Bananas and Tree-Biomechanics. Frank Rinn

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Bananas and Tree-Biomechanics. Frank Rinn"

Transcription

1 Bananas and Tree-Biomechanics Frank Rinn (pdf-version for download: send to

2 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 2 / I am not an Arborist! 2. I do not know a lot of tree species, many fungi, how to prune a tree,... (So, please do not ask questions about all these aspects. ) 3. After having worked as a carpenter on our family business, I studied physics and developed resistance drilling (1986) and other methods for tree ring analysis (dendro-climatology), then sonic tomography, Tree/timber inspection was a side-effect of these scientific studies.

3 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 3 / 43 Trees are living on earth since Millions of years. Thus, obviously, in the average, they seem to be stable enough! But: Did trees had enough time to adapt to urban settings? (Root cutting, soil compaction, stem damages,...) => Can we trust trees as natural structures in urban settings?

4 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 4 / probably not every plant...

5 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 5 / trees are more trustworthy?...

6 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 6 / 43 Sorry, not always!

7 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 7 / 43 =>?? C H A N G E??! as tree experts we mainly have to look for changes " in structural strength (due to decay, aging,...) " of site conditions (wind load, soil,...)! when we want to assess the tree s condition and to evaluate eventually increased risk. =>! The new ISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualification will help looking for relevant changes of load or structural strength!

8 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 8 / 43 The German situation (since 1990): extreme positions! VTA (t/r>1/3, H/D>50, L/D>40) SIA t/r>1/10! Tree to be felled if visual inspection can not ensure safety (because technical inspection too expensive and dangerous ).! Every (road-side) tree has to be drilled regularly (written proof) (because roots could be decayed).! Drilling kills trees : coring&resistance recording=fungi-autobahn! Only sonic tomography and / or pull-test accepted!! Exclusively this device, this method,, accepted.! 1. drilling => 2. sonic tomography => 3. pulling

9 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 9 / 43 One of the basic questions to answer by bio-mechanics: How hollow is a tree to be allowed? (and still save)

10 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 10 / 43 This kind of discussion, going on since 1990, is senseless, because...

11 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 11 / 43 Would you leave such trees standing?

12 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 12 / 43

13 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 13 / 43 there are many old and even very high trees that are hollow since decades but still standing => The rule t/r>1/3 seems to be not correct somehow, even not for these forest stand trees. They are standing up since decades, although heavily decayed and hollow.

14 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 14 / 43 Would you have cut this tree down?

15 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 15 / 43

16 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 16 / 43

17 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 17 / 43 => The rule t/r > 1/3 is valid for many trees, especially for young forest stand trees, having circular stems and central decay, because of tangential tension stresses dominate the failure modes.

18 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 18 / 43 Coconut palms mostly have 1/3 of the radius as strong wood. => t/r ~ 1/3 seems to be a natural design for specific structures. Is this valid for urban trees?

19 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 19 / 43

20 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 20 / 43 At stem base, often included bark leads to segmented cross sections

21 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 21 / 43

22 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 22 / 43 Urban trees that have to be inspected technically are mostly 1. old 2. not circular 3. may have included bark 4. decay is mostly not concentric => the 1/3 rule is correct but not valid for these trees! But, relative strength loss of a cross section can be calculated based on the geometrical distribution of intact and decayed parts. And the weakest bending direction can be determined.

23 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 23 / 43

24 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 24 / 43 Why are these old hollow trees still standing (safe)? > because load carrying capacity (W) of a cross-section is proportional to Material Strength * Diameter³ load carrying capacity ~ (Material Strength) * Diameter³ => height / wind load of old trees do not grow but diameter does! => a small increase in D leads to a big increase in W! => D+1% => W+~3%, doubling after 25years!

25 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 25 / 43 In terms of strength loss, location of decay is more important than size!

26 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 26 / 43

27 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 27 / 43 ==>! Structural strength loss (= loss in load carrying capacity) " is not proportional to loss of cross sectional area by defects " may be both - much lower - much higher " than loss of cross sectional area! But, this approach only takes into account bending loads and leads to crazy results if it comes to real thin shell walls:

28 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 28 / 43 Free online ( SIA ) calculation of required shell wall thickness of trees: major inputs: tree species tree height site (city, flat-land) typical crown shape

29 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 29 / 43 Due to this SIA-calculation, a shell wall of 2cm (<1inch) would be sufficient for a 20m (~60ft) tree (BHD = 1m ~ 3ft)!

30 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 30 / 43 Where do mature urban fail? Mostly not at 50" height by trunk failure! (happens in forests) Typical distribution in urban settings: ~ 80% ~ 15% ~ 5% crown / limb / branch uprooting stem-breakage

31 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 31 / 43 => Shell wall thickness is an appropriate measure in forest stands with centrally rotten cylindrical trees but not for the typical mature urban tree! => Stem assessment is more important in terms of indicating what is going on in root and/or crown/limbs/forks! => Relative strength loss depends more on location than on size of decay! => t/r > 1/3 = a rule of thumb in rare cases, not more! => t/r ~ 1/10 = only valid for glass/concrete, not for trees! => the really dangerous zone starts between 1/3 and 1/10 depending on age, decay location, load and stand!

