Feasibility Study of Air Conditioning System With Separated Dehumidification Process Using Low Temperature Exhaust Heat of Ice Storage
|
|
- Blaise Howard
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Feasibility Study of Air Conditioning System With Separated Dehumidification Process Using Low Temperature Exhaust Heat of Ice Storage S. Nakabayashi, K. Nagano, M. Nakamura, S. Okabe Hokkaido University Sapporo, JAPAN Tel: J. Togawa, A. Kurokawa Wakkanai Green Factory Co., Ltd. Wakkanai, JAPAN ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to develop an advanced air conditioning system. The dehumidification process of this system is separated from the cooling process and combined with an ice storage system. We use Wakkanai siliceous shale as a desiccant material. This is a natural mesoporous material produced in the northern area of Hokkaido, Japan. A honeycombed desiccant material made of the shale is cheaper than the one with silica-gel, and it can release vapor easily even by using low-temperature air. It was found that the desiccant process by using the shale honeycomb enables the temperature of regeneration to decrease to 40ºC, whereas the desiccant process using silica-gel needs the temperature of 80ºC. 1. INTRODUCTION Recently the demand for cooling is increasing for comfortable conditions, especially in the urban areas. Because of this demand, energy consumption in the daytime is very large and causes the shortage of electricity. Therefore, a peak shaving using night power for a cold storage is effective for energy saving and the electric load leveling. On the other hand, the humidity control is one of the key factors for indoor comfort. As a comfortable indoor condition, 26ºC and 50 60%RH is recommended in the summertime in Japan. The average temperature and relative humidity of summer in Tokyo is shown in Fig. 1. This shows that dehumidification is necessary. However, the conventional air-conditioning system needs a lot of energy for dehumidification. It cools the humid air to remove moisture condensing the humidity into a droplet. Briefly it spends much energy for removing latent heat. As a result, a desiccant cooling system attracts increasing attention. The desiccant system is an open heat driven cycle, and it consumes less energy for dehumidification. A typical desiccant system is shown in Fig. 2. Because a desiccant wheel adsorbs moisture from the humid air, this system doesn t need supercooling for condensation. Furthermore, we can use the desiccant wheel repeatedly by regenerating with high temperature air. As the regenerating air, waste heat of micro gas turbine, solar energy, and other exhaust heat are useful. In Japan, the solid desiccant systems using silica gel or zeolite filter are mainly used. Although they
2 Temperature [ºC] Relative humidity [%] Temperature Relative humidity /1 7/1 7/31 8/30 9/29 Day Figure 1: 3-year average temperature and relative humidity of summer in Tokyo (06-08). Air handling unit (desiccant) Exhaust heat Refrigerator Regeneration Heater OA Adsorption Desiccant wheel Heat exchange wheel RA Cooler Supply air Dry air Cool air Ice storage in the midnight GL Figure 2: A desiccant system Ice storage tank Figure 3: Concept figure of the desiccant system using the exhaust heat of ice storage have high adsorption performance, they are not familiar to the air-conditioning market because of their prices and high regeneration temperature around 80ºC. In this paper, as an effective utilization of exhaust heat from the refrigerator for the ice storage, the combination with a desiccant system was introduced (Fig. 3). Part of the cooling load is shifted from peak hours to off-peak hours like midnight. And the exhaust heat is used for regenerating the desiccant material. Authors developed a desiccant wheel using Wakkanai siliceous shale as a new desiccant material. Performance evaluation and numerical calculation were achieved. 2. WAKKANAI SILICEOUS SHALE Wakkanai siliceous shale (WSS) is a kind of siliceous mudstone. Figure 4 shows the appearance of this shale. It is widely distributed in northern part of Hokkaido (Soya area) in Japan as shown in Fig. 5, and laid down in layers more than 1,000 meters below the surface. This shale is natural meso-porous material, and it has characteristic pore size distribution as
3 25 [mm] Figure 4: Appearance of Wakkanai siliceous shale Soya area Hokkaido Cape Souya Cape Nosyappu Wakkanai Mining point Toyotomi Sarufutsu Horonobe Tokyo Teshio Figure 5: Distribution map of Wakkanai siliceous shale in Soya area, Hokkaido Pore volume [cm 3 /g] Pore size distribution [nm] Figure 6: Pore size distribution of Wakkanai siliceous shale shown in Fig. 6. The pores in the range from 4 to nm contribute to the moisture adsorption. The primary constituent of this shale is silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). This shale s specific surface area calculated by BET equation is 149 m 2 /g, and the fine pore volume is cm 3 /g. Figure 7 shows the water adsorption isotherms of WSS at 25ºC. WSS adsorbs a lot of water vapor when the relative humidity of air is higher than 70%, however it doesn t adsorb well under the dry condition. Compared with silica gel (type A), WSS starts to adsorb the moisture in the range of higher relative humidity. Although the maximum adsorption amount of WSS is about 3/4 of silica gel (type A), WSS is easier to be regenerated than silica gel because WSS releases the moisture simply when the relative humidity decreases. And the price is about 1/10 of that of silica gel.
