Extended Coverage Sprinklers
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1 Extended Coverage Sprinklers Welcome ASPE Wally Barker
2 Sprinkler Systems 101
3 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION The components that make up a sprinkler head are: Frame or casting Deflector Fusible element or frangible bulb Pip Cap Pintle Screw Belleville Spring Viking Sprinklers utilize low zinc content brass to provide a more resilient frame or casting. This low zinc content protects the sprinkler from de-zincification. The Bellville Spring seals the water way of the sprinkler. This metal to metal sealing mechanism allows the waterway to clear even when no pressure is on the inlet of the sprinkler head.
4 Laboratory Approvals AGENCY UL & c-ul (ULC) FM LPC VDS NYC & LA STANDARD NFPA & UL Requirements FM Requirements (NFPA = minimum) LPC Standard VDS Standard Specific City approvals
5 Types of Sprinkler Heads Control Mode Standard Response and Quick Response Standard Coverage Upright Pendent Sidewall Extended Coverage Upright Pendent Sidewall Control Mode Special Application Large Drop Sprinkler Suppression ESFR upright and Pendent Residential
6 Control Mode Sprinklers Control Mode Sprinklers are separated in the following Categories: Standard Coverage - Standard Response Standard Coverage - Quick Response Extended Coverage Standard Response Extended Coverage Quick Response Dry Barrel Standard Response/Quick Response Storage Standard/Quick Response
7 Sprinkler Head Identification
8 Sprinkler Model or SIN Number SIN Number The Model or SIN (Sprinkler Identification) Number is a number assigned to a sprinkler head. The number is stamped on the sprinkler deflector as a means of identifying the sprinkler.
9 TEMPERATURE RATINGS FOR GLASS BULB HEADS
10 155 F 175 F 200or212 F 286 F 360 F 500 F (68 C) (79 C) (93or100 C) (141 C) (182 C) (260 C) Red Yellow Green Blue Mauve Black Ordinary Intermediate High Extra Ultra High High Max Ceil Max Ceiling Max Ceil Max Ceil Max Ceil Temp Temp Temp Temp Temp 100 F 150 F 225 F 300 F 465 F (38 C) (65 C) (107 C) (149 C) (240 C) Standard Response Elements 5 mm bulb
11 155 F 175 F 200or212 F 286 F (68 C) (79 C) (93or100 C) (141 C) Red Yellow Green Blue Ordinary Intermediate High Max Ceil Max Ceiling Max Ceil Temp Temp Temp 100 F 150 F 225 F (38 C) (65 C) (107 C) Fast Response Elements 3 mm bulb
12 K Factors K factors are known as the coefficient of discharge. The larger the K factor in number, the more water it can discharge at a given pressure. There are (3) current thread sizes used for sprinkler heads, ½, ¾, and 1 threads. Do not just match the thread size when replacing a sprinkler head. Identify what orientation, K factor, and temperature prior to replacing a sprinkler.
