Bananas and Tree-Biomechanics. Frank Rinn
|
|
- Moris Walters
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Bananas and Tree-Biomechanics Frank Rinn (pdf-version for download: send to
2 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 2 / I am not an Arborist! 2. I do not know a lot of tree species, many fungi, how to prune a tree,... (So, please do not ask questions about all these aspects. ) 3. After having worked as a carpenter on our family business, I studied physics and developed resistance drilling (1986) and other methods for tree ring analysis (dendro-climatology), then sonic tomography, Tree/timber inspection was a side-effect of these scientific studies.
3 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 3 / 43 Trees are living on earth since Millions of years. Thus, obviously, in the average, they seem to be stable enough! But: Did trees had enough time to adapt to urban settings? (Root cutting, soil compaction, stem damages,...) => Can we trust trees as natural structures in urban settings?
4 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 4 / probably not every plant...
5 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 5 / trees are more trustworthy?...
6 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 6 / 43 Sorry, not always!
7 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 7 / 43 =>?? C H A N G E??! as tree experts we mainly have to look for changes " in structural strength (due to decay, aging,...) " of site conditions (wind load, soil,...)! when we want to assess the tree s condition and to evaluate eventually increased risk. =>! The new ISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualification will help looking for relevant changes of load or structural strength!
8 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 8 / 43 The German situation (since 1990): extreme positions! VTA (t/r>1/3, H/D>50, L/D>40) SIA t/r>1/10! Tree to be felled if visual inspection can not ensure safety (because technical inspection too expensive and dangerous ).! Every (road-side) tree has to be drilled regularly (written proof) (because roots could be decayed).! Drilling kills trees : coring&resistance recording=fungi-autobahn! Only sonic tomography and / or pull-test accepted!! Exclusively this device, this method,, accepted.! 1. drilling => 2. sonic tomography => 3. pulling
9 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 9 / 43 One of the basic questions to answer by bio-mechanics: How hollow is a tree to be allowed? (and still save)
10 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 10 / 43 This kind of discussion, going on since 1990, is senseless, because...
11 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 11 / 43 Would you leave such trees standing?
12 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 12 / 43
13 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 13 / 43 there are many old and even very high trees that are hollow since decades but still standing => The rule t/r>1/3 seems to be not correct somehow, even not for these forest stand trees. They are standing up since decades, although heavily decayed and hollow.
14 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 14 / 43 Would you have cut this tree down?
15 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 15 / 43
16 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 16 / 43
17 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 17 / 43 => The rule t/r > 1/3 is valid for many trees, especially for young forest stand trees, having circular stems and central decay, because of tangential tension stresses dominate the failure modes.
18 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 18 / 43 Coconut palms mostly have 1/3 of the radius as strong wood. => t/r ~ 1/3 seems to be a natural design for specific structures. Is this valid for urban trees?
19 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 19 / 43
20 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 20 / 43 At stem base, often included bark leads to segmented cross sections
21 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 21 / 43
22 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 22 / 43 Urban trees that have to be inspected technically are mostly 1. old 2. not circular 3. may have included bark 4. decay is mostly not concentric => the 1/3 rule is correct but not valid for these trees! But, relative strength loss of a cross section can be calculated based on the geometrical distribution of intact and decayed parts. And the weakest bending direction can be determined.
23 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 23 / 43
24 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 24 / 43 Why are these old hollow trees still standing (safe)? > because load carrying capacity (W) of a cross-section is proportional to Material Strength * Diameter³ load carrying capacity ~ (Material Strength) * Diameter³ => height / wind load of old trees do not grow but diameter does! => a small increase in D leads to a big increase in W! => D+1% => W+~3%, doubling after 25years!
25 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 25 / 43 In terms of strength loss, location of decay is more important than size!
26 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 26 / 43
27 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 27 / 43 ==>! Structural strength loss (= loss in load carrying capacity) " is not proportional to loss of cross sectional area by defects " may be both - much lower - much higher " than loss of cross sectional area! But, this approach only takes into account bending loads and leads to crazy results if it comes to real thin shell walls:
28 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 28 / 43 Free online ( SIA ) calculation of required shell wall thickness of trees: major inputs: tree species tree height site (city, flat-land) typical crown shape
29 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 29 / 43 Due to this SIA-calculation, a shell wall of 2cm (<1inch) would be sufficient for a 20m (~60ft) tree (BHD = 1m ~ 3ft)!
