Cancer Screening for Men

Transcription

1 Cancer Screening for Men Cancer is a health problem that can often be cured or managed when it is found early. Here are guidelines to check for some common cancers that affect men. Screening is checking for a disease when there are no signs. All adults should have a cancer related checkup every 3 years between the ages of 20 to 39 and every year starting at 40. These guidelines are from the American Cancer Society. They are for people who are at normal risk. Some men have a higher risk for a certain kinds of cancer. Higher risk may be due to family history, lifestyle or other factors. Each man should talk with his doctor about his risk factors. You can change some of your risk factors. For example, if you quit smoking you can change your risk for cancers of the lung, mouth, larynx (voice box), bladder and kidney. You cannot change other factors, like your genes. In some cases you may be referred to see a Genetic Counselor for an evaluation. Here are common types of cancers that affect men and some reasons that may cause a person to have a higher risk. Use this as a guide to talk to your doctor about your own health and screening needs. Note, we use the term doctor, but you may be seen by another type of health care professional for your screening. Learn more about your health care. More on next page Cancer Screening for Men. Somali. Copyright 2010 James Cancer Hospital & Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center - Upon request all patient education handouts are available in other formats for people with special hearing, vision and language needs, call (614)

2 Baadhitaanka Kaansarka ee Ragga Kaansarku waa dhibaato caafimaad oo badanaa la bogsiin karo ama la maamuli karo haddii la helo goor hore. Halkan waxa ku yaalla tilmaamo ku saabsan sida loo baadho kaansarada caamka ah qaarkood ee raga saameeya. Baadhitaanku waa hubin lagu fiiriyo cudur marka aanay jirin wax calaamado ah. Dhamman dadka qaangaadhka ah waa in loo sameeyo baadhitaan la xidhiidha kaansarka 3 sanno kasta inta u dhexeysa da aha 20 ilaa 39 sanno iyo sannad kasta laga bilaabo da da 40. Tilmaamahan waxa laga soo xigtay Ururka Kaansarka ee Maraykanka (American Cancer Society). Waxa loogu talogalay dadka ku jira halis caadi ah. Ragga qaarkood waxay halis sii sareysa ugu jiraan noocyada kaansarka qaarkood. Halista sii sareysa waxa laga yaabaa inay sabab u yihiin taariikh qoys, hab nololeed ama qodobo kale. Nin kasta waa inuu dhakhtarkiisa kala hadlo qodobadiisa halista. Waad beddeli kartaa qaar ka mid ah qodobadaada halista. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad joojisid sigaar-cabista waxa aad beddeli kartaa halistaada kaansarada sambabka, afka, cunaha (sanduuqa codka), kaadi-haysta iyo kelyaha. Waxa jira qodobo aanad beddeli karin, sida hidde-sideyaashaada (genes). Xaaladaha qaarkood waxa dhici karta in laguu diro La-taliye Hidde (Genetic Counselor) si laguugu sameeyo qiimeyn. Halkan waxa ku yaala noocyada kaansarka ee caamka ah ee saameeya ragga iyo xoogaa sababo oo laga yaabo inay keenaan in qofku yeesho halis sii saraysa. Isticmaal tilmaamahan si aad dhakhtarkaaga ugala hadashid baahiyahaaga caafimaad iyo baadhitaan. La soco, waxa aannu isticmaalnay ereyga dhakhtar, laakiin waxa laga yaabaa inuu ku arko nooc kale oo ah xirfadle daryeel caafimaad marka laguu sameynayo baadhitaan. In kale bogga xigga Wax dheeraad ah ka baro daryeelka caafimaadkaaga. Cancer Screening for Men. Somali. Copyright 2010 James Cancer Hospital & Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center - Upon request all patient education handouts are available in other formats for people with special hearing, vision and language needs, call (614)

3 Page 2 Prostate Risk Factors Family history of prostate cancer Being African American Age (being older) Eating a diet high in animal fat or high fat diary products Screening for normal risk Beginning at age 50 talk with your doctor about getting screened for prostate cancer. If you have any risk factors you may need to begin screening between ages 40 to 45. Discuss this with your doctor. The American Cancer Society recommends that at age 50, you have a yearly digital rectal exam and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test. A PSA blood test should be done each year for men who have at least a 10 year life expectancy and for younger men who have higher risk.

