CHEMICAL DIVISION What is Rosin Rosin? Rosin is a solid form of natural solid form of natural resin obtained from conifers and mainly pine trees
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1 CHEMICAL DIVISION ATELIER INTERNATIONAL DE DIAGNOSTIQUE DE L INDUSTRIE DES RÉSINEUX DE SECONDE TRANSFORMATION LA COLOPHANE ET SON AVENIR DANS LE DOMAINE DU SUDOE BORDEAUX (France), OCTOBRE 2012
2 CHEMICAL DIVISION What is Rosin? Rosin is a solid form of natural resin obtained from conifers and mainly pine trees
3 Rosin Sources CHEMICAL DIVISION GUM: Tapping the Oleoresin of Living Pine Trees Tall Oil Rosin (TOR): By-product of Kraft Pulping Process Stumpwood: Extraction/Special Processing of Oleoresin from Stumps
4 Rosin composition CHEMICAL DIVISION Rosin is mainly composed (>90%) of resin acids with similar basic structures
5 CHEMICAL DIVISION Two common families of resin acids: Abietane skeletal class: Pimarane skeletal class:
6 CHEMICAL DIVISION Rosin, as natural resin, has a variable composition depending on: Origin of the Rosin (sources) Types of the trees (species) Location of the trees (geographical area)
7 CHEMICAL DIVISION Typical composition of resin acids in rosin by sources Resin Acid (% of acid fraction) Gum rosin Tall Oil Oil rosin Wood rosin Abietic Palustric/Levopimaric Neoabietic Dehydroabietic Pimaric Isopimaric Sandarcopimaric <
8 CHEMICAL DIVISION Principal resin acids of gum rosin by species Species (origin) P. pinaster (France) P. halepensis (Greece) P. sylvestris (Russia) P. massoniana (China) P. elliotti (Brazil) P. merkusii (Indonesia) Resin acid (%) Abietic Isopimaric Neoabietic Palustric/ Levopimaric Dehydroabietic Pimaric Communic 4 Mercusic 11
9 Principal resin acids of gum rosin from P. pinaster by geographical area CHEMICAL DIVISION P. pinaster tree location P. pinaster France P. Pinaster Portugal P. Pinaster Spain P. pinaster USA Resin acid (%) Abietic Isopimaric Neoabietic Palustric/ Levopimaric Dehydroabietic Pimaric Sandarocopimaric
10 CHEMICAL DIVISION Rosin is not an homogenous substance Typical physical and chemical properties of rosin by sources Gum rosin Tall Oil rosin Wood rosin Acid number Saponificaction index Unsaponifiable matter 8% 7% 6% Fatty acids - <5 - Color, U.S. rosin grade WW WG WG Softening point (R&B) 76 ºC 77 ºC 76 ºC Refractive index Density
11 CHEMICAL DIVISION Typical physical and chemical properties of gum rosin Typical physical and chemical properties of gum rosin by types Clear types Middle types Dark types Acid number Saponificaction index Unsaponifiable matter 4.3%-5.5% 5.3%-8% 7%-10% Color, U.S. rosin grade XC-WW WG-I H-D Softening point (R&B) 76 ºC 77 ºC 76 ºC Ashes % % % Refractive index Density
12 Rosin Color CHEMICAL DIVISION
13 CHEMICAL DIVISION Why Rosin Derivatives? Not suitable rosin properties: Low softening point (70-80ºC) Oxidation trend High acidity (I a = ) Crystallization trend Low viscosity Quite dark color High solvent retention Other
14 Oxydation test ( 21 Kg. of pressure of O 2 for7 days) CHEMICAL DIVISION % Weight Increase 2,5 2 1,5 1 Gum Rosin Dismutated Rosin Glycerol ester Pentaester 0,5 0 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 day 6 day 7 day Time
15 CHEMICAL DIVISION Heat stability test Color Gardner (Color evolution at 170 ºC) Time
16 Rosin Chemistry CHEMICAL DIVISION
17 Rosin Reactivity CHEMICAL DIVISION Reaction of Double Bonds: Adduction Hydrogenation Disproportionation Polymerization Etc. Reaction of Carboxylic Acid: Esterification Salt Formation (Soaps, Resinates) Phenolic modified rosins Etc.