32 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 32 / 43 => Bananas help understanding Tree Biomechanics tree safety strength ~ function of material, shape and size,... load ~ function of weight, size, and (mainly) wind

33 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 33 / 43! Most trees initially fail by (shear) cracks caused by dynamic / torsional loading.! Urban trees to be inspected are mostly old or very old, not circular, decayed and/or hollow! => Thresholds from young forest trees (t/r>1/3) and engineering (t/r>1/10) both can not be applied.! => No simple rule of thumb for evaluating tree stability!! => Every tree needs an individual approach!! => We have to study mature trees loaded to failure for finding non-destructive measures for tree safety!

34 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 34 / 43 The German Association of Certified Arborists Fachverband geprüfter Baumpfleger started 2009 loading trees to failure after having inspected them with all available equipment.

35 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 35 / 43

36 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 36 / 43

37 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 37 / 43

38 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 38 / 43

39 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 39 / 43

40 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 40 / 43 => one of the major results from comparing methods: strength loss can be obtained on different ways!

41 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 41 / 43

42 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 42 / 43 => sonic tomography delivers similar values for bending strength loss of stem crosssections as pull-test!

43 2012 FRANK RINN BANANAS AND TREE-BIOMECHANICS 43 / 43 =>! There is a need for a " basic understanding => banana bio-mechanics! and a " guideline (ISA qualification on tree risk assessment TRAQ) Thank you for your attention! (pdf-version for download: send to info@rinntech.com)

Urban and Community Forestry Agriculture & Natural Resources TIMELY INFORMATION Post Storm Tree Assessment; Guide to evaluating trees

Urban and Community Forestry Agriculture & Natural Resources TIMELY INFORMATION Post Storm Tree Assessment; Guide to evaluating trees Urban and Community Forestry Agriculture & Natural Resources TIMELY INFORMATION Post Storm Tree Assessment; Guide to evaluating trees Post Storm Assessment: To assess trees in the aftermath of storms it

More information

Used to evaluate the likelihood of failure, Include: the history of previous failures, site changes wind and rain exposure (Load Factors)

Used to evaluate the likelihood of failure, Include: the history of previous failures, site changes wind and rain exposure (Load Factors) Site Factors Used to evaluate the likelihood of failure, Include: the history of previous failures, site changes wind and rain exposure (Load Factors) Target Targets are people or property that could be

More information

III. Hazard Tree Summary

III. Hazard Tree Summary III. Hazard Tree Summary Methodology The sheer numbers of trees as well as the difficulty in determining precise tree ownerships has hampered hazard tree identification on the SVCA property. We did identify

More information

Application for Tree Works: Works to Trees Subject to a Tree Preservation Order (TPO)

Application for Tree Works: Works to Trees Subject to a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) Application for Tree Works: Works to Trees Subject to a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) and/or Notification of Proposed Works to Trees in Conservation Areas (CA) Town and Country Planning Act 1990 When to

More information

Comparative Analysis of Tools and Methods for the Evaluation of Tree Stability

Comparative Analysis of Tools and Methods for the Evaluation of Tree Stability Comparative Analysis of Tools and Methods for the Evaluation of Tree Stability Results of a field test in Germany By Bodo Siegert In a field-test project, sixteen trees were examined and evaluated through

More information

Pruning Deciduous Shade Trees

Pruning Deciduous Shade Trees Cooperative Extension Pruning Deciduous Shade Trees Trees in the wild are never pruned, yet they often have long healthy lives. In a natural setting, their branches develop a balance and form typical of

More information

Proper Pruning Basic Techniques and Tips. 2012 ECCFC Rocky Ford, CO

Proper Pruning Basic Techniques and Tips. 2012 ECCFC Rocky Ford, CO Proper Pruning Basic Techniques and Tips 2012 ECCFC Rocky Ford, CO 1 The Pro-Active Pruner! Plan BEFORE Planting Select the Right Tree For the Right Place Begin pruning trees while they are young Common

More information

Guide to Healthy Trees

Guide to Healthy Trees Guide to Healthy Trees Al and Bri Seaton Front cover image: This magnifi cent tree is located on our property in Mansfi eld, Victoria. A few years ago it was suffering severely from drought, erosion and

More information

Pruning Mature Trees. Reasons for Pruning

Pruning Mature Trees. Reasons for Pruning Pruning Mature Trees Pruning is the most common tree maintenance procedure. Although forest trees grow quite well with only nature's pruning, landscape trees require a higher level of care to maintain

More information

Construction Guidelines for Tree Protection. d. DISTRICT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION URBAN FORESTRY ADMINISTRATION

Construction Guidelines for Tree Protection. d. DISTRICT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION URBAN FORESTRY ADMINISTRATION Construction Guidelines for Tree Protection d. DISTRICT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION URBAN FORESTRY ADMINISTRATION City of Trees Our time in history Since 1872, when Governor Alexander Shepherd planted

More information

Tree Trimming Tips and Tricks

Tree Trimming Tips and Tricks Tree Trimming Tips and Tricks Start with Professionals Mistakes can be costly for you and your tree. Professionals who know about trees can help you get started with the right tree in the right place.

