M. KMEŤ: Rozumejú rómski žiaci čítanému textu? 230

Transcription

1 OBSAH 3/2008 G. LOJOVÁ; Neurolingvistické a psycholingvistické aspekty mozgovej činnosti a učenie sa cudzích jazykov 199 P. PALÍŠEK: Vliv pohlaví a temperamentu na zvládaní zátěžových situací v období adolescence 213 PSYCHOLÓGIA A VÝCHOVNO-VZDELÁVACÍ PROCES M. KMEŤ: Rozumejú rómski žiaci čítanému textu? 230 METODIKY A KONZULTÁCIE I. POPOVIČOVÁ - J. DŽUKA: Zisťovanie intelektového potenciálu detí zo sociálne a inak znevýhodňujúceho prostredia pomocou dynamických testov 239 J. DŽUKA - I. KOVALČÍKOVÁ - L. KOČISOVÁ: Dynamická diagnostika inteligencie detí zo sociálne znevýhodňujúceho prostredia pomocou Testu intelektového potenciálu R. A. Fabiovej 253 E. LISÁ - V. DOČKAL: Pomôže pri diagnostikovaní osobnosti rómskeho dieťaťa Eysenckov osobnostný dotazník? 262 RECENZIE D. KOVÁČ: Psychológiou k metanoi (S. DÉMUTHOVÁ) 282

2 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 3, s NEUROLINGVISTICKÉ A PSYCHOLINGVISTICKÉ ASPEKTY MOZGOVEJ ČINNOSTI A UČENIE SA CUDZÍCH JAZYKOV GABRIELA LOJOVÁ Katedra anglického jazyka a literatúry, Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Komenského, Bratislava NEUROLINGUISTIC AND PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY, AND LEARNING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES Abstract: The contribution suggests the possible application of research findings in neuroscience into the theory and practice of foreign languages learning and teaching. Some neurolinguistic and psycholinguistic characteristics of brain functioning are followed by underlining the aspects that significantly determine the efficacy of language learning. The author offers a brief summary of knowledge and hypotheses about the localization and lateralization of language functions in the brain and presents the results of the comparative study of monolingual and bilingual brain functioning and information about brain functioning with regard to the processes of learning. Some innovative approaches to teaching of foreign languages are also evaluated from this perspective. Key words: brain research, localization of language functions, brain hemisphere dominance, brain-based learning, learning and teaching of foreign languages

3 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 3, s VLIV POHLAVÍ A TEMPERAMENTU NA ZVLÁDANÍ ZÁTĚŽOVÝCH SITUACÍ V OBDOBÍ ADOLESCENCE PAVEL PALÍŠEK Střední škola hotelová a služeb, Kroměříž, ČR INFLUENCE OF SEX AND TEMPERAMENT ON COPING WITH STRESSFUL SITUATIONS IN THE PERIOD OF ADOLESCENCE Abstract: Researched was the influence of sex and temperament and one's character qualities on preference of coping strategies in adolescence. For research of coping behavior the author used SVF 78 Inventory by Janke and Erdman in the Czech translation by Josef Švancara. With goal to find out one's temperament and character dimensions in the group of 62 adolescents the author applied the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R). In strategies of Perseverance, Resignation, and in the category of Negative strategy of SVF 78 Inventory girls achieved significantly higher scores. These results are consistent to a certain extent with results of Ising and Wayers published in the Inventory's manual. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the temperament dimension of Harm Avoidance (TCI-R) and Negative strategies of coping (SVF 78), particularly strategies of Avoidance tendency, Perseverance, Resignation, and Self-blaming. At least approximate influence of the "personality" factor on the fact which coping strategies adolescents choose can be noticed. Key words: coping with stressful situations, sex, temperament

4 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 3, s ROZUMEJÚ RÓMSKI ŽIACI ČÍTANÉMU TEXTU? MARTIN KMEŤ Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava DO ROMA PUPILS UNDERSTAND THE READ-OUT TEXT? Abstract: In the second stage of the longitudinal research of cognitive development of Roma children, the number of 109 Roma pupils of 1 st -6 th grades of basic schools underwent the one's construction test of reading. The preliminary results show that the Roma pupils profoundly fall behind representatives of the non-roma population (even though the control group consisted of pupils with special educational needs). Pupils of 1 st -3 rd degree of basic school do not have their reading technique acquired yet and they only guess the meaning of particular words; older pupils have remarkable problems with understanding of the read-out text even in case it is very simple. This is apparently one of the significant reasons of their failures in school where the prevailing part of information is given particularly by means of written texts. Key words: Roma pupils, reading, understanding of text