4 Page 2 Qanjidhka Xiniinyaha (Prostate) Qodobo Halis Taariikh qoys oo ah kaansarka qanjidhka Ahaanta Afrikan Ameerikan Da da (sii da weynaan) Cuntada uu ku badan yahay dufanka xayawaanka ama dufanka caanaha iyo waxyaabaha laga sameeyay Baadhitaanka halis caadi ah Laga bilaabo da da 50 jir dhakhtarkaaga kala hadal in lagaa baadho kaansarka qanjidhka xiniinyaha. Haddii aad leedahay wax ah qodobo halis waxa aad u baahan tahay in laguu bilaabo baadhista inta u dhexeysa da aha 40 ilaa 45. Tan kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga. Ururka Kaansarka ee Maraykanka (American Cancer Society) waxa uu ku talinayaa in marka aad gaadhid da da 50 jir laguu sameeyo baadhis malawad oo dhijital ah sannad kasta (digital rectal exam) iyo baadhis dhiig oo u Gaar ah Qanjidhka Xiniinyaha (Prostate Specific Antigen) (PSA). Baadhis dhiig oo ah PSA waa in loo sameeyo sannad kasta ragga leh filasho nolol oo ah ugu yaraan 10 sannadood iyo ragga sii da da yar ee leh halis sii sareysa.

5 Page 3 Testicular Risk Factors Usually found between the ages of 20 to 54, but can affect men at any age Risk is 4 times greater for white men than African American men History of having undescended testicle(s) History of cancer in one testicle Family history of testicular cancer Screening for normal risk The American Cancer Society recommends that men talk with their doctor about whether they should practice monthly testicular exam. You should examine your testicles monthly, especially if you are in a high risk group. Tell your doctor right away if you find a mass or a lump.

6 Page 3 Xiniinyaha Qodob Halis Badanaa waxa la helaa da aha u dhexeeya 20 ilaa 54, laakin waxa uu saameyn karaa ragga ah da kasta Halistu waxay 4 jeer ku sii badan tahay ragga caddaanka ah marka la barbardhigo ragga ah Afrikan Ameerikan Lahaanta xiniin(yo) aan soo degin Taariikh kaansar oo ah hal xiniin Taariikh qoys oo ah kaansar xiniin Baadhitaanka halis caadi ah Ururka Kaansarka ee Maraykanka waxa uu ku talinayaa in raggu dhakhtarkooda kala hadlaan in loo baahan yahay inay isku sameeyaan baadhis xiniinyo bil kasta. Waa inaad baadhid xiniinyahaaga bil kasta, gaar ahaan haddii aad ku jirtid koox leh halis sare. Dhakhtarkaaga u sheeg isla markiiba haddii aad heshid wax kuusan ama fud ah.

7 Page 4 Colon or Rectal Risk Factors Being over 50 years old Being inactive and/or overweight Diet high in red/processed meat Diet low in fruits and vegetables Smoking Heavy alcohol use Family history of colorectal cancer syndrome or adenomatus polyps Type 2 diabetes History of colon or rectal cancer, colorectal polyps, or chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn s Disease) Screening for normal risk Starting at age 50, the following tests may be ordered by your doctor. Talk to your doctor about which test is best for you. Yearly fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) using the multiple sample method Flexible sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy every 10 years Double contrast barium enema exam every 5 years CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) every 5 years