30 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 30 / 43 Where do mature urban fail? Mostly not at 50" height by trunk failure! (happens in forests) Typical distribution in urban settings: ~ 80% ~ 15% ~ 5% crown / limb / branch uprooting stem-breakage
31 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 31 / 43 => Shell wall thickness is an appropriate measure in forest stands with centrally rotten cylindrical trees but not for the typical mature urban tree! => Stem assessment is more important in terms of indicating what is going on in root and/or crown/limbs/forks! => Relative strength loss depends more on location than on size of decay! => t/r > 1/3 = a rule of thumb in rare cases, not more! => t/r ~ 1/10 = only valid for glass/concrete, not for trees! => the really dangerous zone starts between 1/3 and 1/10 depending on age, decay location, load and stand!
32 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 32 / 43 => Bananas help understanding Tree Biomechanics tree safety strength ~ function of material, shape and size,... load ~ function of weight, size, and (mainly) wind
33 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 33 / 43! Most trees initially fail by (shear) cracks caused by dynamic / torsional loading.! Urban trees to be inspected are mostly old or very old, not circular, decayed and/or hollow! => Thresholds from young forest trees (t/r>1/3) and engineering (t/r>1/10) both can not be applied.! => No simple rule of thumb for evaluating tree stability!! => Every tree needs an individual approach!! => We have to study mature trees loaded to failure for finding non-destructive measures for tree safety!
34 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 34 / 43 The German Association of Certified Arborists Fachverband geprüfter Baumpfleger started 2009 loading trees to failure after having inspected them with all available equipment.
35 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 35 / 43
36 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 36 / 43
37 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 37 / 43
38 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 38 / 43
39 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 39 / 43
40 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 40 / 43 => one of the major results from comparing methods: strength loss can be obtained on different ways!
41 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 41 / 43
42 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 42 / 43 => sonic tomography delivers similar values for bending strength loss of stem crosssections as pull-test!
43 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 43 / 43 =>! There is a need for a " basic understanding => banana bio-mechanics! and a " guideline (ISA qualification on tree risk assessment TRAQ) Thank you for your attention! (pdf-version for download: send to info@rinntech.com)
Urban and Community Forestry Agriculture & Natural Resources TIMELY INFORMATION Post Storm Tree Assessment; Guide to evaluating trees
Urban and Community Forestry Agriculture & Natural Resources TIMELY INFORMATION Post Storm Tree Assessment; Guide to evaluating trees Post Storm Assessment: To assess trees in the aftermath of storms it
More informationUsed to evaluate the likelihood of failure, Include: the history of previous failures, site changes wind and rain exposure (Load Factors)
Site Factors Used to evaluate the likelihood of failure, Include: the history of previous failures, site changes wind and rain exposure (Load Factors) Target Targets are people or property that could be
More informationIII. Hazard Tree Summary
III. Hazard Tree Summary Methodology The sheer numbers of trees as well as the difficulty in determining precise tree ownerships has hampered hazard tree identification on the SVCA property. We did identify
More informationApplication for Tree Works: Works to Trees Subject to a Tree Preservation Order (TPO)
Application for Tree Works: Works to Trees Subject to a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) and/or Notification of Proposed Works to Trees in Conservation Areas (CA) Town and Country Planning Act 1990 When to
More informationComparative Analysis of Tools and Methods for the Evaluation of Tree Stability
Comparative Analysis of Tools and Methods for the Evaluation of Tree Stability Results of a field test in Germany By Bodo Siegert In a field-test project, sixteen trees were examined and evaluated through
More informationPruning Deciduous Shade Trees
Cooperative Extension Pruning Deciduous Shade Trees Trees in the wild are never pruned, yet they often have long healthy lives. In a natural setting, their branches develop a balance and form typical of
More informationProper Pruning Basic Techniques and Tips. 2012 ECCFC Rocky Ford, CO
Proper Pruning Basic Techniques and Tips 2012 ECCFC Rocky Ford, CO 1 The Pro-Active Pruner! Plan BEFORE Planting Select the Right Tree For the Right Place Begin pruning trees while they are young Common
More informationGuide to Healthy Trees
Guide to Healthy Trees Al and Bri Seaton Front cover image: This magnifi cent tree is located on our property in Mansfi eld, Victoria. A few years ago it was suffering severely from drought, erosion and
More informationPruning Mature Trees. Reasons for Pruning
Pruning Mature Trees Pruning is the most common tree maintenance procedure. Although forest trees grow quite well with only nature's pruning, landscape trees require a higher level of care to maintain
More informationConstruction Guidelines for Tree Protection. d. DISTRICT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION URBAN FORESTRY ADMINISTRATION
Construction Guidelines for Tree Protection d. DISTRICT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION URBAN FORESTRY ADMINISTRATION City of Trees Our time in history Since 1872, when Governor Alexander Shepherd planted
More informationTree Trimming Tips and Tricks
Tree Trimming Tips and Tricks Start with Professionals Mistakes can be costly for you and your tree. Professionals who know about trees can help you get started with the right tree in the right place.