More information

Tree Work on District of West Vancouver Property

Tree Work on District of West Vancouver Property CORPORATE POLICY Parks & Community Services File #2190-01-01 West Vancouver Property 1.0 Purpose This policy has three sections: 1.1 Section 1 ensures the safety of the residents of West Vancouver through

More information

Tree Assessment Report Prepared for: Dr. Peter Giarrizzo 18 Franklin Place Pelham NY 10803

Tree Assessment Report Prepared for: Dr. Peter Giarrizzo 18 Franklin Place Pelham NY 10803 Pelham Board of Education Tree Assessment Report Prepared for: Dr. Peter Giarrizzo 18 Franklin Place Pelham NY 10803 Prepared by: Ken Almstead, Certified Arborist NY 0335 Tree Risk Assessor Qualification

More information

Electronic Communication. 1/2. Applicant s And Agent s Names And Addresses. 3. Tree Location. 4. Tree Ownership

Electronic Communication. 1/2. Applicant s And Agent s Names And Addresses. 3. Tree Location. 4. Tree Ownership Application for Tree Works: Works to Trees Subject to a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) and/or Notification of Proposed Works to Trees in Conservation Areas (CA) Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Electronic

More information

The Basics of Tree Pruning

The Basics of Tree Pruning The Basics of Tree Pruning By John Ball, Forest Health Specialist and Aaron Kiesz, Urban and Community Forestry Specialist Until the end of the 19 th century, trees were not a common sight in many parts

More information

GLOSSARY OF TREE TERMS

GLOSSARY OF TREE TERMS GLOSSARY OF TREE TERMS Aeration providing air to the soil to alleviate compaction and improve structure. Arboriculture the practice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants. Arborist a professional

More information

Tree Structure - Dynamics Ken James University of Melbourne, Australia

Tree Structure - Dynamics Ken James University of Melbourne, Australia Tree Structure - Dynamics Ken James University of Melbourne, Australia Tree Structure Statics & Dynamics Trees are optimised structures Statics well covered in last 10 years Dynamics - difficult Wind creates

More information

It was my assignment to physically inspect the 8 trees on site near the proposed construction,

It was my assignment to physically inspect the 8 trees on site near the proposed construction, July 11, 2013 Tariton Properties 2555 Park Blvd Palo Alto, CA 94306 Re: Tree Survey To Whom It May Concern: Assignment It was my assignment to physically inspect the 8 trees on site near the proposed construction,

More information

Planting and Tree Care for Roxborough Park. Keith Worley, Forester ISA Certified Arborist

Planting and Tree Care for Roxborough Park. Keith Worley, Forester ISA Certified Arborist Planting and Tree Care for Roxborough Park Keith Worley, Forester ISA Certified Arborist Where We Live: High elevation at the edge of Mountains and Plains. Harsh climates with: High winds. Drought periods

More information

Report from Life Coastal Woodlands. Forest management methods in the coastal woodlands

Report from Life Coastal Woodlands. Forest management methods in the coastal woodlands Report from Life Coastal Woodlands Forest management methods in the coastal woodlands Ida Wigrup, Swedish Forest Agency 2007 Content 1 Introduction 3 2 Regeneration cutting with nature conservation consideration

More information

Works to Protected Trees - Exceptions

Works to Protected Trees - Exceptions Works to Protected Trees - Exceptions Advice note 3 September 2013 version 2 Planning and Regeneration Service INDEX Introduction 3 List of Exceptions 3 Requirements to notify 4 Cornwall Council recommendations

More information

A GUIDE: DEVELOPING A STREET AND PARK TREE MANAGEMENT PLAN

A GUIDE: DEVELOPING A STREET AND PARK TREE MANAGEMENT PLAN A GUIDE: DEVELOPING A STREET AND PARK TREE MANAGEMENT PLAN An introduction to the preparation of a strategic approach to the care and maintenance of your community forest USDA Forest Service Northeastern

More information

H-GAC Debris Workshop 2: Mitigating Your Hazards Handout 1 Public Outreach Debris Mitigation Strategies

H-GAC Debris Workshop 2: Mitigating Your Hazards Handout 1 Public Outreach Debris Mitigation Strategies H-GAC Debris Workshop 2: Mitigating Your Hazards Handout 1 Public Outreach Debris Mitigation Strategies This handout provides examples of debris mitigation initiatives for the public that communities have

More information

Q. Why does OG&E clear vegetation away from power lines? A. Trees that grow into power lines can cause problems in multiple ways:

Q. Why does OG&E clear vegetation away from power lines? A. Trees that grow into power lines can cause problems in multiple ways: Q. Why does OG&E clear vegetation away from power lines? A. Trees that grow into power lines can cause problems in multiple ways: Outages Tree limbs contacting power lines are one of the most common causes

More information

Public Utility District #1 of Jefferson County Vegetation Clearance Policy And Specifications