13 Calculating (K) Orifice Sizes Why Larger K Factors? Develop larger water droplets that penetrate the fire plume Discharges same water density at lower pressures Lower starting pressures may save the designer a pipe size in their calculations, which will lower the cost of the system installation. Design Basics
14 NOMINAL K FACTORS- NFPA13 and Factory Mutual What is a sprinkler K- Factor K % of 5.6 Thread K % of 5.6 Thread % ½ % ¾ % ½ % ¾ % ½ % % ½ % 1 Baseline % ½ % % ¾ % % ¾
15 Sprinkler Sensitivity Thermal Response Requirements
16 SPRINKLER SENSITIVITY STANDARD RESPONSE 3 Min. 51 Sec. Room Fire Test 100 Sec. Plunge Test QUICK RESPONSE 75 Sec. Room Fire Test 14 Sec. Plunge Test RESIDENTIAL Special Fire Test 14 Sec. Plunge
17 Plunge Oven
18 Response Time Index - RTI RTI - measures the speed of response of the heat sensitive element Traditionally Fast Response Sprinklers have a thermal element with an RTI of 50 (meters-seconds) 1/2 or less. ESFR s must have a thermal element with an RTI of 36 (metersseconds) 1/2 or less Standard Response Sprinklers have a thermal element with an RTI of 80 (meters-seconds) 1/2 or more. Strut 110 m-s ½ Glass Bulb (5mm) -105 m-s ½ Fusible Link 26 m-s ½ Glass Bulb (3mm) -36 m-s ½ Glass Bulb (2.5mm) -22 m-s ½ Heat Fin -26 m-s ½
19 MINIMUM SPRINKLER FLOW Q = Water Flow K = Coefficient of Discharge P = Pressure Q = Area x Density Q = K x P P = (Q/K) 2 K = Q/ P
20 Sprinkler Spacing Determining Area/Sprinkler Along branch lines: 1. Determine distance between sprinklers (or to wall/obstruction) 2. Choose largest - twice distance to wall or distance to next sprinkler. This dimension will be defined as S. Between branch lines: 1. Determine distance to adjacent branch line (or to wall/obstruction). 2. Choose largest - twice distance to wall or distance to adjacent line. This dimension will be defined as L. Area/Sprinkler = S L Design Basics
21 Sprinkler Spacing Determining Area/Sprinkler Extended Coverage or Residential Must use one of the Listed coverage areas The actual area protected per sprinkler must fit within the Listed design coverage area Design Basics
22 Sprinkler Spacing Determining Area/Sprinkler Extended Coverage or Residential Example: 19 x 10 room Use 20 x 20 Design Basics
23 Sprinkler Spacing Determining Area/Sprinkler Extended Coverage or Residential Example: 16 x 18 room Use 18 x 18 Design Basics
24 Determining Design Area
25 Determining Size Starts with the chart in NFPA 13 Design Basics
26 Determining Size Extended Coverage Must use Greater of Coverage of five sprinklers or area required by occupancy Example 1: Light Hazard w/ 20x20 Sprinklers 400sf x 5 sprinklers = 2000sf LH = 1500 sf Use 2000sf Example 2: Light Hazard w/ 14x14 Sprinklers 196sf x 5 sprinklers = 980sf LH = 1500 sf Use 1500sf Design Basics
27 Determining Size Quick Response Sprinklers When using Quick Response You can reduce the design area based on ceiling height (Remember: NFPA 13 limits the minimum size to 900sf) Design Basics
28 Design Calculations
29 Calculating End Head Flow (Q) Q = Area x Density Example:.15 density with 120sf coverage per sprinkler.15 x 120 = 18gpm end head Design Basics
30 Calculating Pressure (P) at the End Head P = (Q K)² Q = Flow of end head K = K Factor of Sprinkler Example: Q = 18gpm K = 5.6 So (18 5.6)² = 10.3psi Minimum Design Basics
31 Calculating (K) Orifice Sizes Orifice Sizes are Represented by a K Factor The K Factor is derived by the following formula: K = CD 2 Basically, the larger the K, the larger the orifice. Design Basics
32 Starting Pressure Comparison for Different Orifice Sprinklers K Factor 5.6 Flow Rate 26 gpm Starting Pressure psi gpm psi gpm (29.63 gpm) 26 gpm (44.44 gpm) 5.11 psi (min 7 psi) 2.39 psi (min 7 psi).20 gpm per sq. ft x 130 sq. ft. = 26 gpm
33 Standard Coverage Sprinklers Pendent or Upright Minimum operating pressure is 7 psi. Flow rate per sprinkler is determined by area x density or minimum pressure multiplied by square root of minimum pressure (which ever is greater)
34 Standard Coverage Sprinklers Pendent and Upright
35 Standard Coverage Sprinklers Pendent or Upright Standard Spray Sprinkler Spacing (Area of Coverage) Light Hazard (as defined by NFPA 13) : 225 sq. ft. max Ordinary Hazard (as defined by NFPA 13) : 130 sq. ft. max Extra Hazard (as defined by NFPA 13) : 100 sq. ft. max (Note: areas given for hydraulically calculated systems)
36 Classification of Occupancies Upright and pendent spray sprinklers shall be permitted in all occupancy hazard classifications and building construction types. 5.1* Classification of Occupancies Occupancy classifications for this standard shall relate to sprinkler design, installation, and water supply requirements only Occupancy classifications shall not be intended to be a general classification of occupancy hazards. 5.2* Light Hazard Occupancies. Light hazard occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of heat release are expected. EXAMPLES: Churches, Clubs, Hospitals, Museums, Offices, Restaurant Seating Areas