4 Adsorption amount [mg/g] WSS Silica gel (type A) Relative humidity [%] Figure 7: Water adsorption isotherms of Wakkanai siliceous shale and silica gel (type A) analyzed at 25ºC. 3. DESICCANT WHEEL CONTAINING WAKKANAI SILICEOUS SHALE To develop a desiccant wheel containing WSS, we made paper using pulp and the WSS powder. WSS powder was obtained by a ball-milling treatment. The highest-frequent diameter of WSS particle was 3.1 µm. The WSS paper was formed into a corrugate-structure filter as shown in Fig.8. The diameter is 150 mm, and the length is 0 mm just for a test production. Two types of pulp were used as WSS filters. For analyzing the adsorption performance, short-term cyclic test was carried out. The experiment condition is shown in Table 2. A condition of term A adsorption- was the simulation of the outside air in the daytime of summer in Tokyo. The other, term B -regeneration- was simulated the return-air from the room (26ºC, 60%RH) heated to 40ºC by using the exhaust heat of the refrigerator. Figure 9 shows the experimental setup and its picture. Summary of the test pieces is shown in Table mm 0 mm Overall view Cross section Extended view 10 mm Figure 8: Appearance of the test production of the desiccant filter containing WSS
5 Table 2: Experiment condition Term A adsorption- Term B -regeneration- Temperature 30ºC 40ºC Relative humidity 75% 32% Time interval 60 min 30 min Table 3: The list of tested filters Base material Adsorbent Weight Filter A Natural pulp WSS g Filter B Chemical fiber WSS g Filter C Chemical fiber Silica gel (type A) g Filter D - Zeolite g Thermo-hygrostat chamber 30ºC, 75%RH Flowmeter Thermal insulator thermoelectric thermometer Thermo & hygrometer Polyethylene film Fan Thermometry point 3-way valve 40ºC 32%RH Supporting leg Electric balance Supporting leg Fan Picture of the test section Thermometry point of a desiccant filter Constant temperature bath Heater Humidifier filter No.1 No.2 No3 No.4 No.5 inlet 50 mm outlet 0 mm Figure 9: Experimental setup The weight changes of these filters in the first and second cycles are shown in Fig. 10. It was confirmed that Filter C silica gel (type A)- and Filter D zeolite- adsorbed moisture in the first cycle, but they couldn t be regenerated enough by 40ºC air. Then, in the second cycle, they couldn t adsorb the same amount of moisture as in the first cycle. On the other hand, Filter A WSS and natural pulp- adsorbed about the same amount of moisture as Filter C, and it could be completely regenerated by 40ºC air. Filter B didn t have a good ability of the moisture adsorption though it contained WSS. The amount of contained WSS was supposed to be less than that of Filter A. This cyclic test showed that Filter A had the best performance for the moisture adsorption in this condition. However, this amount was not enough for a dehumidifying in the humid season in Tokyo. So we must improve the adsorption ability of this filter. In the next section, the numerical calculation program for Filter A was constructed by using the result of this cyclic test.
6 Temp. [ o C] Adsorption amount [g] RH Temp. Term A Filter C Filter D Term B Term A Term B 40 Filter A Filter B Elapsed time [min] Figure 10: The results of weight changes on the short-term cyclic test when the air flow rate was 24m 3 /hr RH [%] 4. NUMERICAL SIMULATION MODEL Feasibility study of the desiccant wheel containing WSS (Filter A) was simulated with a numerical model shown in Fig.11. It was assumed that heat and mass transfer occurred at the same time at each element of the honeycomb. In addition, a micro element was replaced by the slab model. Equations of heat and mass transfer were solved by dividing a micro element into 5 parts along the flowing direction (z-direction). A desiccant wheel Ads Re Each micro element L z Modeling L T ain x ain u a Air ρ a m ad Desiccant material T d Q h x a T a a a α s a d T aout x aout u a Z-direction dz Figure 11: Numerical simulation models In the airflow path, the pressure and the velocity of air were assumed to be constant. And advection flow was singly considered in the one-dimensional direction. Furthermore, heat and mass transfer in the desiccant material was neglected. It was assumed that the distribution of temperature and adsorption amount was homogeneous in the direction of thickness.