5 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 3, s ZISŤOVANIE INTELEKTOVÉHO POTENCIÁLU DETÍ ZO SOCIÁLNE A INAK ZNEVÝHODŇUJÚCEHO PROSTREDIA POMOCOU DYNAMICKÝCH TESTOV IVANA POPOVIČOVÁ - JOZEF DŽUKA Inštitút psychológie, Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity, Prešov LOOKING FOR THE INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF CHILDREN FROM SOCIALLY AND OTHERWISE DISADVANTAGING SETTINGS BY MEANS OF DYNAMIC TESTS Abstract: The contribution informs about foreign researches in the area of dynamic diagnostics of the intellectual potential of children. The analyzed researches focus on children from socially, economically, and culturally disadvantaging settings. On the basis of the findings of the studies described in the work it is possible to conclude that dynamic test procedures have good reliability and validity, and especially in children from socially disadvantaging settings they appear to be a suitable alternative for traditional tests, which rather underestimate cognitive abilities of these children. Key words: dynamic tests, dynamic diagnostics, intellectual potential, children from socially disadvantaging settings

6 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 3, s DYNAMICKÁ DIAGNOSTIKA INTELIGENCIE DETÍ ZO SOCIÁLNE ZNEVÝHODŇUJÚCEHO PROSTREDIA POMOCOU TESTU INTELEKTOVÉHO POTENCIÁLU R. A. FABIOVEJ JOZEF DŽUKA - IVETA KOVALČÍKOVÁ - LUCIA KOČIŠOVÁ Inštitút psychológie FFPU, Prešov DYNAMIC DIAGNOSTICS OF INTELLIGENCE OF CHILDREN FROM SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGING ENVIRONMENT BY MEANS OF TEST OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL BY R. A. FABIO Abstract: The contribution describes the results of measuring intelligence by Test of Intellectual Potential (TIP) by R. A. Fabio, which employs procedures of dynamic diagnostics. The Test was translated from the Italian language to Slovak and administered on the sample of 30 children from socially disadvantaging environment. The gathered results support the present finding that dynamic tests have advantage in their validity aspect in case of disadvantaged groups: In the research, TIP achieved a better parallel validity than the Raven's Test. Unexpected is finding of influence in the order of administering static and dynamic test on the results in TIP test. The gathered results require verification on a larger sample and they accentuate the inevitability to be cautious in interpretation of results of both procedures in dependence on their administration order. Key words: dynamic test, socially disadvantaging settings, diagnostics

7 dieťaťa, 43, 2008, č. 3, s POMÔŽE PRI DIAGNOSTIKOVANÍ OSOBNOSTI RÓMSKEHO DIEŤAŤA EYSENCKOV OSOBNOSTNÝ DOTAZNÍK? ELENA LISÁ - VLADIMÍR DOČKAL Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava WILL THE EYSENCK PERSONALITY INVENTORY HELP IN DIAGNOSTICS OF THE ROMA CHILD'S PERSONALITY? Abstract: The authors tentatively administered the Eysenck Personality Inventory B-JEPI to a 45-member group of 13-year-old children from Roma settlements in Eastern and Western Slovakia. The gathered scores were compared with the norm data of the majority Slovak population and the results were further analyzed regarding the discrimination power of items and internal consistency of scales. Insufficient understanding of questions might influence the results. However, in every case they point to a cultural dependence of answers, to unusability of lie-scores and to an apparently different significance of particular items and searched constructs for Roma children in comparison with members of the majority population. Gender diversity of searched characteristics is much bigger than in the majority population. It suggests that in the area of diagnostics of personality it will be may necessary to develop special methodologies for Roma boys and girls (men and women). Key words: Roma children, diagnostics of personality, Eysenck Personality Inventory, reliability