37 NFPA 13 limits maximum area of coverage for Light Hazard to 225 sq. ft. per sprinkler *Plan View 15-0 (4,57m) 15-0 (4,57m) 15-0 (4,57m) Standard Coverage Sprinklers
38 Density prescribed for Light Hazard is.10 gpm per sq. ft (4,57m) 15-0 (4,57m) 15-0 (4,57m) *Plan View Minimum flow rate for sprinklers spaced 225 sq. ft. is Determined by area x density = Q Example:.10 gpm per sq. ft. x 225 sq. ft. = 22.5 gpm
39 Classification of Occupancies Upright and pendent spray sprinklers shall be permitted in all occupancy hazard classifications and building construction types. 5.1* Classification of Occupancies Occupancy classifications for this standard shall relate to sprinkler design, installation, and water supply requirements only Occupancy classifications shall not be intended to be a general classification of occupancy hazards * Ordinary Hazard (Group 1). Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where combustibility is low, quantity of combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of combustibles do not exceed 8-0, and fires with moderate rates of heat release are expected. Examples:Restaurant Service Areas, Bakeries, Automobile Parking and Showrooms, Laundries 5.3.2* Ordinary Hazard (Group 2). Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are moderate to high, stockpiles do not exceed 12, and fires with moderate to high rates of heat release are expected. Examples: Dry Cleaners, Horse Stables, Machine Shops, Library Stack Rooms, Mercantile, Confectionary Products, Casino area.
40 NFPA 13 limits maximum area of coverage for Ordinary Hazard to 130 sq. ft. per sprinkler 13-0 (3,97m) 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) *Plan View Standard Coverage Sprinklers
41 Density prescribed for Ordinary Hazard 1 is.15 gpm per sq. ft (3,96m) 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) *Plan View Minimum flow rate for sprinklers spaced 130 sq. ft. is Determined by area x density = Q Example:.15 gpm per sq. ft. x 130 sq. ft. = 19.5 gpm
42 Density prescribed for Ordinary Hazard 2 is.20 gpm per sq. ft (3,96m) 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) *Plan View Minimum flow rate for sprinklers spaced 130 sq. ft. is Determined by area x density = Q Example:.20 gpm per sq. ft. x 130 sq. ft. = 26 gpm
43 Classification of Occupancies Upright and pendent spray sprinklers shall be permitted in all occupancy hazard classifications and building construction types. 5.1* Classification of Occupancies Occupancy classifications for this standard shall relate to sprinkler design, installation, and water supply requirements only Occupancy classifications shall not be intended to be a general classification of occupancy hazards * Extra Hazard (Group 1). Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are very high and dust, lint, or other materials are present, introducing the probability of rapidly developing fires with high rates of heat release but with little or no combustible or flammable liquids. Examples: Combustible Hydraulic Fluid Use Areas, Metal Extruding, Saw Mills, Upholstering with Plastic Foams, Rubber Reclaiming 5.4.2* Extra Hazard (Group 2). Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies with moderate to substantial amounts of flammable or combustible liquids or occupancies where shielding of combustibles is extensive. Examples: Flammable Liquids Spraying, Open Oil Quenching, Plastics Processing, Solvent Cleaning, Varnish and Paint Dipping
44 NFPA 13 limits maximum area of coverage for Extra Hazard to 100 sq. ft. per sprinkler 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) *Plan View Standard Coverage Sprinklers
45 Density prescribed for Extra Hazard 1 is.30 gpm per sq. ft (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) *Plan View Minimum flow rate for sprinklers spaced 100 sq. ft. is Determined by area x density = Q Example:.30 gpm per sq. ft. x 100 sq. ft. = 30 gpm
46 Density prescribed for Extra Hazard 2 is.40 gpm per sq. ft (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) *Plan View Minimum flow rate for sprinklers spaced 100 sq. ft. is Determined by area x density = Q Example:.40 gpm per sq. ft. x 100 sq. ft. = 40 gpm
47 Standard Coverage Sprinklers Sidewall
48 Standard Coverage Sprinklers Sidewall Standard Spray Sprinkler Spacing (Area of Coverage) Light Hazard (as defined by NFPA 13) : 196 sq. ft. max (18,2 sq. m) Ordinary Hazard (as defined by NFPA 13) : 100 sq. ft. max (9,29 sq. m) (Note: Must be listed for Ordinary Hazard)
49 SIDEWALL SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION Must meet Average Distribution Requirements over the 100 ft 2 (9,3 m 2 ) area between two sprinklers spaced 10 ft. (3,05 m) apart for standard 1/2 (15 mm) orifice sprinklers: 0.05 gpm/ft 2 (0.034 L/s/m 2 ) or 0.07gpm/ft 2 (0.048 L/s/m 2 ) for large orifice sprinklers 17/32 (20 mm) : And still provide 3.5% against wall in which sprinklers are installed, for both 1/2 and L/O.