7 The dominant equations are as follows: <Mass balance at the layer of air> x x md ρ a + ρ aua + z aa = 0 (1) <Mass balance at the adsorption layer> q mad = ρ d ad (2) <Heat balance at the layer of air> Ta Ta α s ρ acpa + ρ auacpa + ( Ta z aa Td ) = 0 (3) <Heat balance at the adsorption layer> Td q α s ρ d cpd = ρ d qh + ( Ta ad Td ) (4) <Boundary conditions> x = x ain, T a = Tain at z = 0 <Initial conditions> x = x 0, T a = Tain, T d = Tain at t = 0 <Symbols> a: thickness [m], c p : specific heat [kj/kg/k], L: length [m], m: mass transfer amount [kg/m 2 /s], q h : heat of adsorption [W/m 2 ], q: adsorption amount [kg/kg], T: temperature [ºC], t: time [s], u: velocity [m/s], x: absolute humidity [kg/kg], z: position of z-axis direction [m] αs: heat transfer coefficient [W/(m 2 K)], ρ: density [kg/(m 3 )] <Subscripts> a: air, d: desiccant, in: inlet, out: outlet, s: surface, 0: initial condition,ad: adsorption 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 12 shows the comparison of the results of the numerical simulation with those of the experimental measurement about the temperatures of the inlet and the No. 2 point (about 6 cm from the filter s entrance) in Fig. 9, and the inlet and the outlet absolute humidity. As a result, it was confirmed that this numerical model could reproduce the temperature rising immediately after the start of ventilating. And a falling tendency of temperature was approximately reproduced. Furthermore, when the filter length was changed in this simulation, the half length of the 0mm-filter resulted in 75% of the total adsorption amount. It meant the latter half of the filter didn t fully contribute to the adsorption. Next, by using this Filter A model, the outlet absolute humidity was calculated according to the changes of the air flow rates. It was assumed that the diameter of the desiccant wheel was 900 mm and the length was 100 mm. Adsorbing condition (T: 30ºC, AH:.1 g/kg) and regenerating condition (T: 40ºC, AH: 12.6 g/kg) recurred every 6 minutes. The result of the numerical simulation is shown in Fig. 13. The outlet humidity became lower with the reduction of the air flow rates.
8 Temperature [oc] No.2-T (Experimental) No.2-T (Numerical) Inlet-T (Experimental) Inlet-AH (Experimental) Outlet-AH (Experimental) Outlet-AH (Numerical) Elapsed time [min] Figure 12: The results of the numerical simulation and the experimental measurement Absolute humidity [g/kg] Absolute humidity [g/kg] Elapsed time [min] Inlet 0.3 m/s 0.6 m/s 0.9 m/s 0.12 m/s Figure 13: Outlet absolute humidity predicted by the numerical simulation with the changes of the air flow rates when the diameter of the desiccant wheel is 900 mm. 6. CONCLUSION This study shows that Wakkanai siliceous shale is introduced as a new desiccant material. The filter containing the shale can be regenerated by using 40ºC air from the experiment. Thus, an exhaust heat from the refrigerator of the ice storage is reasonable to regenerate this filter. However, the adsorption amount is still the pending issue. REFERENCES Handbook of the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan (13 th edition), Vol. 5, (01) Japan Meteorological Agency: Statistical information of previous meteorological data, Available from: ( in Japanese)
Performance Test of Solar Assisted Solid Desiccant Dryer
Performance Test of Solar Assisted Solid Desiccant Dryer S. MISHA 1,2,*, S. MAT 1, M. H. RUSLAN 1, K. SOPIAN 1, E. SALLEH 1, M. A. M. ROSLI 1 1 Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
More informationCHAPTER 3. BUILDING THERMAL LOAD ESTIMATION
CHAPTER 3. BUILDING THERMAL LOAD ESTIMATION 3.1 Purpose of Thermal Load Estimation 3.2 Heating Load versus Cooling Load 3.3 Critical Conditions for Design 3.4 Manual versus Computer Calculations 3.5 Heating
More informationFrost Damage of Roof Tiles in Relatively Warm Areas in Japan
Frost Damage of Roof Tiles in Relatively Warm Areas in Japan Influence of Surface Finish on Water Penetration Chiemi IBA Hokkaido Research Organization, Japan Shuichi HOKOI Kyoto University, Japan INTRODUCTION
More informationExperimental Evaluation Of The Frost Formation
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2014 Experimental Evaluation Of The Frost Formation Yusuke Tashiro Mitsubishi
More informationInitial Experiments of a Novel Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier for Industrial and Comfort Air Conditioning Systems
Abstract Initial Experiments of a Novel Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier for Industrial and Comfort Air Conditioning Systems M. Jaradat, R. Heinzen, U. Jordan, K. Vajen Kassel University (Germany), Institute
More informationTHE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART: Theory and Application. Perry Peralta NC State University
THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART: Theory and Application Perry Peralta NC State University PSYCHROMETRIC CHART Identify parts of the chart Determine moist air properties Use chart to analyze processes involving
More informationsaving energy in comfort Factsheet Recair Enthalpy
saving energy in comfort Factsheet Recair Enthalpy Introduction Enthalpy Exchanger The enthalpy exchanger is able to transfer both sensible heat and latent heat (moisture) from the cooled to the heated
More informationInternational Telecommunication Union SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF TELECOMMUNICATION CABLES IN PUBLIC NETWORKS
International Telecommunication Union ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Technical Paper (13 December 2013) SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF TELECOMMUNICATION CABLES
More informationMoisture Control. It s The Dew Point. Stupid! Its not the humidity.
