutes Remove jewellery Dress (Clingfilm) DRAB. Find out what's been taken. Hypo - cold sugary drink, carbs. Hyper, medical assistance. Face a light source, Examine eye Irrigate if necessary Leave alone, sit upright, ensure child doesn't push object further in, reassurance Brush/scrape sting off Rest, follow care plan. Contact parents. Chemical burnsflood for 20 minutes Sips of milk or water for corrosive substances Unsure, treat as hypo. Do not touch coloured part of eye or anything sticking to eye surface. Do not use tweezers In signs of emergency 999/112

7 Bone, joint and muscle injuries Condition Definition Cause Recognition Treatment Fractures Dislocations A crack or a break in a bone Bone has come out of the joint Direct/indirect or a twisting force. Loss of power, unnatural movement, pain deformity, selling, bruising, protrusion or bony tenderness. Support Immobilise 999/1112 transport to hospital Reassure Same as above Same as above Same as above Sprains Injury to a ligament Same as above Same as above R est I ce C ompress E levate Strains Injury to a muscle or a tendon Same as above Same as above Same as above Spinal injury Damage to the spinal cord Head injury, force or impact. Pain in neck or back, loss of feeling or power, pins and needles in limbs. Keep still, recovery position if unconscious, CPR if required. Crushing injury limbs crushed by a heavy object. Wrong place, wrong time. Visual. Less than 15 minutes, remove. More than 15 minutes, leave and call 999/112.

8 Effects of heat and cold Hypothermia Body core temperature has cooled to 35 o or less Wet clothing or cold water. Cold or windy conditions. Cold tired or confused. Slow heart rate and breathing. Initial shivering then muscle stiffness. Warm room, warm drinks, wrap in blankets. Replace wet clothing. 999/112 if severe. No direct heat. Heat Exhaustion Loss of salt and water through sweating. Exercising in heat/humidity Pale, cold and clammy, rapid heart rate and breathing, confusion and weakness Sips of fluid, lay down, legs raised, shady area Beware of heat stroke Heat Stroke Body is overheating to 40 o + that brain damage can occur Sweating mechanism fails Red, hot flushed skin. Slow heart rate and breathing. Headache, lowering of responses. Remove outer clothing, sponge down. Wrap in wet sheets, replace with dry when cooled, 999/112 Do not over cool