50 Density prescribed for Light Hazard is.10 gpm per sq. ft. *Plan View 14-0 (4,27m) 14-0 (4,27m) 14-0 (4,27m) Minimum flow rate for sprinklers spaced 196 sq. ft. is Determined by area x density = Q Example:.10 gpm per sq. ft. x 196 sq. ft. = 19.6 gpm
51 Density prescribed for Ordinary Hazard Group 1 is.15 gpm per sq. ft. *Plan View 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) Minimum flow rate for sprinklers spaced 100 sq. ft. is Determined by area x density = Q Example:.15 gpm per sq. ft. x 100 sq. ft. = 15 gpm
52 Density prescribed for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 is.20 gpm per sq. ft. *Plan View 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) 10-0 (3,04m) Minimum flow rate for sprinklers spaced 100 sq. ft. is Determined by area x density = Q Example:.20 gpm per sq. ft. x 100 sq. ft. = 20 gpm
53 Extended Coverage Sprinklers Pendent and Upright
54 Extended Coverage Sprinklers -Light, Ordinary & Extra Hazard Occupancies.
55 SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION EXTENDED COVERAGE FLOOR AREA PLUS WET THE WALL 30 (762 mm) ABOVE THE FINISHED FLOOR Model M ECOH- ELO Pendent VK534 Model M ECOH- ELO Upright VK532 Model M ECLH- ELO Pendent VK608 ECOH-K14
56 ECLH-ELO Pendent Spacing and Minimum Flow Rate
57 Extended Coverage Sprinklers Have maximum coverage areas of 400 sq. ft. as mandated by NFPA 13. Spacing is in increments of 2-0 intervals, example: 12 x12, 14 x14 16 x16, 18 x18, 20 x20
58 Light Hazard 16 x 16 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 16-0 (4,87m) 16-0 (4,87m) 16-0 (4,87m) 256 sq. ft. x.10 gpm per sq. ft. = 25.6 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
59 Light Hazard 18 x 18 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 18-0 (5,48m) 18-0 (5,48m) 18-0 (5,48m) 324 sq. ft. x.10 gpm per sq. ft. = 32.4 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
60 Light Hazard 20 x 20 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 20-0 (6,09m) 20-0 (6,09m) 20-0 (6,09m) 400 sq. ft. x.10 gpm per sq. ft. = 40 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
61 Extended Coverage Spacing ECLH Sprinkler Minimum Design Spacing Area of coverage Light Hazard Density Minimum water flow * % Fewer Sprinklers 16 x ft².10 gpm/sq ft gpm 13% 18 x ft².10 gpm/sq ft gpm 30% 20 x ft².10 gpm/sq ft. 40 gpm 44% *Based on a 225 sq. ft. coverage area for standard coverage upright and pendent
62 ECOH-ELO Upright &Pendent Spacing and Minimum Flow Rate (Ordinary Hazard Group 1)
63 Ord. Hazard Group 1 12 x 12 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 12-0 (4,87m) 12-0 (4,87m) 12-0 (4,87m) 144 sq. ft. x.15 gpm per sq. ft. = 21.6 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
64 Ord. Hazard Group 1 14 x 14 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 14-0 (4,87m) 14-0 (4,87m) 14-0 (4,87m) 196 sq. ft. x.15 gpm per sq. ft. = 29.4 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
65 Ord. Hazard Group 1 16 x 16 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 16-0 (4,87m) 16-0 (4,87m) 16-0 (4,87m) 256 sq. ft. x.15 gpm per sq. ft. = 38.4 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