More informationTree Work on District of West Vancouver Property
CORPORATE POLICY Parks & Community Services File #2190-01-01 West Vancouver Property 1.0 Purpose This policy has three sections: 1.1 Section 1 ensures the safety of the residents of West Vancouver through
More informationTree Assessment Report Prepared for: Dr. Peter Giarrizzo 18 Franklin Place Pelham NY 10803
Pelham Board of Education Tree Assessment Report Prepared for: Dr. Peter Giarrizzo 18 Franklin Place Pelham NY 10803 Prepared by: Ken Almstead, Certified Arborist NY 0335 Tree Risk Assessor Qualification
More informationElectronic Communication. 1/2. Applicant s And Agent s Names And Addresses. 3. Tree Location. 4. Tree Ownership
Application for Tree Works: Works to Trees Subject to a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) and/or Notification of Proposed Works to Trees in Conservation Areas (CA) Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Electronic
More informationThe Basics of Tree Pruning
The Basics of Tree Pruning By John Ball, Forest Health Specialist and Aaron Kiesz, Urban and Community Forestry Specialist Until the end of the 19 th century, trees were not a common sight in many parts
More informationGLOSSARY OF TREE TERMS
GLOSSARY OF TREE TERMS Aeration providing air to the soil to alleviate compaction and improve structure. Arboriculture the practice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants. Arborist a professional
More informationTree Structure - Dynamics Ken James University of Melbourne, Australia
Tree Structure - Dynamics Ken James University of Melbourne, Australia Tree Structure Statics & Dynamics Trees are optimised structures Statics well covered in last 10 years Dynamics - difficult Wind creates
More informationIt was my assignment to physically inspect the 8 trees on site near the proposed construction,
July 11, 2013 Tariton Properties 2555 Park Blvd Palo Alto, CA 94306 Re: Tree Survey To Whom It May Concern: Assignment It was my assignment to physically inspect the 8 trees on site near the proposed construction,
More informationPlanting and Tree Care for Roxborough Park. Keith Worley, Forester ISA Certified Arborist
Planting and Tree Care for Roxborough Park Keith Worley, Forester ISA Certified Arborist Where We Live: High elevation at the edge of Mountains and Plains. Harsh climates with: High winds. Drought periods
More informationReport from Life Coastal Woodlands. Forest management methods in the coastal woodlands
Report from Life Coastal Woodlands Forest management methods in the coastal woodlands Ida Wigrup, Swedish Forest Agency 2007 Content 1 Introduction 3 2 Regeneration cutting with nature conservation consideration
More informationWorks to Protected Trees - Exceptions
Works to Protected Trees - Exceptions Advice note 3 September 2013 version 2 Planning and Regeneration Service INDEX Introduction 3 List of Exceptions 3 Requirements to notify 4 Cornwall Council recommendations
More informationA GUIDE: DEVELOPING A STREET AND PARK TREE MANAGEMENT PLAN
A GUIDE: DEVELOPING A STREET AND PARK TREE MANAGEMENT PLAN An introduction to the preparation of a strategic approach to the care and maintenance of your community forest USDA Forest Service Northeastern
More informationH-GAC Debris Workshop 2: Mitigating Your Hazards Handout 1 Public Outreach Debris Mitigation Strategies
H-GAC Debris Workshop 2: Mitigating Your Hazards Handout 1 Public Outreach Debris Mitigation Strategies This handout provides examples of debris mitigation initiatives for the public that communities have
More informationQ. Why does OG&E clear vegetation away from power lines? A. Trees that grow into power lines can cause problems in multiple ways:
Q. Why does OG&E clear vegetation away from power lines? A. Trees that grow into power lines can cause problems in multiple ways: Outages Tree limbs contacting power lines are one of the most common causes