8 Page 4 Mindhicirka ama Malawadka Qodob Halis Adiga oo ka weyn 50 sanno jir Firfircooni la aan iyo/ama miisaan siyaado ah Cunto uu ku badan yahay hilib cas/la warshadeeyay Cunto uu ku yar yahay furuut iyo khudaar Sigaar-cabis Isticmaalka culus ee aalkolada ama khamriga Taariikh qoys oo ah cilad mindhicir iyo malawad ama burooyinka adenomatus Sonkorowga/macaanka nooca 2 Taariikh ah kaansar mindhicir ama malawad, burooyin mindhicir iyo malawad, ama cudurka caloosha bararsan ee mudo dheer (chronic inflammatory bowel disease) (Crohn s Disease) Baadhitaanka halis caadi ah Laga bilaabo da da 50, waxa laga yaabaa in dhakhtarkaagu amro baadhisyada soo socda. Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga baadhista adiga kuugu fiican. Baadhista dhiigga dahsoon ee saxarada (fecal occult blood test) (FOBT) oo ah sannad kasta ama dhiig ka baadhista saxarada (fecal immunochemical test) (FIT) iyada oo la isticmaalayo habka saamballo dhawr ah (multiple sample method) Tuubada jilicsan ee la galiyo xiidmaha (Flexible sigmoidoscopy) Mindhicir fiirin (Colonoscopy) 10 sanno kasta Baadhitaanka mindhicirka ee double contrast barium enema oo ah 5 sanno kasta Baadhitaanka CT colonography (baadhitaan mindhicir oo kombiyuutar ah) (virtual colonoscopy) 5 sanno kasta

9 Page 5 Lung Risk Factors Smoking Exposure to second hand smoke Family or personal history of lung cancer Exposure to cancer-causing agents in the workplace or the environment (asbestos, fibers, radon, some chemicals, uranium, arsenic, vinyl chloride, diesel exhaust) Prevention The best way to prevent lung cancer is to stop smoking or never start. At this time there is no good way to check for lung cancer. The American Cancer Society does not recommend routine screening. Clinical trials are searching for ways to check for lung cancer. Smoking causes over 85% of lung cancers. Skin Risk Factors Ultraviolet light exposure (sunlight) Fair skin (light colored skin) Family history of melanoma Severe sunburns before age 18 Use of tanning beds Smoking Some workplace exposures (coal tar, pitch, creosote, arsenic or radium) Prevention Look for changes every month with your skin, freckles or moles. Skin exam during a regular health checkup

10 Page 5 Sambab Qodob Halis Sigaar-cabis Soo gaadhista qiiqa sigaarka qof kale cabay Taariikh qoys ama shakhsi oo ah kaansar sambab Soo gaadhista walxo keenaya kaansar oo ka dhacday goobta shaqada ama deegaanka ( asbestos, duf ama gas dun, radon, kiimimooyinka qaar, yuuraaniyam, arsenic, vinyl chloride, qiiqa naaftada) Maqaarka Qodob Halis Soo gaadhista iftiinka ah ultraviolet (iftiinka qorraxda) Maqaar cad (maqaar midabkiisu khafiif yahay) Taariikh qoys oo ah kaansarka maqaarka (melanoma) Gubashooyin qorrax oo daran ka hor da da 18 jir Isticmaalka sariiraha maqaarka lagu caseeyo (tanning beds) Sigaar-cabis Goobaha shaqada qaarkood (daamurka dhuxusha, daamur/ laamey, creosote, arsenic ama radium ) Ka hortagga Habka ugu fiican ee looga hortago kaansarka sambabada waa adiga oo joojiya cabista sigaarka ama adiga oo aan marna bilaabin. Wakhtigan ma jiro hab fiican oo lagu hubiyo jiritaanka kaansarka sambabka. Ururka Kaansarka ee Maraykanka (American Cancer Society) kuma talinayo baadhitaan joogto ah. Waxa jira tilaabooyin dhakhtar oo lagu raadinayo siyaabo lagu hubiyo jiritaanka kaasarka sambabka. Sigaar-cabista ayaa sababta in ka badan 85% kaansarada sambabada. Ka hortagga Maqaarkaaga, barahaaga ama burooyinkaaga ka fiiri isbeddelo bil kasta. Baadhis maqaar inta lagu baadhitaanka caafimaadka ee joogtada ah