18 Rosin Resins Uses CHEMICAL DIVISION
19 Rosin Resins Industrial Applications CHEMICAL DIVISION
20 CHEMICAL DIVISION Rosin good or poor? It depends on the particular industrial use some examples: Brazilian rosin (P. elliottii) is suitable for depilatory waxes Indonesian rosin (P. merkusii) is suitable for inks Chinese rosin (P. massoniana) is suitable for adhesives SUDOE rosin (P. pinaster) is suitable for most uses (versatile)
21 CHEMICAL DIVISION EU Rosin Production (Forecast 2012) Gum Rosin + Tall-Oil Rosin = 147,500 MT UE Gum Rosin Production = 22,500 MT.(15.3%) UE TOR production = 125,000 MT. (84.7%) 15,3 % 84,7 % Gum Rosin TOR
22 CHEMICAL DIVISION EU Rosin demand (Forecast 2012) Gum Rosin + Tall-Oil Rosin = 325,000 MT UE Gum Rosin market= 190,000 MT.(58.5%) UE TOR market =135,000 MT. (41.5%) 41.5 % 58.5 % Gum Rosin TOR
23 EU Rosin Balance (Production vs. Demand) Deficit = - 177,500 MT EU Deficit of Gum Rosin = - 167,500 MT. (94.4%) EU Deficit of TOR = - 10,000 MT. (5.6 %) CHEMICAL DIVISION
24 CHEMICAL DIVISION European Rosin market by applications Gum Rosin + Tall-Oil Rosin = MT Source: PCA International Conference, Boston September 2012
25 CHEMICAL DIVISION European Rosin Adhesives and Sealants market Gum Rosin + Tall-Oil Rosin = MT Average annual market growth : 4-5% 20% Packaging 11% 45% PSA Labels 22% Construction Other Source: PCA International Conference, Boston September 2012
26 European Rosin Printing Inks market Gum Rosin + Tall-Oil Rosin = MT Average annual market growth : 3-3,5% 3,5% CHEMICAL DIVISION Source: PCA International Conference, Boston September 2012
27 Rosin Resins are not alone Pine trees CHEMICAL DIVISION Petrochemical Pine tapping Crude Gum Sulfate turpentine Chips-wood Kraft Process Black liquor Feedstock (Nafta, etc.) Distillation Soap Acidulation Craking Process Gum turpentine Gum Rosin Terpene Resins CTO Distillation Rosin Resins Tall Oil Rosin By-products of fractionations lines C5, C9, DCPD Hydrocarbon Resins
28 CHEMICAL DIVISION Global Resin Production (Forecast 2012) Total world resin production = 2,430,000 MT - Rosin resins = 1,300,000 MT. - Hydrocarbon resins = 1,050,000 MT. - Terpene resins = 80,000 MT. 43.2% 53.5% Rosin resins Terpene resins Hydrocarbon resins 3.3% Soure: PCA International Conference, Boston September 2012
29 Global ResinTrend CHEMICAL DIVISION Moderate growth production of hydrocarbon resins (2%) Slightly more sharper growth production of rosin resins (3%) Stable production of terpene resins (0%) Source: PCA International Conference, Boston September 2012
30 Rosin Resin Trend CHEMICAL DIVISION Gum Rosin Production is closely linked to the market price and the increase in living standards (labor costs). Moderate growth of production in the short term (3%) and increased market demand as a renewable raw material. Long term limited availability of crude gum rosin (Eucaliptus vs. Pinus, salary increases, etc.) Tall Oil, Production limited by the unavailability of crude. tall-oil, linked to the price of energy (biodiesel production). Stable production in the short and medium term and longer-term shortages. Wood Rosin Sharp decline of wood rosin production in the long term. Small and irrelevant proportion of total rosin production.
31 World Rosin Resin Trend CHEMICAL DIVISION Moderate growth of Gum Rosin production in the coming years (3% p.y.), but high risk of decline in the longer term. TOR production expectied to remain flat because production of softwood kraft pulp also will be flat in the long term. Market demand for Rosin Resins 4 to 5 % p. y., leaded by emerging countries (China, India, Brazil, etc.) At longer term Trend, demand for Rosin Resins will exceed the offer. Higher prices and limited availability in the future
32 Rosin resins advantages CHEMICAL DIVISION Rosin market demands the more and more for ecological, biological and green products. Current economy requires development of products from renewable resources for sustainable industrial activities. Development of friendly environmental products (pine chemicals industry helps to preserve pine forests and reduce carbon footprint). Clear advantage of Rosin resins over Hydrocarbon resins
33 Conclusions CHEMICAL DIVISION Pine chemical industry in EU has a growing raw material demand, limited only by supply difficulties. This limited availability of rosin and turpentine will probably increase in near future. The geographic pine forest area of SUST-FOREST (Portugal, Spain and France), has enough resources to meet their own industrial needs. Pine chemical industry is sustainable and environmentally friendly. Pine chemical industry generates economic, social and environmental benefits.
34 CHEMICAL DIVISION Aujourd'hui est de bon sens d'encourager le gemmage dans le domaine du SUDOE merci beaucoup!
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