Moisture Control Its not the humidity. It s The Dew Point Stupid! Mike Schell EpiphanyTec Inc. Santa Barbara, CA mschell@epiphanytec.com 805 687-3175 Matching great technology to market need! Topics SHR
More informationTotal Heat Versus Sensible Heat Evaporator Selection Methods & Application
Total Heat Versus Sensible Heat Evaporator Selection Methods & Application Scope The purpose of this paper is to provide specifying engineers, purchasers and users of evaporators in industrial refrigeration
More informationStudy on Performance Evaluation of a Split Air Conditioning System Under the Actual Conditions
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2006 Study on Performance Evaluation of a Split Air Conditioning System Under
More informationInternational Telecommunication Union SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF TELECOMMUNICATION CABLES IN PUBLIC NETWORKS
International Telecommunication Union ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Technical Paper (13 December 2013) SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF TELECOMMUNICATION CABLES
More informationDESIGN OF NATURAL VENTILATION WITH CFD CHAPTER SEVEN. Qingyan Chen. difficult to understand and model, even for simple
CHAPTER SEVEN L. Glicksman and J. Lin (eds), Sustainable Urban Housing in China, 116-123 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. DESIGN OF NATURAL VENTILATION WITH CFD Qingyan Chen INTRODUCTION As the
More informationPROCEEDINGS SOLAR 94
PROCEEDINGS OF SOLAR 94 THE 1994 AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE San Jose, California June 25-30,1994 Editors: S. M. Burley M. E. Arden R. Campbell-Howe B. Wilkins-Crowder American Solar
More informationBecause here you can see a simple an elementary direct evaporative cooling system this is called as a single stage system you can see from the
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Prof M. Ramgopal Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture No. # 38 Air Conditioning Systems Welcome back in the last lecture
More informationCFD SIMULATION OF SDHW STORAGE TANK WITH AND WITHOUT HEATER
International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 1, Issue2, July-2012 1 CFD SIMULATION OF SDHW STORAGE TANK WITH AND WITHOUT HEATER ABSTRACT (1) Mr. Mainak Bhaumik M.E. (Thermal Engg.)
More informationA heat pump system with a latent heat storage utilizing seawater installed in an aquarium
Energy and Buildings xxx (2005) xxx xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/enbuild A heat pump system with a latent heat storage utilizing seawater installed in an aquarium Satoru Okamoto * Department of Mathematics
More informationHeat Recovery Dehumidification (HRD) system. Designed for municipal swimming pools
Heat Recovery Dehumidification (HRD) system Designed for municipal swimming pools A dehumidification and ventilation system with dynamic heat pump heat recovery to swimming pool water and air ENVIRONMENTAL
More informationPool Dehumidification Basics
Copyright 2009 Wescor. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for personal and educational use only. When energy costs were low, many pool owners considered only first cost when choosing
More informationDehumidification Frequently Asked Questions
Dehumidification Basics Why do you want to keep indoor Rh between 30-60%? ASHRAE recommends keeping the relative humidity in a home between 30-60% to limit the effects of many unwanted conditions and harmful
More informationRefrigerated Air Dryers. Catalogue
Refrigerated Air Dryers Catalogue GB Why use a refrigerated dryer? Humidity is a component of atmospheric air, which can be found in the compressed air distribution systems and the machines that use the
More informationimagine SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING MADE EASY
imagine SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING MADE EASY WHY SOLAR COOLING? Imagine...being able to fit a solar air conditioning system to your building that would result in dramatic reductions in electricity consumption
More informationHousing Fact Sheets. Moisture Condensation at the Windows
Moisture Condensation at the Windows Housing Fact Sheets This fact sheet discusses the causes of and remedies for wintertime condensation problems that occur on windows, glass, and other glazing materials
More informationEnergy Recovery Ventilation Equipment
AHRI Standard 1060 (I-P) 2013 Standard for Performance Rating of Airto-Air Exchangers for Energy Recovery Ventilation Equipment IMPORTANT SAFETY DISCLAIMER AHRI does not set safety standards and does not
More informationRefrigeration Air Dryers. Catalogue
Refrigeration Air Dryers Catalogue GB Using a dryer is worth it Humidity is a component of atmospheric air, which can be found in our compressed air distribution systems and the machines that use the compressed
More informationDraft UCL Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Policy
Draft UCL Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Policy Page 1 of 7 UCL Estates UCL Heating, Cooling & UCL Heating, Cooling and Document Owner UCL Estates Leadership Team is the Owner of this document. Distribution
More informationSOLAR DESSICANT COOLING EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION TO A LOW ENERGY BUILDING
SOLAR DESSICANT COOLING EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION TO A LOW ENERGY BUILDING Thibaut Vitte, Monika Woloszyn, Jean Brau CETHIL, CNRS UMR 5008, UCBL, INSA, Lyon, France ABSTRACT This article presents the study
More informationENERGY CARRIERS AND CONVERSION SYSTEMS Vol. II - Liquid Hydrogen Storage - Takuji Hanada, Kunihiro Takahashi
LIQUIDHYDROGEN STORAGE Takuji Hanada Air Liquide Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Kunihiro Center for Supply Control and Disaster Management, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Keywords: liquidhydrogen, insulation
More informationTheoretical Study on Separate Sensible and Latent Cooling Air-Conditioning System
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2008 Theoretical Study on Separate Sensible and Latent Cooling Air-Conditioning
More informationRESEARCH HIGHLIGHT. The Impact of Heat Pump Water Heaters on Whole-House Energy Consumption
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT December 2014 Technical Series 14-104 The Impact of Heat Pump Water Heaters on Whole-House Energy Consumption INTRODUCTION Heat pump water heaters are one of the most energyefficient
More informationSheet 5:Chapter 5 5 1C Name four physical quantities that are conserved and two quantities that are not conserved during a process.