Public Utility District #1 of Jefferson County Vegetation Clearance Policy And Specifications Jefferson County PUD Company Policy Policy No. Date: Public Utility District #1 of Jefferson County Vegetation Clearance Policy And Specifications Purpose The purpose of this policy statement and these

More information

DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RONALD MATRANGA SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY (RICE FIRE)

DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RONALD MATRANGA SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY (RICE FIRE) Proceeding No.: Exhibit No.: Witness: I.0--00 Ronald Matranga DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RONALD MATRANGA SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY (RICE FIRE) BEFORE THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

More information

What Do You See? FOR 274: Forest Measurements and Inventory. Logs and Scaling: Definitions. Tree and Wood Volume Log Volumes Cords Weight Scaling

What Do You See? FOR 274: Forest Measurements and Inventory. Logs and Scaling: Definitions. Tree and Wood Volume Log Volumes Cords Weight Scaling What Do You See? FOR 274: Forest Measurements and Inventory Tree and Wood Volume Log Volumes Cords Weight Scaling Logs and Scaling: Definitions Logs: cut trees lengths of 8ft or more The process of measuring

More information

Avoiding Tree & Utility Conflicts

Avoiding Tree & Utility Conflicts Avoiding Tree & Utility Conflicts Determining where to plant a tree is a decision that should not be taken lightly. Many factors should be considered prior to planting. When planning what type of tree

More information

Why hire an arborist?

Why hire an arborist? Why hire an arborist? Spring is fast approaching and that means gardens to attend and flowers to plant, but what about your trees? Now is the best time to hire an arborist to maintain your trees before

More information

TREE ASSESSMENT REPORT

TREE ASSESSMENT REPORT TREE ASSESSMENT REPORT Assessment of Araucaria columnaris (Cook Island Pine) Located at: 62-64 Beachcrest Rd WELLINGTON POINT QLD 4160 Prepared for Redland City Council By Ken Folkes Arborist, Redland

More information

Net Factoring 2. January 1, 2007 Amendment No. 1 2-1

Net Factoring 2. January 1, 2007 Amendment No. 1 2-1 Net Factoring 2 January 1, 2007 Amendment No. 1 2-1 CGNF Standards and Procedures Ministry of Forests and Range 2.1 Net Factoring Process 1. In conjunction with the end use sorts, standard log lengths

More information

Bradgate Park Landscape Tree Survey. Tree Schedule, Group Schedule, Woodland Schedule & Key to Schedule

Bradgate Park Landscape Tree Survey. Tree Schedule, Group Schedule, Woodland Schedule & Key to Schedule Bradgate Park Landscape Tree Survey Tree Schedule, Group Schedule, Woodland Schedule & Key to Schedule Appendix A of the Landscape Tree Survey Report On Behalf of The Bradgate Park Trust Bradgate Park

More information

Virginia State University Tree Care Plan

Virginia State University Tree Care Plan Virginia State University Tree Care Plan Justification and Introduction: Trees and shrubs are an extraordinarily valuable asset to the Virginia State University community. Benefits include energy efficiency

More information

Crown Volume Estimates. Edward Forrest Frank. December 10, 2010. Eastern Native Tree Society

Crown Volume Estimates. Edward Forrest Frank. December 10, 2010. Eastern Native Tree Society Crown Volume Estimates By Edward Forrest Frank December 10, 2010 Eastern Native Tree Society CROWN VOLUME ESTIMATES Introduction This paper presents a simplified method for estimating the crown volumes

More information

Tree Removal Application

Tree Removal Application Tree Removal Application PROPERTY INFORMATION Name of Property Owner(s): Site Address: Tax Parcel Number: Property Square Footage: Location of trees to be removed: Front Side Rear SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS

More information

Consolidated for Convenience Only

Consolidated for Convenience Only CITY OF KAMLOOPS Consolidated for Convenience Only This is a consolidation of "City of Kamloops Tree Protection By-law No. 24-35, 1998". The amendment by-law listed below has been combined with the original

More information

agrees to replace at no charge any tree that dies and subsequent inspection shows that the wire basket was not properly removed.

agrees to replace at no charge any tree that dies and subsequent inspection shows that the wire basket was not properly removed. Adopted 12/5/00; revised as of 1/2/07 Marietta Tree Commission Rules and Regulations I. Tree Planting A. Planting Specifications 1. Trees must be: A) of a minimum 1¼ inches caliper; B) single stem, straight,

More information

When you buy a high-quality tree, plant it correctly, and treat it properly, you and your tree will benefit greatly in many ways for many years.

When you buy a high-quality tree, plant it correctly, and treat it properly, you and your tree will benefit greatly in many ways for many years. Buying High-Quality Trees When you buy a high-quality tree, plant it correctly, and treat it properly, you and your tree will benefit greatly in many ways for many years. When you buy a low-quality tree,

More information

Trees and Reliable Electric Service. Answers to Questions About Tree Pruning and Electric Power. We re connected to you by more than power lines.