More informationPublic Utility District #1 of Jefferson County Vegetation Clearance Policy And Specifications
Jefferson County PUD Company Policy Policy No. Date: Public Utility District #1 of Jefferson County Vegetation Clearance Policy And Specifications Purpose The purpose of this policy statement and these
More informationDIRECT TESTIMONY OF RONALD MATRANGA SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY (RICE FIRE)
Proceeding No.: Exhibit No.: Witness: I.0--00 Ronald Matranga DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RONALD MATRANGA SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY (RICE FIRE) BEFORE THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
More informationWhat Do You See? FOR 274: Forest Measurements and Inventory. Logs and Scaling: Definitions. Tree and Wood Volume Log Volumes Cords Weight Scaling
What Do You See? FOR 274: Forest Measurements and Inventory Tree and Wood Volume Log Volumes Cords Weight Scaling Logs and Scaling: Definitions Logs: cut trees lengths of 8ft or more The process of measuring
More informationAvoiding Tree & Utility Conflicts
Avoiding Tree & Utility Conflicts Determining where to plant a tree is a decision that should not be taken lightly. Many factors should be considered prior to planting. When planning what type of tree
More informationWhy hire an arborist?
Why hire an arborist? Spring is fast approaching and that means gardens to attend and flowers to plant, but what about your trees? Now is the best time to hire an arborist to maintain your trees before
More informationTREE ASSESSMENT REPORT
TREE ASSESSMENT REPORT Assessment of Araucaria columnaris (Cook Island Pine) Located at: 62-64 Beachcrest Rd WELLINGTON POINT QLD 4160 Prepared for Redland City Council By Ken Folkes Arborist, Redland
More informationNet Factoring 2. January 1, 2007 Amendment No. 1 2-1
Net Factoring 2 January 1, 2007 Amendment No. 1 2-1 CGNF Standards and Procedures Ministry of Forests and Range 2.1 Net Factoring Process 1. In conjunction with the end use sorts, standard log lengths
More informationBradgate Park Landscape Tree Survey. Tree Schedule, Group Schedule, Woodland Schedule & Key to Schedule
Bradgate Park Landscape Tree Survey Tree Schedule, Group Schedule, Woodland Schedule & Key to Schedule Appendix A of the Landscape Tree Survey Report On Behalf of The Bradgate Park Trust Bradgate Park
More informationVirginia State University Tree Care Plan
Virginia State University Tree Care Plan Justification and Introduction: Trees and shrubs are an extraordinarily valuable asset to the Virginia State University community. Benefits include energy efficiency
More informationCrown Volume Estimates. Edward Forrest Frank. December 10, 2010. Eastern Native Tree Society
Crown Volume Estimates By Edward Forrest Frank December 10, 2010 Eastern Native Tree Society CROWN VOLUME ESTIMATES Introduction This paper presents a simplified method for estimating the crown volumes
More informationTree Removal Application
Tree Removal Application PROPERTY INFORMATION Name of Property Owner(s): Site Address: Tax Parcel Number: Property Square Footage: Location of trees to be removed: Front Side Rear SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS
More informationConsolidated for Convenience Only
CITY OF KAMLOOPS Consolidated for Convenience Only This is a consolidation of "City of Kamloops Tree Protection By-law No. 24-35, 1998". The amendment by-law listed below has been combined with the original
More informationagrees to replace at no charge any tree that dies and subsequent inspection shows that the wire basket was not properly removed.
Adopted 12/5/00; revised as of 1/2/07 Marietta Tree Commission Rules and Regulations I. Tree Planting A. Planting Specifications 1. Trees must be: A) of a minimum 1¼ inches caliper; B) single stem, straight,
More informationWhen you buy a high-quality tree, plant it correctly, and treat it properly, you and your tree will benefit greatly in many ways for many years.