Thermo 1 (MEP 261) Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach Yunus A. Cengel & Michael A. Boles 7 th Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN-978-0-07-352932-5, 2008 Sheet 5:Chapter 5 5 1C Name four physical
More informationPOLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS FROM INCINERATOR GASES
POLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS FROM INCINERATOR GASES Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu 35700 Rennes, France Tel 33 (0)2 23 23 80 02 Fax 33 (0)2 23 23 81
More informationExperimental Study on Super-heated Steam Drying of Lignite
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 347-353 (2012) pp 3077-3082 Online available since 2011/Oct/07 at www.scientific.net (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3077
More informationDESIGN OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN AUTOMOBILE
DESIGN OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN AUTOMOBILE Md Shahid Imam, Dr.M.Shameer Basha, Dr.Md.Azizuddin, Dr. K.Vijaya Kumar Reddy 4 M.Tech HVAC II Yr, Royal Institute of Technology & Science Chevella R.R Dist
More informationStudy of Snowdrift around Buildings of Antarctica using Numerical Analysis
The 14th International Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures, Chongqing, China, May 8 - May 13, 2011 Study of Snowdrift around Buildings of Antarctica using Numerical Analysis Y. Yamagishi* 1, S.
More informationMODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF DIRECT EXPANSION AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING ENERGY SAVING
MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF DIRECT EXPANSION AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING ENERGY SAVING V. Vakiloroaya*, J.G. Zhu, and Q.P. Ha School of Electrical, Mechanical and Mechatronic Systems,
More informationA THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF USING SMALL SCALE THERMO CHEMICAL STORAGE UNITS IN DISTRICT HEATING NETWORKS
A THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF USING SMALL SCALE THERMO CHEMICAL STORAGE UNITS IN DISTRICT HEATING NETWORKS Basciotti D. 1, Pol O. 1 1 Energy Department, Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse
More informationGreen Building Handbook for South Africa Chapter: Heating, Ventilation and Cooling Luke Osburn CSIR Built Environment
Green Building Handbook for South Africa Chapter: Heating, Ventilation and Cooling Luke Osburn CSIR Built Environment The heating, ventilation and cooling loads of typical commercial office space can range
More informationYijun Gao, Wei Wu, Zongwei Han, Xianting Li *
Study on the performance of air conditioning system combining heat pipe and vapor compression based on ground source energy-bus for commercial buildings in north China Yijun Gao, Wei Wu, Zongwei Han, Xianting
More informationEffect of Self-Heat Circulation on VOCs Decomposition in Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer
Effect of Self- Circulation on VOCs Decomposition in Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer Shinsuke Iijima 1, Katsuya Nakayama 1, Koichi Ushiroebisu 1 Mitsuhiro Kubota 2 and Hitoki Matsuda 2 1. Engineering Division,
More informationHospital Application Guide. Cost-effective climate control for hospitals
Hospital Application Guide Cost-effective climate control for hospitals Munters is the world leader in dehumidification Munters is the largest manufacturer of dehumidifiers in the world. Since developing
More informationTEXTILE FABRICS AS THERMAL INSULATORS
TEXTILE FABRICS AS THERMAL INSULATORS Zeinab S. Abdel-Rehim 1, M. M. Saad 2, M. El-Shakankery 2 and I. Hanafy 3 1 Mechanical Engineering Department of the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 2
More informationTHE HUMIDITY/MOISTURE HANDBOOK
THE HUMIDITY/MOISTURE HANDBOOK Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Relative Humidity... 3 Partial Pressure... 4 Saturation Pressure (Ps)... 5 Other Absolute Moisture Scales... 8 % Moisture by Volume (%M
More informationCarnegie Mellon University School of Architecture, Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics
Carnegie Mellon University School of Architecture, Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics A Presentation of Work in Progress 4 October 2006 in the Intelligent
More informationCHAPTER 7 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. Blank
CHAPTER 7 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Blank SONNTAG/BORGNAKKE STUDY PROBLEM 7-1 7.1 A car engine and its fuel consumption A car engine produces 136 hp on the output shaft with a thermal efficiency
More informationUNIT 6a TEST REVIEW. 1. A weather instrument is shown below.