Trees and Reliable Electric Service. Answers to Questions About Tree Pruning and Electric Power. We re connected to you by more than power lines. Trees and Reliable Electric Service Answers to Questions About Tree Pruning and Electric Power We re connected to you by more than power lines. How is Line Clearance Done? Pepco s tree contractor will

More information

Two Main Precautions Before You Begin Working

Two Main Precautions Before You Begin Working Pruning Mango Trees Roy Beckford, Ag/Natural Resources Agent, UF/IFAS Lee County Two Main Precautions Before You Begin Working 1. Mango peel and sap contain urushiol, the chemical in poison ivy and poison

More information

CHECKLIST FOR DC SUBMISSION - CONVENTIONAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT WITH OPEN SPACE PROVISION

CHECKLIST FOR DC SUBMISSION - CONVENTIONAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT WITH OPEN SPACE PROVISION 1 General NPARKS-0-DCS03 CHECKLIST FOR DC SUBMISSION - CONVENTIONAL HOUSING (a) The following plans are provided: Key and location plans of scale 1 : 10,000 or 1 : 5,000 showing access to the site from

More information

In the Storm s Wake. This Quick Guide was produced by the Colorado State Forest Service to promote knowledge transfer. May 2010 www.csfs.colostate.

In the Storm s Wake. This Quick Guide was produced by the Colorado State Forest Service to promote knowledge transfer. May 2010 www.csfs.colostate. QUICK GUIDES UCF 2010-1 Caring for Storm- Damaged Trees Information provided by the National Arbor Day Foundation and the International Society of Arboriculture In the Storm s Wake After a major storm,

More information

1. A plane passes through the apex (top point) of a cone and then through its base. What geometric figure will be formed from this intersection?

1. A plane passes through the apex (top point) of a cone and then through its base. What geometric figure will be formed from this intersection? Student Name: Teacher: Date: District: Description: Miami-Dade County Public Schools Geometry Topic 7: 3-Dimensional Shapes 1. A plane passes through the apex (top point) of a cone and then through its

More information

Pruning Trees. Center for Landscape and Urban Horticulture. University of California Cooperative Extension Central Coast & South Region

Pruning Trees. Center for Landscape and Urban Horticulture. University of California Cooperative Extension Central Coast & South Region University of California Cooperative Extension Central Coast & South Region Center for Landscape and Urban Horticulture Pruning Trees Pruning Trees at Planting Landscape trees should not be pruned at planting

More information

Can These Trees Be Saved?

Can These Trees Be Saved? Can These Trees Be Saved? In cooperation with the USDA Forest Service and the International Society of Arboriculture. A storm can leave trees looking like there's no tomorrow. Major limbs may be broken

More information

BIOMECHANICS OF THE TREES

BIOMECHANICS OF THE TREES Roland Ennos FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER (UK) Thierry Fourcaud CIRAD, MONTPELLIER (FRANCE) Hanns- Cristof Spatz EMERITUS, UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG (GERMANY) Alexia Stokes INRA, MONTPELLIER

More information

Begin forwarded message:

Begin forwarded message: From: To: Subject: Date: Attachments: Heather Scott Tully, Tania Fwd: Stalite Root Bridge Tuesday, November 17, 2015 8:58:01 AM Stalite_Root_Bridge_brochure[1].pdf Begin forwarded message: From: "Chuck

More information

Tree Talk. Customer Care. www.lipower.org

Tree Talk. Customer Care. www.lipower.org Customer Care Tree Talk Did you know that trees can help improve your safety and electric reliability? This booklet will help you select the best trees for your home, and provide tips about their maintenance

More information

After the Storm: Caring for Your Trees

After the Storm: Caring for Your Trees Montana State University Extension Service Peter Kolb (PhD) MSU Extension Forestry Specialist School of Forestry, University of Montana,Missoula, MT 59812 Tel. (406) 243-4705; e-mail: efpfk@forestry.umt.edu

More information

DO's and DON'Ts in Pruning

DO's and DON'Ts in Pruning DO's and DON'Ts in Pruning Introduction "Pruning is one of the best things an arborist can do for a tree but one of the worst things we can do to a tree" -Alex Shigo Pruning is the most common tree maintenance

More information

Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Conservation Branch. Nature Conservation Practice Note No. 02 Revised: June 2006

Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Conservation Branch. Nature Conservation Practice Note No. 02 Revised: June 2006 Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Conservation Branch Nature Conservation Practice Note No. 02 Revised: June 2006 Ref: AF GR CON 21/2 Measurement of Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) 1.

More information

Let s look at an example of where grade 5 and grade 8 bolts are subjected to single shear loads (winch plate reference).