Buying High-Quality Trees When you buy a high-quality tree, plant it correctly, and treat it properly, you and your tree will benefit greatly in many ways for many years. When you buy a low-quality tree,
More informationTrees and Reliable Electric Service. Answers to Questions About Tree Pruning and Electric Power. We re connected to you by more than power lines.
Trees and Reliable Electric Service Answers to Questions About Tree Pruning and Electric Power We re connected to you by more than power lines. How is Line Clearance Done? Pepco s tree contractor will
More informationTwo Main Precautions Before You Begin Working
Pruning Mango Trees Roy Beckford, Ag/Natural Resources Agent, UF/IFAS Lee County Two Main Precautions Before You Begin Working 1. Mango peel and sap contain urushiol, the chemical in poison ivy and poison
More informationCHECKLIST FOR DC SUBMISSION - CONVENTIONAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT WITH OPEN SPACE PROVISION
1 General NPARKS-0-DCS03 CHECKLIST FOR DC SUBMISSION - CONVENTIONAL HOUSING (a) The following plans are provided: Key and location plans of scale 1 : 10,000 or 1 : 5,000 showing access to the site from
More informationIn the Storm s Wake. This Quick Guide was produced by the Colorado State Forest Service to promote knowledge transfer. May 2010 www.csfs.colostate.
QUICK GUIDES UCF 2010-1 Caring for Storm- Damaged Trees Information provided by the National Arbor Day Foundation and the International Society of Arboriculture In the Storm s Wake After a major storm,
More information1. A plane passes through the apex (top point) of a cone and then through its base. What geometric figure will be formed from this intersection?
Student Name: Teacher: Date: District: Description: Miami-Dade County Public Schools Geometry Topic 7: 3-Dimensional Shapes 1. A plane passes through the apex (top point) of a cone and then through its
More informationPruning Trees. Center for Landscape and Urban Horticulture. University of California Cooperative Extension Central Coast & South Region
University of California Cooperative Extension Central Coast & South Region Center for Landscape and Urban Horticulture Pruning Trees Pruning Trees at Planting Landscape trees should not be pruned at planting
More informationCan These Trees Be Saved?
Can These Trees Be Saved? In cooperation with the USDA Forest Service and the International Society of Arboriculture. A storm can leave trees looking like there's no tomorrow. Major limbs may be broken
More informationBIOMECHANICS OF THE TREES
Roland Ennos FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER (UK) Thierry Fourcaud CIRAD, MONTPELLIER (FRANCE) Hanns- Cristof Spatz EMERITUS, UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG (GERMANY) Alexia Stokes INRA, MONTPELLIER
More informationBegin forwarded message:
From: To: Subject: Date: Attachments: Heather Scott Tully, Tania Fwd: Stalite Root Bridge Tuesday, November 17, 2015 8:58:01 AM Stalite_Root_Bridge_brochure[1].pdf Begin forwarded message: From: "Chuck
More informationTree Talk. Customer Care. www.lipower.org
Customer Care Tree Talk Did you know that trees can help improve your safety and electric reliability? This booklet will help you select the best trees for your home, and provide tips about their maintenance
More informationAfter the Storm: Caring for Your Trees
Montana State University Extension Service Peter Kolb (PhD) MSU Extension Forestry Specialist School of Forestry, University of Montana,Missoula, MT 59812 Tel. (406) 243-4705; e-mail: efpfk@forestry.umt.edu
More informationDO's and DON'Ts in Pruning
DO's and DON'Ts in Pruning Introduction "Pruning is one of the best things an arborist can do for a tree but one of the worst things we can do to a tree" -Alex Shigo Pruning is the most common tree maintenance
More informationAgriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Conservation Branch. Nature Conservation Practice Note No. 02 Revised: June 2006
Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Conservation Branch Nature Conservation Practice Note No. 02 Revised: June 2006 Ref: AF GR CON 21/2 Measurement of Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) 1.
More informationLet s look at an example of where grade 5 and grade 8 bolts are subjected to single shear loads (winch plate reference).