UNIT 6a TEST REVIEW 1. A weather instrument is shown below. Which weather variable is measured by this instrument? 1) wind speed 3) cloud cover 2) precipitation 4) air pressure 2. Which weather station
More informationExergy Analysis of a Water Heat Storage Tank
Exergy Analysis of a Water Heat Storage Tank F. Dammel *1, J. Winterling 1, K.-J. Langeheinecke 3, and P. Stephan 1,2 1 Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 2 Center
More informationFederation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Address: Rue Washington 40 1050 Brussels Belgium www.rehva.eu info@rehva.eu Tel: +32 2 514 11 71 Fax: +32 2 512 90 62 Use of
More informationCLOSE CONTROL SYSTEM. PFD series provide you with highly reliable computer room cooling system. High Reliability
PFD-P250VM-E PUHY-P250YJM-A(-BS) PUHY-P500YSJM-A(-BS) PQHY-P250YHM-A CLOSE CONTROL SYSTEM MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC s Close Control System (PFD series) is specifically designed for computer rooms, laboratories
More informationDelivering exceptional performance and Ecovalue. Ecocent
1 Delivering exceptional performance and Ecovalue. Ecocent 2 The Ecocent Hot Water System As the cost of providing heating and hot water continues to increase, homes and businesses are seeking out more
More informationENERGY BALANCE OF LOW ENERGY HOUSE WITH GHPS IN HOKKAIDO
ENERGY BALANCE OF LOW ENERGY HOUSE WITH GHPS IN HOKKAIDO Yasuhiro Hamada, Kiyoshi Ochifuji, Makoto Nakamura and Katsunori Nagano Division of Urban and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering,
More informationA Demonstration Plant of a Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning Unit for Drying Applications
A Demonstration Plant of a Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning Unit for Drying Applications Mustafa Jaradat, Klaus Vajen, Ulrike Jordan Institut für Thermische Energietechnik, Universität Kassel, 34125 Kassel,
More informationWe will study the temperature-pressure diagram of nitrogen, in particular the triple point.
K4. Triple Point of Nitrogen I. OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT We will study the temperature-pressure diagram of nitrogen, in particular the triple point. II. BAKGROUND THOERY States of matter Matter is made
More informationSOLEL SUNCOOLER SOLAR-POWERED AIR-CONDITIONING / HEATING SYSTEM
SOLEL SUNCOOLER SOLAR-POWERED AIR-CONDITIONING / HEATING SYSTEM organization / project coordinator (address, telephone, email) Solel Solar Systems Ltd./ Mr. Avi Brenmiller 3, Hac'shara St, Industrial Zone
More informationApplication of sandy bed solar collector system for water extraction from air
Department: Mechanical Power Name: A.E. Kabeel Title: Application of sandy bed solar collector system for water extraction from air Authors: A.E. Kabeel Published In: Internaional Journal of energy research,30,381
More informationSound pr. (db(a)) Phone: +90 216 394 12 82 Pressure hpa 960.075. Fax: +90 216 394 12 87 Capacity kw 1200.000
Hybrid-Re-Cooler V-2x8 - Offer no. 1328 Sound power (db(a)) Sound pr. (db(a)) Company Schenkel & Partner GmbH 1 Branch Ingenieurbüro Street Bahnhofstrasse 44 Country/ZIP/City 8 Zürich Installation Credit
More informationHow To Understand Evaporator
SECTION 5 COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION UNIT 21 EVAPORATORS AND THE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM UNIT OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, the reader should be able to Define high-, medium-, and low-temperature refrigeration.
More informationFLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER
FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER Creating Energy Independence Since 1975 Impact of Energy-Efficiency Parameters on Home Humidity Rob Vieira Florida Solar Energy Center A Research Institute of the University
More informationGLOBACON 05 HVAC Systems for Cogen
GLOBACON 05 HVAC Systems for Cogen Track 2, Session 2B Advanced HVAC and Building Systems Date: March 24th, 2005 Gearoid Foley President Integrated CHP Systems Corp. Integrated CHP Systems Corp. Electricity
More informationSORBTION MATERIALS FOR APPLICATION IN SOLAR HEAT ENERGY STORAGE
SORBTION MATERIALS FOR APPLICATION IN SOLAR HEAT ENERGY STORAGE P. Gantenbein, S. Brunold, F. Flückiger, U. Frei Institute für Solartechnik SPF, University of Applied Sciences Rapperswil, Switzerland Phone:
More informationPrecision Humidity Measurement for Pharmaceutical Fluid Bed Tablet Coating
Precision Humidity Measurement for Pharmaceutical Fluid Bed Tablet Coating are several reasons why tablet cores are coated, including: Alpharma/Purepac is one of the largest global generic pharmaceutical
More informationLIQUID DESICCANT AIR CONDITIONING Saves energy, Controls humidity, Cleans air
LIQUID DESICCANT AIR CONDITIONING Saves energy, Controls humidity, Cleans air 0 Optimal Air Quality: Critical to Hotels Provides comfortable environment for guests no overcooling Protects building, carpets
More informationBrewer s Spent Grain (BSG) is the granular byproduct from beer brewing. It mainly consists of barley as this is the major raw material used in the
Evaluation of Pilot Scale Drying of Brewer s Spent Grain in a Keith Rotary Superheated Steam Dryer - a Preliminary Investigation Lise-Lott Ström Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology,
More informationMechanical and Natural Ventilation