Let s look at an example of where grade 5 and grade 8 bolts are subjected to single shear loads (winch plate reference). Bolt s I have been on a quite a few online email lists over the last 7 years or so, basically since they first came out. From the original Jeep-L list to the XJ-list to the Rockcrawler.com board, a common

More information

Construction Damage to Trees

Construction Damage to Trees Construction Damage to Trees When a building site is cleared, several large, well-established trees are often left to enhance the aesthetic value of the property. However, within about 2-8 years after

More information

Tree Condition Survey for Proposed Taplow Footbridge at Ray Mill Island and Taplow Riverside, Mill Lane Taplow, Buckinghamshire

Tree Condition Survey for Proposed Taplow Footbridge at Ray Mill Island and Taplow Riverside, Mill Lane Taplow, Buckinghamshire Tree Condition Survey for Proposed Taplow Footbridge at Ray Mill Island and Taplow Riverside, Mill Lane Taplow, Buckinghamshire Tree Condition Survey for Proposed Taplow Footbridge at Ray Mill Island and

More information

Hardened Concrete. Lecture No. 14

Hardened Concrete. Lecture No. 14 Hardened Concrete Lecture No. 14 Strength of Concrete Strength of concrete is commonly considered its most valuable property, although in many practical cases, other characteristics, such as durability

More information

There are several consequences of not conducting a regular pruning program. These include:

There are several consequences of not conducting a regular pruning program. These include: Pruning is a double-edged sword, either helping or hurting according to if, where, when, how, and why it is applied. When properly executed, a variety of benefits can occur. Benefits include reducing risk

More information

Woodlands Management Plan. (Draft June 2011) A. Definition of Woodlands Areas vs. Landscaped Areas of Parkfairfax

Woodlands Management Plan. (Draft June 2011) A. Definition of Woodlands Areas vs. Landscaped Areas of Parkfairfax Woodlands Management Plan (Draft June 2011) I. Background A. Definition of Woodlands Areas vs. Landscaped Areas of Parkfairfax The woodlands are defined as those wooded areas of Parkfairfax which are left

More information

ARBORIST REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS

ARBORIST REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS ARBORIST REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS City Planning / Parks, Forestry & Recreation The purpose of this form is to acquire preliminary information respecting trees on private and City property, in

More information

Tree Management Policy

Tree Management Policy Tree Management Policy This policy is designed to be a policy framework for the management of trees owned and managed by the Connect HA. It sets out the guiding principles for managing our stock, to assist

More information

REFERENCE NO. TPO/082/014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

REFERENCE NO. TPO/082/014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REFERENCE NO. TPO/082/014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Site Address 1 Furze Hill, London Road, Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire Proposals Confirmation of Tree Preservation Order Case Officer David Wyatt/Ruth Rose

More information

1997 Uniform Administrative Code Amendment for Earthen Material and Straw Bale Structures Tucson/Pima County, Arizona

1997 Uniform Administrative Code Amendment for Earthen Material and Straw Bale Structures Tucson/Pima County, Arizona for Earthen Material and Straw Bale Structures SECTION 70 - GENERAL "APPENDIX CHAPTER 7 - EARTHEN MATERIAL STRUCTURES 70. Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to establish minimum standards of safety

More information

Caring for StormDamaged Trees

Caring for StormDamaged Trees QUICK GUIDES UCF 2010-1 Caring for StormDamaged Trees Information provided by the National Arbor Day Foundation and the International Society of Arboriculture In the Storm s Wake After a major storm, a

More information

This seminar includes both classroom and field components in a world-renowned location, TreeHouse Point.

This seminar includes both classroom and field components in a world-renowned location, TreeHouse Point. Practical Tree Science Seminar 2014 Monday June 23 rd 9am - 4pm TreeHouse Point 6922 Preston-Fall City Rd SE Issaquah, WA 98027* This is a seminar geared at bridging the gap between scientific research

More information

Geometry and dimensional tolerances of engine bearings

Geometry and dimensional tolerances of engine bearings Geometry and dimensional tolerances of engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich (Research & Development Manager.) 1. Hydrodynamic lubrication Engine bearings operate mostly in the hydrodynamic regime of

More information

TREE PERMIT APPLICATION Private Property- Section 10.52.120 MBMC COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

TREE PERMIT APPLICATION Private Property- Section 10.52.120 MBMC COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Permit No.: TREE PERMIT APPLICATION Private Property- Section 10.52.120 MBMC COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT City Hall 1400 Highland Avenue Manhattan Beach, CA 90266-4795 Telephone (310) 802-5500 FAX

More information

A. In this chapter, the following terms have the meanings indicated.

A. In this chapter, the following terms have the meanings indicated. 08.07.02.01 Title 08 DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Subtitle 07 FORESTS AND PARKS Chapter 02 Roadside Tree Care Authority: Natural Resources Article, 5-209 and 5-406, Annotated Code of Maryland.01 Purpose.

More information

Pruning Urban Trees How much, and how often is it really Necessary?

Pruning Urban Trees How much, and how often is it really Necessary? Pruning Urban Trees How much, and how often is it really Necessary? Deborah Ellis, Rev. 4/2/2013 I have good news for you, the tree owner/manager! Urban trees do not need to pruned nearly as often and

More information

Lab for Deflection and Moment of Inertia

Lab for Deflection and Moment of Inertia Deflection and Moment of Inertia Subject Area(s) Associated Unit Lesson Title Physics Wind Effects on Model Building Lab for Deflection and Moment of Inertia Grade Level (11-12) Part # 2 of 3 Lesson #

More information

Request for Proposals RFP No. 01-2015. Tree Inventory, Tree Inventory Data Management Software, and Urban Forest Management Plan

Request for Proposals RFP No. 01-2015. Tree Inventory, Tree Inventory Data Management Software, and Urban Forest Management Plan Request for Proposals RFP No. 01-2015 Tree Inventory, Tree Inventory Data Management Software, and Urban Forest Management Plan All Proposals must be submitted to the Parks and Recreation Services Department.