Bolt s I have been on a quite a few online email lists over the last 7 years or so, basically since they first came out. From the original Jeep-L list to the XJ-list to the Rockcrawler.com board, a common
More informationConstruction Damage to Trees
Construction Damage to Trees When a building site is cleared, several large, well-established trees are often left to enhance the aesthetic value of the property. However, within about 2-8 years after
More informationTree Condition Survey for Proposed Taplow Footbridge at Ray Mill Island and Taplow Riverside, Mill Lane Taplow, Buckinghamshire
Tree Condition Survey for Proposed Taplow Footbridge at Ray Mill Island and Taplow Riverside, Mill Lane Taplow, Buckinghamshire Tree Condition Survey for Proposed Taplow Footbridge at Ray Mill Island and
More informationHardened Concrete. Lecture No. 14
Hardened Concrete Lecture No. 14 Strength of Concrete Strength of concrete is commonly considered its most valuable property, although in many practical cases, other characteristics, such as durability
More informationThere are several consequences of not conducting a regular pruning program. These include:
Pruning is a double-edged sword, either helping or hurting according to if, where, when, how, and why it is applied. When properly executed, a variety of benefits can occur. Benefits include reducing risk
More informationWoodlands Management Plan. (Draft June 2011) A. Definition of Woodlands Areas vs. Landscaped Areas of Parkfairfax
Woodlands Management Plan (Draft June 2011) I. Background A. Definition of Woodlands Areas vs. Landscaped Areas of Parkfairfax The woodlands are defined as those wooded areas of Parkfairfax which are left
More informationARBORIST REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS
ARBORIST REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS City Planning / Parks, Forestry & Recreation The purpose of this form is to acquire preliminary information respecting trees on private and City property, in
More informationTree Management Policy
Tree Management Policy This policy is designed to be a policy framework for the management of trees owned and managed by the Connect HA. It sets out the guiding principles for managing our stock, to assist
More informationREFERENCE NO. TPO/082/014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
REFERENCE NO. TPO/082/014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Site Address 1 Furze Hill, London Road, Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire Proposals Confirmation of Tree Preservation Order Case Officer David Wyatt/Ruth Rose
More information1997 Uniform Administrative Code Amendment for Earthen Material and Straw Bale Structures Tucson/Pima County, Arizona
for Earthen Material and Straw Bale Structures SECTION 70 - GENERAL "APPENDIX CHAPTER 7 - EARTHEN MATERIAL STRUCTURES 70. Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to establish minimum standards of safety
More informationCaring for StormDamaged Trees
QUICK GUIDES UCF 2010-1 Caring for StormDamaged Trees Information provided by the National Arbor Day Foundation and the International Society of Arboriculture In the Storm s Wake After a major storm, a
More informationThis seminar includes both classroom and field components in a world-renowned location, TreeHouse Point.
Practical Tree Science Seminar 2014 Monday June 23 rd 9am - 4pm TreeHouse Point 6922 Preston-Fall City Rd SE Issaquah, WA 98027* This is a seminar geared at bridging the gap between scientific research
More informationGeometry and dimensional tolerances of engine bearings
Geometry and dimensional tolerances of engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich (Research & Development Manager.) 1. Hydrodynamic lubrication Engine bearings operate mostly in the hydrodynamic regime of
More informationTREE PERMIT APPLICATION Private Property- Section 10.52.120 MBMC COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
Permit No.: TREE PERMIT APPLICATION Private Property- Section 10.52.120 MBMC COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT City Hall 1400 Highland Avenue Manhattan Beach, CA 90266-4795 Telephone (310) 802-5500 FAX
More informationA. In this chapter, the following terms have the meanings indicated.
08.07.02.01 Title 08 DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Subtitle 07 FORESTS AND PARKS Chapter 02 Roadside Tree Care Authority: Natural Resources Article, 5-209 and 5-406, Annotated Code of Maryland.01 Purpose.
More informationPruning Urban Trees How much, and how often is it really Necessary?
Pruning Urban Trees How much, and how often is it really Necessary? Deborah Ellis, Rev. 4/2/2013 I have good news for you, the tree owner/manager! Urban trees do not need to pruned nearly as often and
More informationLab for Deflection and Moment of Inertia
Deflection and Moment of Inertia Subject Area(s) Associated Unit Lesson Title Physics Wind Effects on Model Building Lab for Deflection and Moment of Inertia Grade Level (11-12) Part # 2 of 3 Lesson #
More informationRequest for Proposals RFP No. 01-2015. Tree Inventory, Tree Inventory Data Management Software, and Urban Forest Management Plan
Request for Proposals RFP No. 01-2015 Tree Inventory, Tree Inventory Data Management Software, and Urban Forest Management Plan All Proposals must be submitted to the Parks and Recreation Services Department.