BBSE3006: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration II http://www.hku.hk/bse/bbse3006/ Mechanical and Natural Ventilation Dr. Sam C. M. Hui Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong E-mail:
More informationDEH software (Energy need of air conditioning units)
DEH software (Energy need of air conditioning units) The software DEH calculated not only the entire energy needs of air-conditioning units, but also the operating costs (heating, cooling, electricity,
More informationHumid Air. Water vapor in air. Trace Glasses 1% Argon (A) Water vapor (H 2
Humid Air Water vapor in air Oxygen 21% Trace Glasses 1% Argon (A) Water vapor (H 2 O) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Neon (Ne) Helium (He) Krypton (Kr) Hydrogen (H) Ozone (O 3 ) Nitrogen 78% Humid Air Water vapor
More informationENERGY SAVING BY COOPERATIVE OPERATION BETWEEN DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING PLANT AND BUILDING HVAC SYSTEM
Proceedings of Building Simulation 211: ENERGY SAVING BY COOPERATIVE OPERATION BETWEEN DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING PLANT AND BUILDING HVAC SYSTEM Yoshitaka Uno 1, Shinya Nagae 1, Yoshiyuki Shimoda 1 1
More informationThermochemical Storage for Air-Conditioning using Open Cycle Liquid Desiccant Technology
Thermochemical Storage for Air-Conditioning using Open Cycle Liquid Desiccant Technology E. Laevemann, M. Peltzer, A. Hublitz, A. Kroenauer, U. Raab, A. Hauer Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research
More informationFEASIBILITY OF A BRAYTON CYCLE AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
FEASIBILITY OF A BRAYTON CYCLE AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM L. H. M. Beatrice a, and F. A. S. Fiorelli a a Universidade de São Paulo Escola Politécnica Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Av. Prof.
More informationHIGH-EFFICIENCY CO 2 HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER SYSTEMS FOR RESIDENTIAL AND NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
1 HIGH-EFFICIENCY CO 2 HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER SYSTEMS FOR RESIDENTIAL AND NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Jørn Stene SINTEF Energy Research, 7465 Trondheim, Norway Jorn.Stene@sintef.no In hotels, hospitals,
More informationTHE THERMAL FLOW METER, A GAS METER FOR ENERGY MEASUREMENT
THE THERMAL FLOW METER, A GAS METER FOR ENERGY MEASUREMENT Kazuto Otakane, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd Katsuhito Sakai, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd Minoru Seto, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd 1. INTRODUCTION Tokyo Gas s new gas meter,
More informationAdSORPTION CHILLER NAK
AdSORPTION CHILLER NAK Chilling Capacity from 50 to 430 kw Usage of Surplus Heat from 50 C Ã*%8ÃPE+Ã TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ADSORPTION CHILLER NAK 1 INTRODUCTION... 2 2 THE PRINCIPLE OF ADSORPTION... 2
More informationCreating Efficient HVAC Systems
Creating Efficient HVAC Systems Heating and Cooling Fundamentals for Commercial Buildings Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for nearly half of the energy used in a typical
More informationCHAPTER 7 THE DEHYDRATION AND SWEETENING OF NATURAL GAS
CHAPTER 7 THE DEHYDRATION AND SWEETENING OF NATURAL GAS Natural gases either from natural production or storage reservoirs contain water, which condense and form solid gas hydrates to block pipeline flow
More informationApplication Potential of Solar-assisted Desiccant Cooling System in Sub-tropical Hong Kong
Application Potential of Solar-assisted esiccant Cooling System in Sub-tropical ong Kong Kwong Fai Fong and Tin Tai Chow Building Energy and Environmental Technology esearch Unit, ivision of Building Science
More informationComparing Air Cooler Ratings Part 1: Not All Rating Methods are Created Equal
Technical Bulletin By Bruce I. Nelson, P.E., President, Colmac Coil Manufacturing, Inc. Comparing Air Cooler Ratings Part 1: Not All Rating Methods are Created Equal SUMMARY Refrigeration air coolers (evaporators)
More informationEvaporative Cooling System for Aquacultural Production 1
Fact Sheet EES-100 March 1993 Evaporative Cooling System for Aquacultural Production 1 C. D. Baird, R. A. Bucklin, C. A. Watson and F. A. Chapman 2 INTRODUCTION Florida aquaculture sales totaled $54 million
More informationThe Second Law of Thermodynamics
Objectives MAE 320 - Chapter 6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics The content and the pictures are from the text book: Çengel, Y. A. and Boles, M. A., Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, McGraw-Hill,
More informationGlossary of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Terms
Glossary of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Terms Air Change: Unlike re-circulated air, this is the total air required to completely replace the air in a room or building. Air Conditioner: Equipment
More informationHEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF COLD STORAGE
HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF COLD STORAGE Upamanyu Bangale and Samir Deshmukh Department of Mechanical Engineering, SGBA University, Amravati, India ABSTRACT India is largest producer of fruit and vegetable
More informationCharacteristics of Evaporators
Characteristics of Evaporators Roger D. Holder, CM, MSME 10-28-2003 Heat or Energy In this paper, we will discuss the characteristics of an evaporator coil. The variance of the operational condenses of