66 Ord. Hazard Group l 18 x 18 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 18-0 (5,48m) 18-0 (5,48m) 18-0 (5,48m) 324 sq. ft. x.15 gpm per sq. ft. = 48.6 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
67 Ord. Hazard Group l 20 x 20 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 20-0 (6,09m) 20-0 (6,09m) 20-0 (6,09m) 400 sq. ft. x.15 gpm per sq. ft. = 60 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
68 ECOH Sprinkler Minimum Design Spacing Area of coverage OH. I Density Minimum water flow * % Fewer Sprinklers 12 x ft².15 gpm/sq ft gpm 10% 14 x ft².15 gpm/sq ft gpm 35% 16 x ft².15 gpm/sq ft gpm 50% 18 x ft².15 gpm/sq ft gpm 60% 20 x ft².15 gpm/sq ft. 60 gpm 66% *Based on a 130 sq. ft. coverage area for standard coverage upright and pendent
69 ECOH-ELO Upright &Pendent Spacing and Minimum Flow Rate (Ordinary Hazard Group 2)
70 Ord. Hazard Group 2 12 x 12 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 12-0 (4,87m) 12-0 (4,87m) 12-0 (4,87m) 144 sq. ft. x.20 gpm per sq. ft. = 28.8 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
71 Ord. Hazard Group 2 14 x 14 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 14-0 (4,87m) 14-0 (4,87m) 14-0 (4,87m) 196 sq. ft. x.20 gpm per sq. ft. = 39.2 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
72 Ord. Hazard Group 2 16 x 16 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 16-0 (4,87m) 16-0 (4,87m) 16-0 (4,87m) 256 sq. ft. x.20 gpm per sq. ft. = 51.2 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
73 Ord. Hazard Group 2 18 x 18 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 18-0 (5,48m) 18-0 (5,48m) 18-0 (5,48m) 324 sq. ft. x.20 gpm per sq. ft. = 64.8 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
74 Ord. Hazard Group 2 20 x 20 spacing (reduces number of Sprinklers) *Plan View 20-0 (6,09m) 20-0 (6,09m) 20-0 (6,09m) 400 sq. ft. x.20 gpm per sq. ft. = 80 gpm Extended Coverage Sprinklers
75 ECOH Sprinkler Minimum Design Spacing Area of coverage OH II Density Minimum water flow * % Fewer Sprinklers 12 x ft².20 gpm/sq ft gpm 10% 14 x ft².20 gpm/sq ft gpm 35% 16 x ft².20 gpm/sq ft gpm 50% 18 x ft².20 gpm/sq ft gpm 60% 20 x ft².20 gpm/sq ft. 80 gpm 66% *Based on a 130 sq. ft. coverage area for standard coverage upright and pendent
76 EC Sidewall vs. Standard EC has larger protection areas EC has flatter distribution Require greater separation from obstructions Need to be designed and installed per listing
77 Extended Coverage Sidewall Spacing Per NFPA 13: Unobstructed, flat Max. area of coverage = 400 ft2 (Lt. & Ord.) Light Hazard 28 max. between sprinklers Ordinary Hazard 24 max. between sprinklers
78 Extended Coverage Horizontal Sidewall New Patented Stream Shaper Design
79 QR ECLH Sidewall Coverage's 14 x 26, 16 x 24, 18 x 20, 18 x 22 UL Listed & FM Approved Recessed & Domed Concealed
80 EC Head Example (VK572) (Garage Head) Specifically listed for concrete tee construction SR 20 x 20 OH listed
81 Extended Coverage Advantages (= $ saved) Less Sprinkler Heads Less Pipe / Fittings Less Installation Labor Maximum Use of Available Water Supply
82 Thank you.
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