More informationrestoring trees after a hurricane
CHAPTER restoring trees after a hurricane PUBLICATION Nº ENH 1054 edward f. gilman t r a c i pa r t i n Introduction Contents The step-by-step outline provided in this document summarizes the process for
More informationSection 01562 TREE AND PLANT PROTECTION
Section 01562 PART 1 G E N E R A L 1.01 SECTION INCLUDES A. Tree and plant protection. B. Minimum qualifications of Arborist and Urban Forester. 1.02 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT A. Payment for Tree Protection,
More informationTen Easy Ways to Kill a Tree
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & EXTENSION University of Arkansas System Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA5011 Ten Easy Ways to Kill a Tree (And How to Avoid Them) H. Christoph Stuhlinger University
More informationUniversity of Central Florida Campus Tree Care Plan Adopted October 2010
University of Central Florida Campus Tree Care Plan Adopted October 2010 Prepared by: Dr. Patrick Bohlen, Director Timothy Newman, Landscape Superintendent Alaina Bernard, Land Manager Jennifer Pudewell,
More informationLesson 6: Measuring Trees
Review and Introduction Lesson 6: Measuring Trees In Lesson 4 and Lesson 5, you learned how to establish either a fixed plot or a variable plot. With your plot established and your in trees tallied, now
More information1 SEEDLING QUALITY. Seedling quality
Seedling quality Quality versus quantity A nursery manager s most important goal is to produce quality trees. Quality is more important than quantity. It is a common mistake in nurseries to concentrate
More informationT R E E B R A C I N G. Tree support has a name - cobra - worldwide
pbs weltweit erfolgreiche Baumsicherungs-Produkte T R E E B R A C I N G Tree support has a name - cobra - worldwide 2 The cobra-system cobra is a dynamic tree support system specially designed to be flexible
More informationUsing the ISA Basic Tree Risk Assessment Form
Using the ISA Basic Tree Risk Assessment Form This form is provided with the ISA Tree Risk Assessment Manual and is intended to act as a guide for collecting and recording tree risk assessment information.
More informationKeep these few simple principles in mind before pruning a tree:
Pruning Young Trees Proper pruning is essential in developing a tree with a strong structure and desirable form. Trees that receive the appropriate pruning measures while they are young will require little
More informationThe Strength of Concrete
Chapter The Strength of Concrete.1 The Importance of Strength.2 Strength Level Required KINDS OF STRENGTH. Compressive Strength.4 Flexural Strength.5 Tensile Strength.6 Shear, Torsion and Combined Stresses.7
More informationMEASURING WOOD DENSITY FOR TROPICAL FOREST TREES A FIELD MANUAL
Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) MEASURING WOOD DENSITY FOR TROPICAL FOREST TREES A FIELD MANUAL Author Dr. Jerome Chave (chave@cict.fr) Lab. Evolution et Diversité Biologique Université Paul Sabatier
More informationGuidelines for Tree Risk Assessment and Management Arrangement On an Area Basis and on a Tree Basis
On an Area Basis and on a Tree Basis GREENING, LANDSCAPE AND TREE MANAGEMENT SECTION DEVELOPMENT BUREAU October 2014 GUIDELINES FOR TREE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENT ON AN AREA BASIS AND
More informationTexas State University Tree Care Plan November 2014
Texas State University Tree Care Plan November 2014 JuneJune 7, 2011 Jun Page 1 1. PURPOSE A well-developed tree care plan is necessary to ensure the beautification and diversification of foliage found
More informationTree Maintenance Practices
OUTLINE. I. Pruning Methods a. Crown Raising.3 b. Structural Pruning...3 c. Thinning 4 d. Crown Reduction (drop crotch).4 e. Restoration...5 II. Pruning Cuts a. Types of Pruning Cuts.5-8 b. Principles,
More informationFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Biomass Harvest Guidelines
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Biomass Harvest Guidelines What do Biomass Harvest Guidelines offer? They offer recommendations to manage forest-, brush- and open- land with the intent to protect water, timber,
More informationDEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES OAK TREES CARE AND MAINTENANCE
DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES OAK TREES CARE AND MAINTENANCE This guide will offer basic information for the preservation and maintenance of oak trees as a part of an overall landscape use. Unfortunately, oak
More informationOak Trees BASIC GROWING REQUIREMENTS FOR YOUR
They are beautiful in their peace, They are wise in their silence. They will stand after we are dust. They teach us, and we tend them. G.A. MacDunelmor BASIC GROWING REQUIREMENTS FOR YOUR Oak Trees The
More informationPVC PIPE PERFORMANCE FACTORS
PVC PIPE PERFORMANCE FACTORS PVC pipe, like all flexible pipe products, is very dependent on the surrounding soil for its structural capacity, in addition, the pipe material must have sufficient inherent
More informationLesson 10: Basic Inventory Calculations
Lesson 10: Basic Inventory Calculations Review and Introduction In the preceding lessons, you learned how to establish and take measurements in sample plots. You can use a program like LMS to calculate
More informationTEXT OF BILL Incorporated Village of Sea Cliff BILL NO. 1-2014
TEXT OF BILL Incorporated Village of Sea Cliff BILL NO. 1-2014 A local law amending Chapter 121 of the Village Code of the Village of Sea Cliff to regulate the preservation and protection of trees in the
More informationWhat you need to know about the management of. the Emerald Ash. Borer (EAB) Guidelines for hiring tree care services to manage urban trees
What you need to know about the management of the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Guidelines for hiring tree care services to manage urban trees What is an Emerald Ash Borer? This booklet has been designed for
More informationPMCap Local Thin Area Repair and Restoration Component. for Pressure Retaining Items
by Paul S. Manzon President and John K. Wiedemann Vice President, Engineering PMC Engineering Solutions, Inc. 272 Grubb Rd. Pottstown, PA 19465 ABSTRACT A common method of pressure boundary repair for
More informationTree Strategy. Good Practice Guide 1 Tree Work
Tree Strategy Good Practice Guide 1 Tree Work July 2009 Good Practice Guide 1 Tree Work 1. Purpose the guide 2. Introduction 3. Protected trees 4. Wildlife 5. Timing of pruning 6. Pruning Specifications
More informationGlass & Soil (Unit 3)
13 Glass & Soil (Unit 3) Glass Fractures Glass bends in response to any force that is exerted on any one of its surfaces. When the limit of its elasticity is reached, the glass will fracture. Frequently,
More informationTree Care. after storms
Tree Care after storms Snow, ice, tornadoes, hail and high-velocity winds are just a few of the natural perils Missouri s trees experience. When storms damage trees, cleanup and recovery can be bewildering.
More informationFinancial maturity is when the rate of value
Cutting at Financial Maturity: Maximizing the economic return of your woodland Woodland owners harvest trees for financial and personal reasons. Deciding when is the optimal time to harvest is difficult
More informationTechnical Notes 3B - Brick Masonry Section Properties May 1993
Technical Notes 3B - Brick Masonry Section Properties May 1993 Abstract: This Technical Notes is a design aid for the Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402-92) and Specifications
More informationGCCC - Copy Only. Root Structure of a tree in normal growing conditions. Arbor Master Tree Services 2012 Page 12 of 16
Barrier fencing is a good engineered control method for protecting trees from machinery during construction. The barrier should be sturdy enough to prevent equipment and machinery from accessing the Tree
More informationGUIDELINES FOR TREE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENT
GUIDELINES FOR TREE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENT GREENING, LANDSCAPE AND TREE MANAGEMENT SECTION DEVELOPMENT BUREAU NOVEMBER 2015 (8 th Edition) 1 GUIDELINES ON TREE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
More informationAre My. Pine Trees. Ready To Thin?
Are My Pine Trees Ready To Thin? ARE MY PINE TREES READY TO THIN? One question private forest landowners ask most frequently is, Are my pine trees ready to thin? There is no definite answer to this question,
More informationGeneral Guidelines on Tree Pruning
1 General Guidelines on Tree Pruning Tree pruning is the removal of unwanted branches from a tree such as those shown on Fig. (1) either for reducing risk and inconvenience to the public, maintaining or
More information