More informationResearch on the Air Conditioning Water Heater System
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 28 Research on the Air Conditioning Water Heater System Fei Liu Gree Electric
More informationCODE NOTES. Insulation Requirements in Commercial Buildings for Mechanical and Service Hot-Water Piping
BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM Insulation Requirements in Commercial Buildings for Mechanical and Service Hot-Water Piping The intent of the pipe insulation requirements is to reduce temperature changes
More informationInnovent LASER Packaged Fresh Air Conditioning Units
LASER Latent And Sensible Energy Reduction Latent And Sensible Energy Reduction For Outside Air Innovent LASER Packaged Fresh Air Conditioning Units Innovent LASER units provide both sensible and latent
More informationEnergy and Buildings
Energy and Buildings 42 (2010) 1833 1840 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy and Buildings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/enbuild Membrane heat exchanger in HVAC energy recovery
More informationChapter 8: Heat Exchangers
Chapter 8: Heat Exchangers Section 8.1: Introduction to Heat Exchangers 8.1-1 (8-1 in text) Dry air at T a,in = 30 C, and atmospheric pressure is blown at V a = 1.0 m 3 /s through a cross-flow heat exchanger
More informationOn the Use of Data Loggers in Picture Frames (And Other) Micro Climates
On the Use of Data Loggers in Picture Frames (And Other) Micro Climates Data loggers are used in a variety of applications at Aardenburg Imaging & Archives. They monitor storage and display environments
More informationMolds and mildew are fungi that grow
Appendix C: Moisture, Mold and Mildew Molds and mildew are fungi that grow on the surfaces of objects, within pores, and in deteriorated materials. They can cause discoloration and odor problems, deteriorate
More informationSolar Desiccant Air Conditioner
Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 490 B Solar Desiccant Air Conditioner Luis Hernandez Joel Heywood Abhishek Kumar Yzzer Roman Advisor: Dr. Fletcher Miller Table of Contents Page 1. Abstract. 3 2.
More informationImproving Data Center Energy Efficiency Through Environmental Optimization
Improving Data Center Energy Efficiency Through Environmental Optimization How Fine-Tuning Humidity, Airflows, and Temperature Dramatically Cuts Cooling Costs William Seeber Stephen Seeber Mid Atlantic
More informationENERGY PERFORMANCE MODELLING AND HEAT RECOVERY UNIT EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF AN OFFICE BUILDING
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2015, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 865-880 865 ENERGY PERFORMANCE MODELLING AND HEAT RECOVERY UNIT EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF AN OFFICE BUILDING by Norbert L. HARMATI a*, Radomir J. FOLI] a,
More informationBoiler efficiency measurement. Department of Energy Engineering
Boiler efficiency measurement Department of Energy Engineering Contents Heat balance on boilers Efficiency determination Loss categories Fluegas condensation principals Seasonal efficiency Emission evaluation
More informationHydrogen Adsorption on Nanoporous Biocarbon
Hydrogen Adsorption on Nanoporous Biocarbon Mikael Wood, Jacob Burress, Cintia Lapilli, Peter Pfeifer, Parag Shah, Galen Suppes University of Missouri-Columbia Phillip Parilla, Anne Dillon National Renewable
More informationTemperature and Humidity
Temperature and Humidity Overview Water vapor is a very important gas in the atmosphere and can influence many things like condensation and the formation of clouds and rain, as well as how hot or cold
More informationEffects of Solar Photovoltaic Panels on Roof Heat Transfer
Effects of Solar Photovoltaic Panels on Roof Heat Transfer A. Dominguez, J. Kleissl, & M. Samady, Univ of California, San Diego J. C. Luvall, NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center Building Heating, Ventilation
More informationBetter Dry than Sorry
Better Dry than Sorry Humidity does more damage than most people realize Humidity does more damage than most people realize. Humidity leads to corrosion, which shortens the lifetime and reduces the performance
More informationHow To Know If A Refrigeration System Is Efficient
Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Iaşi ASSESSMENT OF E SUBCOOLING CAPABILITIES OF A ERMOELECTRIC DEVICE IN A VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM R. ROŞCA 1, I. ŢENU 1, P. CÂRLESCU
More informationSoil Suction. Total Suction
Soil Suction Total Suction Total soil suction is defined in terms of the free energy or the relative vapor pressure (relative humidity) of the soil moisture. Ψ = v RT ln v w 0ω v u v 0 ( u ) u = partial
More information1932 Lexington Houston, Texas 77098-4220 (713) 524-4877. Recommendations for installation of cooling systems
1932 Lexington Houston, Texas 77098-4220 (713) 524-4877 The purpose for this information is to provide a better understanding of the HVAC equipment, components, designs, and installations, of HVAC system
More informationAbsolute and relative humidity Precise and comfort air-conditioning
Absolute and relative humidity Precise and comfort air-conditioning Trends and best practices in data centers Compiled by: CONTEG Date: 30. 3. 2010 Version: 1.11 EN 2013 CONTEG. All rights reserved. No
More information