11 Page 6 The American Cancer Society, American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association have joined together on this advice. To lower your risk for cancer, heart (cardiovascular) disease and diabetes aim at these goals: Get to a healthy weight and maintain it. Be active - exercise at least 30 minutes 5 or more days a week Eat at least 5 servings of vegetables and fruits every day. Do not smoke or use tobacco. Limit your alcoholic beverages to 1 drink per day for women and 2 per day for men. Here are places you may check for more information: JamesLine at or on the web at cancer.osu.edu American Cancer Society at ACS-2345 or on the web at The National Comprehensive Cancer Network at National Cancer Institute CANCER ( ) on the web at Other helpful Patient Education handouts: The ABCD s of Melanoma and Skin Self-Exam Cancer Genetics Consultation Colorectal Cancer Screening Irritable Bowel Syndrome Prostate Cancer Screening How to Quit Smoking Sun Safety Tips Testicular Self-Examination

12 Page 6 Ururka Kaansarka ee Maraykanka (American Cancer Society), Isbahaysiga Wadnaha ee Maraykanka (American Heart Association) iyo Isbahaysiga Sonkorowga ee Maraykanka (American Diabetes Association) ayaa ka wada shaqeeyay taladan. Si aad u yareysid halistaada kaansarka, cudurka wadnaha (xididaha wadnaha) iyo sonkorowga/macaanka higso hadafyadan: Gaadh miisaan caafimaad leh oo joogtee. Noqo qof firfircoon samee jimicsi ugu yaraan 30 daqiiqadood 5 maalmood ama ka badan todobaad kasta Cun ugu yaraan 5 qaybood oo ah khudaar iyo furuut maalin kasta. Ha cabin sigaar ama ha isticmaalin tubaako. Weydiiso gargaar si aad u joojisid. Yaree cabitaanadaada khamriga/aalkolada oo ku xadee 1 cabitaan maalintii oo ah haweenka iyo 2 cabitaan oo ah ragga. Halkan waxa ku yaalla goobo aad ka raadin kartid macluumaad dheeraad ah: Khadka JamesLine oo ah ama barta internetka ee ah cancer.osu.edu American Cancer Society (Ururka Kaansarka ee Maraykanka) oo ah ACS-2345 ama barta internetka ee ah The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (Shabakadda Kaansarka ee Heer Qaran) oo ah National Cancer Institute (Maxadka Qaranka ee Kaansarka) CANCER ( ) ama barta internetka Qoraallada Kale ee Waxbarasho Bukaan ee Ku Caawin Kara: The ABCD s of Melanoma and Skin Self-Exam (Talaabooyinka Melanoma iyo Baadhitaanka Maqaarka ee Iskaa) Cancer Genetics Consultation (La-talinta Hiddaha ee Kansarka) Colorectal Cancer Screening (Baadhitaanka Kaansarka Mindhicirka iyo Malawadka) Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Ciladda Uur-ku-jirta Xajiimeysan) Prostate Cancer Screening (Baadhitaanka Kaansarka Qanjidhka Xiniinyaha) How to Quit Smoking (Sida Loo Joojiyo Sigaar-cabista) Sun Safety Tips (Talooyinka Ammaanka ee Qorraxda) Testicular Self-Examination (Baadhista Xiniinyaha ee Aad Adigu Isku Sameynaysid)

13 Page 7 o Talk to your doctor or other health care team if you have questions. You may request more written information from the Library for Health Information at (614) or health-info@osu.edu.

14 Page 7 o Dhakhtarkaaga ama dadka kale ee ku jira kooxda daryeelka caafimaadkaaga la hadal haddii aad qabtid su aalo. Waxa aad war qoran oo dheeraad ah weydiisan kartaa Laybareeriga ama Maktabadda Warka Caafimaadka (Library for Health Information) oo lambarkiisu yahay (614) ama iimayl: health-info@osu.edu.