More information

restoring trees after a hurricane

restoring trees after a hurricane CHAPTER restoring trees after a hurricane PUBLICATION Nº ENH 1054 edward f. gilman t r a c i pa r t i n Introduction Contents The step-by-step outline provided in this document summarizes the process for

More information

Section 01562 TREE AND PLANT PROTECTION

Section 01562 TREE AND PLANT PROTECTION Section 01562 PART 1 G E N E R A L 1.01 SECTION INCLUDES A. Tree and plant protection. B. Minimum qualifications of Arborist and Urban Forester. 1.02 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT A. Payment for Tree Protection,

More information

Ten Easy Ways to Kill a Tree

Ten Easy Ways to Kill a Tree DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & EXTENSION University of Arkansas System Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA5011 Ten Easy Ways to Kill a Tree (And How to Avoid Them) H. Christoph Stuhlinger University

More information

University of Central Florida Campus Tree Care Plan Adopted October 2010

University of Central Florida Campus Tree Care Plan Adopted October 2010 University of Central Florida Campus Tree Care Plan Adopted October 2010 Prepared by: Dr. Patrick Bohlen, Director Timothy Newman, Landscape Superintendent Alaina Bernard, Land Manager Jennifer Pudewell,

More information

Lesson 6: Measuring Trees

Lesson 6: Measuring Trees Review and Introduction Lesson 6: Measuring Trees In Lesson 4 and Lesson 5, you learned how to establish either a fixed plot or a variable plot. With your plot established and your in trees tallied, now

More information

1 SEEDLING QUALITY. Seedling quality

1 SEEDLING QUALITY. Seedling quality Seedling quality Quality versus quantity A nursery manager s most important goal is to produce quality trees. Quality is more important than quantity. It is a common mistake in nurseries to concentrate

More information

T R E E B R A C I N G. Tree support has a name - cobra - worldwide

T R E E B R A C I N G. Tree support has a name - cobra - worldwide pbs weltweit erfolgreiche Baumsicherungs-Produkte T R E E B R A C I N G Tree support has a name - cobra - worldwide 2 The cobra-system cobra is a dynamic tree support system specially designed to be flexible

More information

Using the ISA Basic Tree Risk Assessment Form

Using the ISA Basic Tree Risk Assessment Form Using the ISA Basic Tree Risk Assessment Form This form is provided with the ISA Tree Risk Assessment Manual and is intended to act as a guide for collecting and recording tree risk assessment information.

More information

Keep these few simple principles in mind before pruning a tree:

Keep these few simple principles in mind before pruning a tree: Pruning Young Trees Proper pruning is essential in developing a tree with a strong structure and desirable form. Trees that receive the appropriate pruning measures while they are young will require little

More information

The Strength of Concrete

The Strength of Concrete Chapter The Strength of Concrete.1 The Importance of Strength.2 Strength Level Required KINDS OF STRENGTH. Compressive Strength.4 Flexural Strength.5 Tensile Strength.6 Shear, Torsion and Combined Stresses.7

More information

MEASURING WOOD DENSITY FOR TROPICAL FOREST TREES A FIELD MANUAL

MEASURING WOOD DENSITY FOR TROPICAL FOREST TREES A FIELD MANUAL Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) MEASURING WOOD DENSITY FOR TROPICAL FOREST TREES A FIELD MANUAL Author Dr. Jerome Chave (chave@cict.fr) Lab. Evolution et Diversité Biologique Université Paul Sabatier

More information

Guidelines for Tree Risk Assessment and Management Arrangement On an Area Basis and on a Tree Basis

Guidelines for Tree Risk Assessment and Management Arrangement On an Area Basis and on a Tree Basis On an Area Basis and on a Tree Basis GREENING, LANDSCAPE AND TREE MANAGEMENT SECTION DEVELOPMENT BUREAU October 2014 GUIDELINES FOR TREE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENT ON AN AREA BASIS AND

More information

Texas State University Tree Care Plan November 2014

Texas State University Tree Care Plan November 2014 Texas State University Tree Care Plan November 2014 JuneJune 7, 2011 Jun Page 1 1. PURPOSE A well-developed tree care plan is necessary to ensure the beautification and diversification of foliage found

More information

Tree Maintenance Practices

Tree Maintenance Practices OUTLINE. I. Pruning Methods a. Crown Raising.3 b. Structural Pruning...3 c. Thinning 4 d. Crown Reduction (drop crotch).4 e. Restoration...5 II. Pruning Cuts a. Types of Pruning Cuts.5-8 b. Principles,

More information

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Biomass Harvest Guidelines

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Biomass Harvest Guidelines FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Biomass Harvest Guidelines What do Biomass Harvest Guidelines offer? They offer recommendations to manage forest-, brush- and open- land with the intent to protect water, timber,

More information

DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES OAK TREES CARE AND MAINTENANCE

DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES OAK TREES CARE AND MAINTENANCE DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES OAK TREES CARE AND MAINTENANCE This guide will offer basic information for the preservation and maintenance of oak trees as a part of an overall landscape use. Unfortunately, oak

More information

Oak Trees BASIC GROWING REQUIREMENTS FOR YOUR

Oak Trees BASIC GROWING REQUIREMENTS FOR YOUR They are beautiful in their peace, They are wise in their silence. They will stand after we are dust. They teach us, and we tend them. G.A. MacDunelmor BASIC GROWING REQUIREMENTS FOR YOUR Oak Trees The

More information

PVC PIPE PERFORMANCE FACTORS

PVC PIPE PERFORMANCE FACTORS PVC PIPE PERFORMANCE FACTORS PVC pipe, like all flexible pipe products, is very dependent on the surrounding soil for its structural capacity, in addition, the pipe material must have sufficient inherent

More information

Lesson 10: Basic Inventory Calculations

Lesson 10: Basic Inventory Calculations Lesson 10: Basic Inventory Calculations Review and Introduction In the preceding lessons, you learned how to establish and take measurements in sample plots. You can use a program like LMS to calculate

More information

TEXT OF BILL Incorporated Village of Sea Cliff BILL NO. 1-2014

TEXT OF BILL Incorporated Village of Sea Cliff BILL NO. 1-2014 TEXT OF BILL Incorporated Village of Sea Cliff BILL NO. 1-2014 A local law amending Chapter 121 of the Village Code of the Village of Sea Cliff to regulate the preservation and protection of trees in the

More information

What you need to know about the management of. the Emerald Ash. Borer (EAB) Guidelines for hiring tree care services to manage urban trees

What you need to know about the management of. the Emerald Ash. Borer (EAB) Guidelines for hiring tree care services to manage urban trees What you need to know about the management of the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Guidelines for hiring tree care services to manage urban trees What is an Emerald Ash Borer? This booklet has been designed for

More information

PMCap Local Thin Area Repair and Restoration Component. for Pressure Retaining Items

PMCap Local Thin Area Repair and Restoration Component. for Pressure Retaining Items by Paul S. Manzon President and John K. Wiedemann Vice President, Engineering PMC Engineering Solutions, Inc. 272 Grubb Rd. Pottstown, PA 19465 ABSTRACT A common method of pressure boundary repair for

More information

Tree Strategy. Good Practice Guide 1 Tree Work

Tree Strategy. Good Practice Guide 1 Tree Work Tree Strategy Good Practice Guide 1 Tree Work July 2009 Good Practice Guide 1 Tree Work 1. Purpose the guide 2. Introduction 3. Protected trees 4. Wildlife 5. Timing of pruning 6. Pruning Specifications

More information

Glass & Soil (Unit 3)

Glass & Soil (Unit 3) 13 Glass & Soil (Unit 3) Glass Fractures Glass bends in response to any force that is exerted on any one of its surfaces. When the limit of its elasticity is reached, the glass will fracture. Frequently,

More information

Tree Care. after storms

Tree Care. after storms Tree Care after storms Snow, ice, tornadoes, hail and high-velocity winds are just a few of the natural perils Missouri s trees experience. When storms damage trees, cleanup and recovery can be bewildering.

More information

Financial maturity is when the rate of value

Financial maturity is when the rate of value Cutting at Financial Maturity: Maximizing the economic return of your woodland Woodland owners harvest trees for financial and personal reasons. Deciding when is the optimal time to harvest is difficult

More information

Technical Notes 3B - Brick Masonry Section Properties May 1993

Technical Notes 3B - Brick Masonry Section Properties May 1993 Technical Notes 3B - Brick Masonry Section Properties May 1993 Abstract: This Technical Notes is a design aid for the Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402-92) and Specifications

More information

GCCC - Copy Only. Root Structure of a tree in normal growing conditions. Arbor Master Tree Services 2012 Page 12 of 16

GCCC - Copy Only. Root Structure of a tree in normal growing conditions. Arbor Master Tree Services 2012 Page 12 of 16 Barrier fencing is a good engineered control method for protecting trees from machinery during construction. The barrier should be sturdy enough to prevent equipment and machinery from accessing the Tree

More information

GUIDELINES FOR TREE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENT

GUIDELINES FOR TREE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR TREE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENT GREENING, LANDSCAPE AND TREE MANAGEMENT SECTION DEVELOPMENT BUREAU NOVEMBER 2015 (8 th Edition) 1 GUIDELINES ON TREE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

More information

Are My. Pine Trees. Ready To Thin?

Are My. Pine Trees. Ready To Thin? Are My Pine Trees Ready To Thin? ARE MY PINE TREES READY TO THIN? One question private forest landowners ask most frequently is, Are my pine trees ready to thin? There is no definite answer to this question,

More information

General Guidelines on Tree Pruning

General Guidelines on Tree Pruning 1 General Guidelines on Tree Pruning Tree pruning is the removal of unwanted branches from a tree such as those shown on Fig. (1) either for reducing risk and inconvenience to the public, maintaining or

More information